Gender and decision making in Balinese agriculture

American Ethnologist

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 552-572

  Jha, Nitish ^a  

^a MADRAS INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES   (India)

Author keywords

Collective action; Decision making; Development; Gender division of labor; Household; Indonesia; Irrigated agriculture

Indexed keywords

EID: 10244255262     PISSN: 00940496     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ae.2004.31.4.552     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Agarwal, Bina 1988 Patriarchy and the "Modernizing" State. In Structures of Patriarchy: State, Community and Household in Modernizing Asia. Bina Agarwal, ed. Pp. 1 -28. New Delhi: Kali for Women.
2. Andaya, Barbara Watson 1995 Women and Economic Change: The Pepper Trade in Pre-Modern Southeast Asia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 38(2):165-190.
3. Appell, Laura W. R. 1991 Sex Role Symmetry among the Rungus of Sabah. In Female and Male in Borneo: Contributions and Challenges to Gender Studies. Vinson H. Sutlive Jr., ed. Pp. 1-56. Williamsburg, VA: Borneo Research Council.
4. Arun, Shoba 1999 Does Land Ownership Make a Difference: Women's Roles in Agriculture in Kerala, India. Gender and Development 7(3):19-27.
5. Barlett, Peggy F., ed. 1980 Agricultural Decision Making: Anthropological Contributions to Rural Development. New York: Academic Press.
6. Bastidas, Elena P. 1999 Gender Issues and Women's Participation in Irrigated Agriculture: The Case of Two Private Irrigation Canals in Carchi, Ecuador. Research Report 31. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
7. Besteman, Catherine 1995 Out-Migration. In Gender and Agricultural Development: Surveying the Field. Helen Kreider Henderson, with Ellen Hansen, eds. Pp. 66-73. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
8. Blackwood, Evelyn 2000 Webs of Power: Women, Kin, and Community in a Sumatran Village. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
9. Boelens, Rutgerd, and Margreet Zwarteveen 2002 Gender Dimensions of Water Control in Andean Irrigation. In Water Rights and Empowerment. Rutgerd Boelens and Paul Hoogendam, eds. Pp. 75-109. Assen, the Netherlands: Koninklijke Van Gorcum.
10. Boserup, Ester 1970 Woman's Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin's Press.
11. Bossen, Laurel 1989 Women and Economic Institutions. In Economic Anthropology. Stuart Plattner, ed. Pp. 318-350. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
12. Bowen, John R. 1986 On the Political Construction of Tradition: Gotong Royong in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Studies 45(3):545-561.
13. Branson, Jan, and Don B. Miller 1988 The Changing Fortunes of Balinese Market Women. In Development and Displacement: Women in Southeast Asia. Glen Chandler, Norma Sullivan, and Jan Branson, eds. Pp. 1-15. Clayton, Australia: Monash University.
14. Brenner, Suzanne April 1998 The Domestication of Desire: Women, Wealth, and Modernity in Java. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
15. Brinkgreve, Francine 1987 The Cili and Other Female Images in Bali. In Indonesian Women in Focus: Past and Present Notions. Elspeth Locher-Scholten and Anke Niehof, eds. Pp. 135-151. Leiden, the Netherlands: KITLV Press.
16. Brown, Judith K. 1970 A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex. American Anthropologist 72(5):1073-1078.
17. Brown, Lynn R., Hilary Feldstein, Lawrence Haddad, Christine Peña, and Agnes Quisumbing 1995 Generating Food Security in the Year 2020: Women as Producers, Gatekeepers, and Shock Absorbers. 2020 Vision Brief 17. Electronic document, http://www.cgiar.org/ifpri/2020/briefs/number17.htm, accessed May 11, 2004.
18. Bryceson, Deborah Fahy, ed. 1995 Women Wielding the Hoe: Lessons from Rural Africa for Feminist Theory and Development Practice. Oxford: Berg.
19. Burton, Michael L., Lilyan A. Brudner, and Douglas R. White 1977 A Model of the Sexual Division of Labor. American Ethnologist 4(2):227-251.
20. Burton, Michael L., and Douglas R. White 1984 Sexual Division of Labor in Agriculture. American Anthropologist 86(3):568-583.
21. Carey, Peter, and Vincent Houben 1987 Spirited Srikhandis and Sly Sumbadhras: The Social, Political and Economic Role of Women at the Central Javanese Courts in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries. In Indonesian Women in Focus: Past and Present Notions. Elspeth Locher-Scholten and Anke Niehof, eds. Pp. 12-42. Leiden, the Netherlands: KITLV Press.
