Seismic deformation of bar mat mechanically stabilized earth walls. I: Centrifuge tests

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 14-25

  Siddharthan, Raj V ^a   Ganeshwara, Vela ^b   Kutter, Bruce L ^c   El Desouky, Magdy ^a   Whitman, Robert V ^d  

^a University of Nevada   (United States)

^b Neblett and Associates Inc   (United States)

^c University of California   (United States)

^d MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Centrifuge; Deformation; Earth structure; Lateral displacement; Seismic response; Walls

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; AMPLIFICATION; DEFORMATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; SOILS; WALLS (STRUCTURAL PARTITIONS);

COHESIONLESS SOILS; DISPLACEMENT;

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING;

CENTRIFUGAL MODEL TEST; RETAINING WALL; SEISMIC RESPONSE;

EID: 0942291411     PISSN: 10900241     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:1(14)     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). (1996). Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, 16th Ed., Washington, D.C.
2. Arulanandan, K., and Scott, R. F., eds. (1994). Proc., Third International Conf. on the Verification of Numerical Procedures for the Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Problem, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
3. Arulmoli, K., Muraleetharan, K. K., Hossain, M. M., and Fruth, L. S. (1992). "VELACS: Verification of liquefaction analyses by centrifuge studies-laboratory testing program soil data report." The Earth Technology Corporation, Irvine, Calif
4. Bathurst, R. J., and Alfaro, M. C. (1996). "Review of seismic design, analysis and performance of geosynthetic reinforced walls, slopes and embankments." Keynote Paper, Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Earth Reinforcement, IS-Kyushu '96, Fukuoka, Japan, Vol. 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 887-918.
5. Bathurst, R. J. (1998). NCMA segmental retaining wall-seismic design manual, Ist Ed., National Concrete Masonry Association, Herndon, Va.
6. Bathurst, R. J., Cai, Z., Alfaro, M., and Pelltier, M. (1997). "Seismic design issues for geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls." Keynote Paper, Proc., Int. Symp. on Mechanically Stabilized Backfill, Denver, J. Wu, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 79-97.
7. Cai, Z., and Bathurst, R. J. (1996). "Seismic-induced permanent displacement of geosynthetic-reinforced segmental retaining walls," Can. Geotech. J., 33, 937-955.
8. Casey, J. A. (1989). "A comparison of two earth retaining systems: A dynamic centrifuge study." MS thesis, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif.
9. Chin, B. H., and Aki, K. (1991). "Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during Loma Prieta Earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects." Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 81, 1859-1884.
10. Elias, V., Christopher, B. R., and Berg, R. R. (2001). "Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes: design and construction guidelines." Rep. No. FHWA-NHI-00-043, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
11. Fairless, G. J. (1984). "Seismic performance of reinforced earth walls." Research Rep. No. 89-9, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
12. Helwany, S. M. B., Budhu, M., and McCallen, D. (2001). "Seismic analysis of segmental retaining walls. I: Model verification." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(9), 741-749.
13. Howard, W. A., Kutter, B. L., and De George, J. P. (1997). "Dynamic centrifuge testing of the reinforced soil walls: Centrifuge data." Rep. No. MSE 01-03, National Geotechnical Centrifuge, U.C. Davis, Davis, Calif.
14. Howard, W. A., Kutter, B. L., and Siddharthan, R. (1998). "Seismic deformation of reinforced soil centrifuge models." Geotechnical special publication No. 75, Vol. 1, P. Dakoulas, M. Yegian, and B. Holtz, eds., ASCE, Reston, Va., New York, 446-457.
15. Huang, C. C., and Tatsuoka, F. (2001). "Stability analysis of the geosynthetic-reinforced modular block walls damaged during the Chi-Chi Earthquake." Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (CD-ROM), San Diego.
16. Kavazanjian, E., Jr., Hushmand, B., and Martin, G. R. (1994). "Discussion of 'Dynamic interface shear strength properties of geomembranes and geotextiles'." J. Geotech. Eng., 120(2), 462-465.
