Lake-effect snowstorms over southern Ontario, Canada, and their associated synoptic-scale environment

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 132, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 2595-2609

  Liu, A Q ^a   Moore, G W K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; LOW TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; PRESSURE EFFECTS; STORMS;

COMPOSITE ANALYSIS; LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS; SNOWSTORMS;

LAKES;

LOW PRESSURE; SNOWSTORM; SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; WINTER;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; ONTARIO; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 10244219892     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR2796.1     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Asuma, Y., K. Kikuchi, and H. Uyeda, 1997: Organizations and the interior characteristics of winter monsoon clouds by dual-polarization Doppler radar observation in Hokuriku, Japan. Atmos. Res., 43 297-314.
2. Ballentine, R. J., A. J. Stamm, E. E. Chermack, G. P. Byrd, and D. Schleede, 1998: Mesoscale model simulation of the 4-5 January 1995 lake-effect snowstorm. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 893-920.
3. Blackmon, M. L., J. M. Wallace, N. C. Lau, and S. L. Mullen, 1977: Observational study of Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1040-1053.
4. Braham, R. R., and M. J. Dungey, 1995: Lake-effect snowfall over Lake Michigan. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1009-1019.
5. Byrd, G. P., R. A. Austen, J. E. Heim, and D. M. Usinski, 1991: Mobile sounding observations of lake-effect snowbands in western and central New York. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2323-2332.
6. Carleton, A. M., 1999: Methodology in climatology. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr., 89, 713-735.
7. Carpenter, D. M., 1993: The lake effect of the Great Salt Lake-Overview and forecast problems. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 181-193.
8. Cooper, K. A., M. R. Hjelmfelt, R. G. Derickson, D. A. R. Kristovich, and N. F. Laird, 2000: Numerical simulation of transitions in boundary layer convective structures in a lake-effect snow event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3283-3295.
9. Eichenlaub, V. L., 1979: Weather and Climate of the Great Lakes Region. University of Notre Dame Press, 335 pp.
10. Ellenton, G. E., and M. B. Danard, 1979: Inclusion of sensible heating in convective parameterization applied to lake-effect snow. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 551-565.
11. Ellis, A. W., and D. J. Leathers, 1996: A synoptic climatological approach to the analysis of lake-effect snowfall: Potential forecasting applications. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 216-229.
12. Gersbunov, A., and T. P. Barnett, 1998: Interdecadal modulation of ENSO teleconnections. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2715-2725.
13. Hartmann, J., C. Kottmeier, and S. Raasch, 1997: Roll vortices and boundary-layer development during a cold air outbreak. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 84, 45-65.
14. Hjelmfelt, M. R., 1990: Numerical study of the influence of environmental conditions on lake-effect snowstorms over Lake Michigan. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 138-150.
15. Hodges, K. I., 1994: A general method for tracking analysis and its application to meteorological data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2573-2586.
16. Hodges, K. I., 1995: Feature tracking on the unit sphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3458-3465.
17. Hodges, K. I., 1999: Adaptive constraints for feature tracking. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1362-1373.
18. Holroyd, E. W., 1971: Lake-effect cloud bands as seen from weather satellites. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1165-1170.
19. Hoskins, B. J., and K. I. Hodges, 2002: New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1041-1061.
20. Hsu, H. M., 1987: Mesoscale lake-effect snowstorms in the vicinity of Lake Michigan: Linear theory and numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1019-1040.
21. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
22. Kistler, R., and Coauthors, 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247-267.
23. Kristovich, D. A. R., and Coauthors, 2000: The lake-induced convection experiment and the snowband dynamics project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 519-542.
24. Lackmann, G. M., 2001: Analysis of a surprise western New York snowstorm. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 99-116.
25. Lavoie, R. L., 1972: A mesoscale numerical model of lake-effect storms. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1025-1040.
26. Mahoney, E. A., and T. A., Niziol, 1997: BUFKIT. A software application tool kit for predicting lake-effect snow. Preprints, 13th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc. 388-391.
27. Mann, M. E., and J. M. Lees, 1996: Robust estimation of background noise and signal detection in climatic time series. Climatic Change, 33, 409-445.
28. Moore, G. W. K., K. Alverson, and G. Holdsworth, 2003: The impact that elevation has on the ENSO signal in precipitation records from the Gulf of Alaska region. Climatic Change, 59, 101-121.
29. Morrison, I., and S. Businger, 2001: Synoptic structure and evolution of a kona low. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 81-98.
30. Mullen, S. L., and D. R Baumhefner, 1988: Sensitivity of numerical simulations of explosive oceanic cyclogenesis to changes in physical parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2289-2327.
31. Nizol, T. A., 1989: Some synoptical and mesoscale interactions in a lake effect snowstorm. Proc. Winter Weather Workshop, Raleigh, NC, NOAA, 260-269.
32. Nizol, T. A., W. R. Snyder, and J. S. Waldstreicher, 1995: Winter weather forecasting throughout the eastern United States. Part IV: Lake effect snow. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 61-77.
33. Reinking, R. F., and Coauthors, 1993: The Lake Ontario Winter Storms (LOWS) Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1828-1849.
34. Renfrew, I. A., and G. W. K. Moore, 1999: An extreme cold-air outbreak over the Labrador Sea: Roll vortices and air-sea interaction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2379-2394.
35. Saulesleja, A., 1986: Great Lakes climatological reference. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 145 pp.
36. Schmidlin, T. W., and J. Kosarik, 1999: A record Ohio snowfall during 9-14 November 1996. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 1107-1116.
37. Scott, C. R J., and P. J. Sousounis, 2001: The utility of additional soundings for forecasting lake-effect snow in the Great Lakes region. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 48-462.
38. Sousounis, P. J., 1993: A numerical investigation of wind-speed effects on lake-effect storms. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 64, 261-290.
39. Sousounis, P. J., G. E. Mann, 2000: Lake-aggregate mesoscale disturbances. Part V: Impacts on lake-effect precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 728-745.
40. Steenburgh, W. J., S. F. Halvorson, and D. J. Onton, 2000: Climatology of lake-effect snowstorms of the Great Salt Lake. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 709-727.
41. Tusboki, K., Y. Fujiyoshi, and G. Wakahama, 1989: Structure of land breeze and snowfall enhancement at the leading edge. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, [ b 67, 757-770.