22. Cloud, Kathleen 1985 Women's Productivity in Agricultural Households: How Can We Think about It? What Do We Know? In Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries. Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb, eds. Pp. 11-18. Los Angeles: UCLA African Studies Center, African Studies Association, and OEF International.
23. Crewe, Emma, and Elizabeth Harrison 1998 Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid. London: Zed Books.
24. Davison, Jean, ed. 1988 Agriculture, Women, and Land: The African Experience. Boulder: Westview Press.
25. Dixon, Ruth B. 1985 Seeing the Invisible Women Farmers in Africa: Improving Research and Data Collection Methods. In Women as Food Producers in Developing Countries. Jamie Monson and Marion Kalb, eds. Pp. 19-35. Los Angeles: UCLA African Studies Center, African Studies Association, and OEF International.
26. Dixon-Mueller, Ruth 1985 Women's Work in Third World Agriculture: Concepts and Indicators. Geneva: International Labor Organization.
27. Ember, Carol E. 1983 The Relative Decline of Women's Contribution to Agriculture with Intensification. American Anthropologist 85(2):285-304.
28. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations N.d.a The Feminization of Agriculture. Electronic document, http://www.fao.org/Gender/en/agrib2-e.htm, accessed May 11, 2004.
29. N.d.b Women and Farm Tools. Agriculture Department. Electronic document, http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/ AGRICULT/magazine/9810/spotl.htm, accessed May 11, 2004.
30. Guyer, Jane I. 1986 Intra-Household Processes and Farming Systems Research: Perspectives from Anthropology. In Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems. Joyce Lewinger Moock, ed. Pp. 92-104. Boulder: Westview Press.
31. Hamilton, Sarah, Linda Asturias de Barrios, and Brenda Tevalán 2001 Gender and Commercial Agriculture in Ecuador and Guatemala. Culture and Agriculture 23(3):1-12.
32. Hefner, Robert W. 1990 The Political Economy of Mountain Java: An Interpretive History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
33. Henderson, Helen Kreider 1995 Gender Division of Labor. In Gender and Agricultural Development: Surveying the Field. Helen Kreider Henderson, with Ellen Hansen, eds. Pp. 3-11. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
34. Heyzer, Noeleen 1986 Working Women in South-East Asia: Development, Subordination and Emancipation. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
35. Hobart, Mark 1975 Orators and Patrons: Two Types of Political Leader in Balinese Village Society. In Political Language and Oratory in Traditional Society. Maurice Bloch, ed. Pp. 65-92. London: Academic Press.
36. 1978 Padi, Puns and the Attribution of Responsibility. In Natural Symbols in South East Asia. G. B. Milner, ed. Pp. 55-87. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
37. 1995 Engendering Disquiet: On Kinship and Gender in Bali. In "Male" and "Female" in Developing Southeast Asia. Wazir Jahan Karim, ed. Pp. 121-144. Oxford: Berg.
38. Howe, Leopold E. A. 1991 Rice, Ideology, and the Legitimation of Hierarchy in Bali. Man 26(3):445-467.
39. Huvio, Tiina 1998 Women's Role in Rice Farming. FAO Women and Population Division. Electronic document, http://www.fao.org/ WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/WPdirect/WPan0027. htm, accessed May 11, 2004.
40. Illo, Jeanne Frances I. 1998 Women and Irrigator Associations in the Philippines: Contexts and Outcomes of Collective Action. In Gender Analysis and Reform of Irrigation Management: Concepts, Cases, and Gaps in Knowledge. Proceedings of the Workshop on Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, International Water Management Institute. Douglas J. Merrey and Shirish Baviskar, eds. Pp. 209-222. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
41. International Food Policy Research Institute 1998 IFPRI Annual Report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
42. Jha, Nitish 1999 Tasks and Roles in the Internal Social Organization of Canal Irrigation Systems. Unpublished MS, Department of Anthropology, Brandeis University.