17. Koga, Y., and Washida, S. (1992). "Earthquake resistant design method of geotextile reinforced embankments." Earth reinforcement practice, Ochiai, Hayashi, and Otani, eds., Proc., Int. Symp. on Earth Reinforcement Practice, Fukuoka, Japan, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 255-259.
18. Kutter, B. L. (1995). "Recent advances in centrifuge modeling of seismic shaking." Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Vol. II, 927-941.
19. Lai, C. S. (1979). "Behavior of retaining walls under seismic loading." M.E. Rep., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand.
20. Lee, K. W., and Finn, W. D. L. (1977). "DESRA-2: Dynamic effective stress response analysis of soil deposit with energy transmitting boundary including assessment of liquefaction potential." Soil mechanics series, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
21. Mitchell, J. K., and Villet, W. C. B. (1987). "Reinforcement of earth slopes and embankments." NCHRP Rep. No. 290, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
22. Newmark, N. M. (1965). "Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments." Geotechnique, 15(2), 139-160.
23. Ni, S. H., Siddharthan, R. V., and Anderson, J. G. (1997). "Characteristics of nonlinear response of deep saturated soil deposits." Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87(2), 342-355.
24. Richards, R., and Elms, D. G. (1979). "Seismic behavior of gravity retaining walls." J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 105(4), 449-464.
25. Richardson, G. N., and Lee, K. L. (1975). "Seismic design of reinforced earth walls." J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 101(2), 167-188.
26. Romstad, K. M., Kutter, B. L., Casey, J. A., and Soon, D. (1991). "Study of the stability of sound walls supported on mechanically stabilized earth and Type I retaining wall during strong earthquakes." Rep., California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, Calif.
27. Sandri, D. (1994). "Retaining walls stand up to the Northridge Earthquake." Geotech. Fabrics Rep., 12(4), 30-31.
28. Schnabel, P. B., Lysmer, J., and Seed, H. B. (1972). "SHAKE-A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites." Rep. No. EERC 72-12, College of Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
29. Schofield, A. N., and Steedman, R. S. (1988). "State-of-the-art report: recent development on dynamic model testing in geotechnical engineering." Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Vol. 3, 813-824.
30. Segrestin, P., and Bastick, M. J. (1988). "Seismic design of reinforced earth retaining walls-The contribution of finite element analysis." Proc., Int. Geotechnical Symp. on Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, Fukuoka, Japan.
31. Siddharthan, R., Ara, S., and Norris, G. M. (1992). "Simple rigid plastic model for seismic tilting of rigid walls." J. Struct. Eng., 118(2), 469-487.
32. Siddharthan, R. V., Ganeshwara, V., Kutter, B. L., El-Desouky, M., and Whitman, R. V. (2004). "Seismic deformation of bar mat mechanically stabilized earth walls. II: A multiblock model." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 130(1), 26-35.
33. Steedman, R. S. (1991). "Centrifuge modeling for dynamic geotechnical studies." Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, St. Louis, Vol. II, 2401-2417.
34. Tatsuoka, F., Tateyama, M., and Koleski, J. (1996). "Performance of soil retaining walls for railway embankments." Soils Found., 311-324.
35. Telekes, G., Sucimoto, M., and Agawa, S. (1994). "Shaking table tests on reinforced embankment models." Proc., 13th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi, India, 649-654.
36. Vucetic, M., Tufenkjian, M., and Doroudian, M. (1993). "Dynamic centrifuge testing of soil nailed excavations." Geotech. Test. J., 16(2), 172-187.
37. Wood, J., and Elms, D. G. (1990). "Seismic design of bridge abutments and retaining walls." Road and Research Unit Bulletin 84, Transit New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
38. Yegian, M. K., Harb, J. N., and Kadakal, U. (1998). "Dynamic response analyses procedure for landfills with geosynthetic liner." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(10), 1027-1033.
39. Yu, G., Anderson, J. G., and Siddharthan, R. (1993). "On the characteristics of nonlinear soil response." Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 83(1), 218-244.
40. Zeng, X., and Steedman, R. S. (2000). "Rotating block method for seismic displacement of gravity walls." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(8), 709-717.