An evacuation model: The SGEM package

Fire Safety Journal

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 169-190

  Lo, S M ^a   Fang, Z ^b   Lin, P ^a   Zhi, G S ^c  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b WUHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

AutoCAD; Crowd flow function; Evacuation model; Visualization

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; BUILDING CODES; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES; COMPUTER SIMULATION; COMPUTER SYSTEMS; DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; DIGITAL DEVICES; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; VISUALIZATION;

AUTOCAD; CROWD FLOW FUNCTION; ESCAPE SYSTEMS; EVACUATION MODELS; FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING; SPATIAL-GRID EVACUATION MODEL (SGEM);

FIRE PROTECTION;

EID: 0942266739     PISSN: 03797112     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2003.10.003     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Gwynne S., Galea E.R., Owen M., Lawrence P.J., Filippidis L. A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from built environment. Build Environ. 34(6):1999;741-749.
2. Galea E.R., Galparsoro J.M.P. EXODUS. an evacuation model for mass transport vehicles Fire Saf J. 22:1994;341-366.
3. Owen M., Galea E.R., Lawrence P.J. The EXODUS evacuation model applied to building evacuation scenarios. J Fire Prot Eng. 8(2):1996;65-86.
4. Thompson P.A., Marchant E.W. A computer model for the evacuation of large building populations. Fire Saf J. 24:1995;131-148.
5. Thompson P.A., Marchant E.W. Computer and fluid modelling of evacuation. Saf Sci. 18:1995;277-289.
6. Ketchell N., Cole S.S., Webber D.M. The EGRESS code for human movement and behaviour in emergency evacuation. Smith R.A., Dickie J.F. Engineering for crowd safety. 1993;361-370 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
7. Ketchell N, Bamford GJ, Kandola B. Evacuation modeling: a new approach. Proceedings of Asiaflam'95, Hong Kong, 1995. p. 499-505.
8. Sim D. See how they run. modeling evacuations in VR IEEE Comput Graphics Appl. 15(2):1995;11-13.
9. Lo S.M., Fang Z. A spatial-grid evacuation model for buildings. J Fire Sci. 18:2000;376-394.
10. Zhi G.S., Lo S.M., Fang Z. A graph-based algorithm for extracting regions and loops from architectural floor plans for a building evacuation model. Comput-Aided Des. 35:2003;1-14.
11. Wilson R.J. Introduction to graph theory. 1972;Academic Press, New York.
12. Smith R.A. Density, velocity and flow relationships for closely packed crowds. Saf Sci. 18:1995;321-327.
13. Ando K., Ota H., Oki T. Forecasting the flow of people (in Japanese). Railw Res Rev. 45(8):1988;8-14.
14. Predtechenskii V.M., Milinskii A.I. Planning for foot traffic flow in building. 1969;Stroiizdat Publishers, Moscow.
15. Fruin J.J. Pedestrian planning and design. 1971;Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners, New York.
16. Pauls J. Calculation evacuation time for tall buildings. Fire Saf J. 12:1987;213-236.
17. Pauls J. Movement of people. The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 2nd ed. Quincy, MA: NFPA; 1995. p. 263-85 [chapter 3].
18. Helbing D. A mathematical model for behavior of pedestrians. Behav Sci. 36:1991;299-310.
19. Helbing D., Molnar P. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys Rev E. 51:1995;4282-4286.
20. Albano E.V. Self-organized collective displacements of self-driven individuals. Phys Rev Lett. 77(10):1996;2129.
21. Helbing D., Farkas I.J., Vicsek T. Freezing by heating in driven mesoscopic system. Phys Rev Lett. 84(6):2000;1240.
22. Tajima Y., Nagatani T. Clogging transition of pedestrian flow in T-shaped channel. Physica A. 303:2002;239-250.
23. Nagatani T. Dynamical transition in merging pedestrian flow without bottleneck. Physica A. 307:2002;505-515.
24. Kouhei T., Yusuke T., Takashi N. Effect of partition line on jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow. Physica A. 308:2002;460-470.
25. Takimoto K., Nagatani T. Spatio-temporal distribution of escape time in evacuation process. Physica A. 320:2003;611-621.
26. Guide to safety at sports grounds, 2nd ed. London: HMSO; 1986.
27. Guide to safety at sports grounds, 3rd ed. London: HMSO; 1990.
28. Togawa K. Study on fire escape based on the observations of multitude currents. Report No. 4. Japan: Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction; 1955.
29. Hankin B.D., Wright R.A. Passenger flow in subways. Oper Res Q. 9(2):1985;81-88.
30. Polus A., Schofer J.L., Ushpiz A. Pedestrian flow and level of service. J Transp Eng ASCE. 109:1983;46-57.
31. Code of practice on means of escape. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Government; 1996.