43. 2002 The Bifurcate Subak: The Social Organisation of a Balinese Irrigation Community. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Brandeis University. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
44. Jones, Christine W. 1986 Intra-Household Bargaining in Response to the Introduction of New Crops: A Case Study from North Cameroon. In Understanding Africa's Rural Households and Farming Systems. Joyce Lewinger Moock, ed. Pp. 105-123. Boulder: Westview Press.
45. Jufri, Martini, and C. W. Watson 1998 Decision-Making in Rural Households in Kerinci and Minangkabau. Indonesia and the Malay World 26(74):13-31.
46. Keeler, Ward 1990 Speaking of Gender in Java. In Power and Difference: Gender in Island Southeast Asia. Jane M. Atkinson and Shelly Errington, eds. Pp. 127-152. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
47. Kindon, Sara 1998 Of Men and Mothers: Questioning Gender and Community Myths in Bali. In The Myth of Community: Gender Issues in Participatory Development. Irene Guijt and Meera Kaul Shah, eds. Pp. 152-164. London: Intermediate Technology.
48. Kuipers, Joel C. 1990 Talking about Troubles: Gender Differences in Weyéwa Ritual Speech Use. In Power and Difference: Gender in Island Southeast Asia. Jane M. Atkinson and Shelly Errington, eds. Pp. 153-175. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
49. Lynch, Barbara Deutsch 1997 Women and Irrigation in Highland Peru. In Women Working in the Environment. Carolyn Sachs, ed. Pp. 85-102. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
50. MacPhail, Fiona, and Paul Bowles 1989 Technical Change and Intra-Household Welfare: A Case Study of Irrigated Rice Production in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Development Studies 26(1):58-80.
51. Mehra, Rekha, and Simel Esim 1998 What Gender Analysis Can Contribute to Irrigation Research and Practice in Developing Countries: Some Issues. In Gender Analysis and Reform of Irrigation Management: Concepts, Cases, and Gaps in Knowledge. Proceedings of the Workshop on Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, International Water Management Institute. Douglas I. Merrey and Shirish Baviskar, eds. Pp. 3-22. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
52. Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, and Margreet Zwarteveen 1998 Gender Participation in Water Management: Issues and Illustrations from Water User Associations in South Asia. In Gender Analysis and Reform of Irrigation Management: Concepts, Cases, and Gaps in Knowledge. Proceedings of the Workshop on Gender and Water, 15-19 September 1997, International Water Management Institute. Douglas J. Merrey and Shirish Baviskar, eds. Pp. 173-192. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
53. Miller, Don B., and Jan Branson 1989 Pollution in Paradise: Hinduism and the Subordination of Women in Bali. In Creating Indonesian Cultures. Paul Alexander, ed. Pp. 91-112. Sydney: University of Sydney.
54. Moser, Caroline O. N. 1989 Gender Planning in the Third World: Meeting Practical and Strategic Gender Needs. World Development 17(11): 1799-1825.
55. Nelson, Enid 1998 Women's Empty Talk: Gender and Local Politics in a Rejang Village. In Facets of Power and Its Limitations: Political Culture in Southeast Asia. Ing-Britt Trankell and Laura Summers, eds. Pp. 149-175. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University.
56. Netting, Robert McC. 1993 Smallholders, Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
57. Netting, Robert McC., Glenn D. Stone, and M. Priscilla Stone 1995 The Social Organization of Agrarian Labor. In The Comparative Analysis of Human Societies: Toward Common Standards for Data Collection and Reporting. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Pp. 55-73. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
58. Norem, Rosalie Huisinga 1988 Integration of Intra-Household Dynamics into Farming Systems Research and Extension: A Survey of Existing Projects. In Gender Issues in Farming Systems Research and Extension. Susan V. Poats, Marianne Schmink, and Anita Spring, eds. Pp. 19-35. Boulder: Westview Press.
59. Ostrom, Elinor 1990 Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Ottino, Arlette 1993 Siblingship and the Continuity of the Family in the Balinese Houseyard: The Case of a Commoner Group in a Balinese Village. Canberra Anthropology 16(1):36-65.
