-
1
-
-
0034737962
-
What makes clinical research ethical?
-
Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Grady C: What makes clinical research ethical? JAMA 2000, 283:2701-2711.
-
(2000)
JAMA
, vol.283
, pp. 2701-2711
-
-
Emanuel, E.J.1
Wendler, D.2
Grady, C.3
-
2
-
-
0343893748
-
Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
-
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1301-1308.
-
(2000)
N Engl J Med
, vol.342
, pp. 1301-1308
-
-
-
4
-
-
0343360868
-
Transfusion requirements in critical care investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care
-
Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al.: Transfusion requirements in critical care investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:409-417.
-
(1999)
N Engl J Med
, vol.340
, pp. 409-417
-
-
Hebert, P.C.1
Wells, G.2
Blajchman, M.A.3
-
5
-
-
0042861328
-
Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants
-
Askie LM, Henderson-Smart DJ, Irwig L, et al.: Oxygen-saturation targets and outcomes in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:959-967.
-
(2003)
N Engl J Med
, vol.349
, pp. 959-967
-
-
Askie, L.M.1
Henderson-Smart, D.J.2
Irwig, L.3
-
6
-
-
0036892747
-
Meta-analysis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome trials testing low tidal volumes
-
Eichacker PQ, Gerstenberger EP, Banks SM, et al.: Meta-analysis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome trials testing low tidal volumes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:1510-1514.
-
(2002)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.166
, pp. 1510-1514
-
-
Eichacker, P.Q.1
Gerstenberger, E.P.2
Banks, S.M.3
-
9
-
-
0036892665
-
Meta-analysis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome trials
-
Brower RG, Mathay M, Schoenfeld D: Meta-analysis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome trials [letter]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:1515-1517.
-
(2002)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.166
, pp. 1515-1517
-
-
Brower, R.G.1
Mathay, M.2
Schoenfeld, D.3
-
11
-
-
1442325354
-
The ethical relevance of the standard of care in the design of clinical trials
-
Miller FG, Silverman HJ: The ethical relevance of the standard of care in the design of clinical trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 169:562-564. The authors describe the concept of the medical standard of care and its ethical relevance to clinical trial design. In brief, the standard of care is relevant, although not necessarily decisive, to two basic moral considerations regarding the design of clinical trials: (1) pursuing scientific knowledge and (2) protection human subjects.
-
(2004)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.169
, pp. 562-564
-
-
Miller, F.G.1
Silverman, H.J.2
-
12
-
-
1542614269
-
Control group selection in critical care randomized controlled trials evaluating interventional strategies: An ethical assessment
-
Silverman HJ, Miller FG: Control group selection in critical care randomized controlled trials evaluating interventional strategies: an ethical assessment. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:852-857. These authors formulate an ethical framework for analyzing control group selection for critical care trials. Control group selection should be determined in light of four ethical objectives of trial design: (1) clinical value, (2) scientific validity, (3) efficiency and feasibility, and (4) protection of human subjects. Achieving the latter objective ought to be paramount.
-
(2004)
Crit Care Med
, vol.32
, pp. 852-857
-
-
Silverman, H.J.1
Miller, F.G.2
-
13
-
-
10244240395
-
Safety is not improved with the inclusion of a usual care arm in ICU trials
-
Thompson BT, Hayden D, Schoenfeld D: Safety is not improved with the inclusion of a usual care arm in ICU trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 169:A256. Adding a routine care group to a two-arm study evaluating contrasting strategies will lead to an increase in sample size that might have adverse effects on safety.
-
(2004)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.169
-
-
Thompson, B.T.1
Hayden, D.2
Schoenfeld, D.3
-
14
-
-
3242806611
-
Positive clinical trials. Understand the control group before implementing the result
-
Parshuram CS, Kavanagh BP: Positive clinical trials. Understand the control group before implementing the result. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 170:223-226. These authors emphasize the characteristics of the control group that will be determinant of the overall conclusion of the clinical trial. If entry into a control group leads to changes from usual care, then any positive results attributed to the experimental intervention might not have been caused by the beneficial effects of the intervention but rather by the adverse effects of the control strategy.
-
(2004)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.170
, pp. 223-226
-
-
Parshuram, C.S.1
Kavanagh, B.P.2
-
15
-
-
0037198569
-
Study control, violators, inclusion criteria and defining explanatory and pragmatic trials
-
McMahon AD: Study control, violators, inclusion criteria and defining explanatory and pragmatic trials. Stat Med 2002, 21:1365-1376.
-
(2002)
Stat Med
, vol.21
, pp. 1365-1376
-
-
McMahon, A.D.1
-
16
-
-
0036209984
-
The design of randomized clinical trials in critically ill patients
-
Hebert PC, Cook DJ, Wells G, et al.: The design of randomized clinical trials in critically ill patients. Chest 2002, 121:1290-1300.
-
(2002)
Chest
, vol.121
, pp. 1290-1300
-
-
Hebert, P.C.1
Cook, D.J.2
Wells, G.3
-
17
-
-
0001056014
-
Publication of study results does not increase use of lung protective ventilation in patients with acute lung injury
-
Rubenfeld G, Caldwell E, Hudson L: Publication of study results does not increase use of lung protective ventilation in patients with acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 163:A295.