61. 1995 Balinese Offerings and the Social Construction of Knowledge. Paper presented at the 3rd International Bali Studies Workshop, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, July 3-7.
62. Pasternak, Burton, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember 1997 Sex, Gender and Kinship: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
63. Poats, Susan V., Marianne Schmink, and Anita Spring 1988 Linking FSR/E and Gender: An Introduction. In Gender Issues in Farming Systems Research and Extension. Susan V. Poats, Marianne Schmink, and Anita Spring, eds. Pp. 1-18. Boulder: Westview Press.
64. Quisumbing, Agnes R., Lynn R. Brown, Hilary Sims Feldstein, Lawrence Haddad, and Christine Peña 1995 Women: The Key to Food Security. Food Policy Statement 21. Electronic document, http://www.cgiar.org/ifpri/pubs/ fps/fps21.htm, accessed May 11, 2004.
65. Ramamurthy, Priti 1997 Rural Women and Irrigation: Patriarchy, Class, and the Modernizing State in South India. In Women Working in the Environment. Carolyn Sachs, ed. Pp. 103-126. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
66. Sachs, Carolyn E. 1996 Gendered Fields: Rural Women, Agriculture, and Environment. Boulder: Westview Press.
67. Spiro, Melford E. 1996 Gender & Culture: Kibbutz Women Revisited. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
68. Stivens, Maila 1988 Sexual Politics in Rembau: Female Autonomy, Matriliny, and Agrarian Change in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. In Development and Displacement: Women in Southeast Asia. Glen Chandler, Norma Sullivan, and Jan Branson, eds. Pp. 79-114. Clayton, Australia: Monash University.
69. Stone, M. Priscilla, Glenn D. Stone, and Robert McC. Netting 1995 The Sexual Division of Labor in Kofyar Agriculture. American Ethnologist 22(1):165-186.
70. Sullivan, Norma 1989 The Hidden Economy and Kampung Women. In Creating Indonesian Cultures. Paul Alexander, ed. Pp. 75-90. Sydney: University of Sydney.
71. Suryakusuma, Julia I. 1996 The State and Sexuality in New Order Indonesia. In Fantasizing the Feminine in Indonesia. Laurie J. Sears, ed. Pp. 92-119. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
72. Sutlive, Vinson, and George N. Appell 1991 Introduction. In Female and Male in Borneo: Contributions and Challenges to Gender Studies. Vinson H. Sutlive Jr., ed. Pp. xi-xlvi. Williamsburg, VA: Borneo Research Council.
73. Uphoff, Norman 1986 Improving International Irrigation Management with Farmer Participation: Getting the Process Right. Studies in Water Policy and Management, 11. Boulder: Westview Press.
74. van der Molen, Irna 2001 An Assessment of Female Participation in Minor Irrigation Systems of Sri Lanka. Working Paper 8. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute,
75. van Koppen, Barbara 2000 Gendered Water and Land Rights in Rice Valley Improvement, Burkina Faso. In Negotiating Water Rights. Bryan R. Bruns and Ruth Meinzen-Dick, eds. Pp. 83-111. New Delhi: Vistaar.
76. 2002 A Gender Performance Indicator for Irrigation: Concepts, Tools and Applications. Research Report 59. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
77. van Setten van der Meer, Nancy C. 1979 Sawah Cultivation in Ancient Java: Aspects of Development during the Indo-Javanese Period, 5th to 15th Century. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
78. Viegas, Philip, and Geeta Menon 1993 Bringing Government and People Together: Forest Protection Committees of West Bengal - Role and Participation of Women. In Women and Wasteland Development in India. Andrea M. Singh and Neera Burra, eds. Pp. 171-210. New Delhi: Sage.
79. Wilk, Richard R., ed. 1989 The Household Economy: Reconsidering the Domestic Mode of Production. Boulder: Westview Press.
80. Winzeler, Robert L. 1974 Sex Role Equality, Wet Rice Cultivation and the State in Southeast Asia. American Anthropologist 76(3):563-567.
81. 1982 Sexual Status in Southeast Asia: Comparative Perspectives on Women, Agriculture and Political Organization. In Women of Southeast Asia. Penny Van Esterik, ed. Pp. 176-213. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
82. Yasmin, Tahera 1997 What Is Different about Women's Organizations? In Getting Institutions Right for Women in Development. Anne Marie Goetz, ed. Pp. 199-211. London: Zed Books.
83. Young, Kate 1993 Planning Development with Women: Making a World of Difference. New York: St. Martin's Press.