-
(2001)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.163
-
-
Rubenfeld, G.1
Caldwell, E.2
Hudson, L.3
-
18
-
-
0038629056
-
Impact of randomized trial results on acute lung injury ventilator therapy in teaching hospitals
-
Weinert CR, Gross CR, Marinelli WA: Impact of randomized trial results on acute lung injury ventilator therapy in teaching hospitals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:1304-1309.
-
(2003)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.167
, pp. 1304-1309
-
-
Weinert, C.R.1
Gross, C.R.2
Marinelli, W.A.3
-
19
-
-
2942560456
-
Ventilation of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Has new evidence changed clinical practice?
-
Young MP, Manning HL, Wilson DL, et al.: Ventilation of patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: has new evidence changed clinical practice? Crit Care Med 2004, 32:1260-1265. This retrospective study evaluates the impact of the ARDSNet tidal volume trial in the three largest hospitals in northern New England. The authors compare the selection of tidal volumes between two study periods, 1998-1999 and 2000-2001, and show that although there were significant reductions in tidal volumes, practice was highly variable and the proportion of patients receiving less than 8 mL/kg remains modest.
-
(2004)
Crit Care Med
, vol.32
, pp. 1260-1265
-
-
Young, M.P.1
Manning, H.L.2
Wilson, D.L.3
-
20
-
-
10244238784
-
Clinical trial of mechanical ventilation with traditional versus lower tidal volumes in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Effects on physicians' practices
-
Brower RG, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M: Clinical trial of mechanical ventilation with traditional versus lower tidal volumes in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: effects on physicians' practices. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 169:A256. This study shows modest increases in the use of a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg PBW in hospitals that participated in the ARDSNet trials.
-
(2004)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.169
-
-
Brower, R.G.1
Thompson, B.T.2
Ancukiewicz, M.3
-
21
-
-
2942527054
-
Barriers to providing lung-protective ventilation to patients with acute lung injury
-
Rubenfeld GD, Cooper C, Carter G, et al.: Barriers to providing lung-protective ventilation to patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:1289-1293. Using a survey of nurses and respiratory therapists, the authors perform a content analysis of open-ended responses to determine the barriers to implementing a lung-protective ventilatory strategy.
-
(2004)
Crit Care Med
, vol.32
, pp. 1289-1293
-
-
Rubenfeld, G.D.1
Cooper, C.2
Carter, G.3
-
22
-
-
0037614843
-
Are we really reducing tidal volume - And should we?
-
Ricard J-D: Are we really reducing tidal volume - and should we? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 167:1297-1298.
-
(2003)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.167
, pp. 1297-1298
-
-
Ricard, J.-D.1
-
23
-
-
0037413466
-
A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients
-
Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, et al. for the Canadian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group: A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:5-14.
-
(2003)
N Engl J Med
, vol.348
, pp. 5-14
-
-
Sandham, J.D.1
Hull, R.D.2
Brant, R.F.3
-
24
-
-
0345374592
-
Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized controlled trial
-
Richard C, Warszawski J, Anguel N, et al. for the French Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group.: Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003, 290:2713-2720.
-
(2003)
JAMA
, vol.290
, pp. 2713-2720
-
-
Richard, C.1
Warszawski, J.2
Anguel, N.3
-
26
-
-
0037394909
-
Improving clinical trial design in acute lung injury
-
Wood KA, Huang D, Angus DC: Improving clinical trial design in acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2003, 31 (suppl):S305-S311.
-
(2003)
Crit Care Med
, vol.31
, Issue.SUPPL.
-
-
Wood, K.A.1
Huang, D.2
Angus, D.C.3
-
27
-
-
0036118408
-
Evidence-based medicine or fuzzy logic: What is best for ARDS management?
-
Dreyfuss D, Saumon G: Evidence-based medicine or fuzzy logic: what is best for ARDS management? Intensive Care Med 2002, 28:230-234.
-
(2002)
Intensive Care Med
, vol.28
, pp. 230-234
-
-
Dreyfuss, D.1
Saumon, G.2
-
28
-
-
0042376071
-
The role of a journal in a scientific controversy
-
Tobin MJ: The role of a journal in a scientific controversy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 168:511-515. Using the ARDSNet controversy as a springboard for discussion, the author examines the concept of the "truth" as applied to the results of clinical trials. Commenting on the fragile foundation and nature of randomized, controlled clinical trials, the author emphasizes a dialectical path to the truth that involves open discussion of opposing thoughts.
-
(2003)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
, vol.168
, pp. 511-515
-
-
Tobin, M.J.1
-
29
-
-
0037129924
-
Truth survival in clinical research: An evidence-based requiem?
-
Poynard T, Munteanu M, Ratziu V, et al.: Truth survival in clinical research: an evidence-based requiem? Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:888-895.
-
(2002)
Ann Intern Med
, vol.136
, pp. 888-895
-
-
Poynard, T.1
Munteanu, M.2
Ratziu, V.3
-
30
-
-
0034702175
-
Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs
-
Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI: Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1887-1892.
-
(2000)
N Engl J Med
, vol.342
, pp. 1887-1892
-
-
Concato, J.1
Shah, N.2
Horwitz, R.I.3
-
31
-
-
0034702233
-
A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials
-
Benson K, Hartz AJ: A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1878-1886.
-
(2000)
N Engl J Med
, vol.342
, pp. 1878-1886
-
-
Benson, K.1
Hartz, A.J.2
|