Understanding risk: The planning officers' perspective

Urban Studies

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 33-55

  Snary, Christopher ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LAND USE PLANNING; PLANNING PRACTICE; PUBLIC ATTITUDE; RISK PERCEPTION;

EID: 0842322802     PISSN: 00420980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0042098032000155678     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. ARMOUR, A. M. (1992) The co-operative process: facility siting the democratic way, Plan Canada, March, pp. 29-34.
2. BARNES, B. AND BLOOR, D. (1982) Relativism, rationalism, and the sociology of knowledge, in: M. HOLLIS (Ed.) Rationality and Relativism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
3. BELLABY, P. (1990) To risk or not to risk? Uses and limitations of Mary Douglas on risk acceptability for understanding health and safety at work and road accidents, The Sociological Review, 38, pp. 465-483.
4. CAMPBELL, H. and MARSHALL, R. (1998) Acting on principle: dilemmas in planning practice, Planning Practice and Research, 13(2), pp. 117-128.
5. CAMPBELL, H. and MARSHALL, R. (2000) Moral obligations, planning and the public interest: a commentary on British planning practice, Environment and Planning B, 27, pp. 297-312.
6. CAMPBELL, H. and MARSHALL, R. (2002) Values and professional identities, in: P. ALLMENDINGER and M. TEWDWR-JONES (Eds) Planning Futures: New Directions for Planning Theory. London: Routledge.
7. COVELLO, V. T., SANDMAN, P. M. and SLOVIC, P. (1988) Risk Communication, Risk Statistics, and Risk Comparisons: A Manual for Plant Managers. Washington, DC: Chemical Manufacturers Association.
8. CULLINGWORTH, J. B. and NADIN, V. (1994) Town and Country Planning in Britain. London: Routledge.
9. DETR (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT, TRANSPORT AND REGIONS) (1997a) Planning Policy Guidance No. 23: Planning and Pollution Control. London: HMSO.
10. DETR (1997b) Planning Policy Guidance Note I (Revised): General Policy and Principle. London: HMSO.
11. DETR (1998a) Modernising Planning. London: HMSO.
12. DETR (1998b) Modern Local Government: Guidance on Enhancing Public Participation. London: HMSO.
13. DETR (1998c) Modern Government in Touch with the People. London: HMSO.
14. DETR (1998d) Modernising Local Government: Local Democracy and Community Leadership. London: HMSO.
15. DETR (1999) Planning Policy Guidance Note 10: Planning and Waste Management. London: HMSO.
16. DETR (2000) Waste Strategy 2000, England and Wales, Parts 1 and 2. London: HMSO.
17. DOE (DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT) (1991)The Planning and Compensation Act 1991. London: HMSO.
18. DOUGLAS, M. (1966) Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Conceptions of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.
19. DOUGLAS, M. (1978) Cultural bias. Occasional Paper No. 35, Royal Anthropological Institute, London.
20. DOUGLAS, M. and WILDAVSKY, A. (1982) Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
21. DTI (DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY) (1990) Electricity and Pipe-line Works (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1990 (SI No. 1990/442). London: HMSO.
22. ESSEX, S. (1996) Members and officers in the planning policy process, in: M. TEWDWR-JONES (Ed.) British Planning Policy in Transition, pp. 156-157. London: University College London Press.
23. ETRASC (ENVIRONMENT, TRANSPORT AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS SELECT COMMITTEE) (2001) Delivering Sustainable Waste Management. London: ETRASC.
24. FISCHHOFF, B. (1995) Risk perception and communication unplugged: twenty years of process, Risk Analysis, 15(2), pp. 137-145.
25. FISCHHOFF, B., SLOVIC, P. and LICHTENSTEIN, S. (1979) Weighting the risks, Environment, 21(4), pp. 17-38.
26. FISCHHOFF, B., WATSON, S. and HOPE, C. (1984) Defining risk, Policy Sciences, 17, pp. 123-139.
27. FORESTER, J. (1989) Planning in the Face of Power. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
28. FORESTER, J. (1999) The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
29. GRANT, M. (2000) Human rights and due process in planning, Journal of Planning and Environment Law, December, pp. 1215-1225.
30. HACKING, I. (1983) Representing and Intervening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. HAMPSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL (2000) Committee report on the proposed construction of an integrated waste management facility at Marchwood Industrial Park, Normandy Way, Marchwood, Hampshire. Hampshire: Hampshire County Council.
32. HEALEY, P. (1997) Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies. London: Macmillan.
33. HESSE, M. (1974) The Structure of Scientific Inference. London: Macmillan.
34. HIRCHHORN, J. S. (1984) Siting hazardous waste facilities, Hazardous Waste, 1, pp. 423-429.
35. HMIP (HER MAJESTY'S INSPECTORATE OF POLLUTION) (1996) Risk Assessment of Dioxin Releases from Municipal Waste Incineration Processes. HMIP/CPR2/41/l/181.
36. INNES, J. (1995) Planning theory's emerging paradigm: communicative action and interactive practice. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 14(3), pp. 183-190.
37. JOHNSON, B. B. (1987) The environmentalist movement and grid/group analysis: a modest critique, in: B. B. JOHNSON and V. T. COVELLO (Eds) The Social and Cultural Construction of Risk. Dordrecht: Reidel.
38. JPL (JOURNAL OF PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT LAW) (1995) Gateshead MBC v. Secretary of State for the Environment (Court of Appeal, Glidewell, Hoffman and Hobhouse, L. JJ., May 21st 1994), pp. 432-440.
39. JPL (1998a) R. v. Broadland District Council, St Matthew Society Ltd and Peddars Way Housing Association, ex-parte Dove, Harpley and Wright (Queen's Bench Division, Mr G Bartlett Q.C. sitting as Deputy Judge, January 26 1998), pp. B84-B86.
40. JPL (1998b) West Midlands Probation Committee v. Secretary of State for the Environment and Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council (Court of Appeal, Hirst, Swinton Thomas, Pill, L. JJ., November 7th 1997), pp. 388-398.
41. JPL (JOURNAL OF PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT LAW) (1998c) Newport County Borough Council v. Secretary of State for Wales and Browning and Ferris Environmental Services Ltd. (Court of Appeal, Staughton L.J., Aldous L.J., Hutchinson L.J., June 18th 1997), pp. 377-387.
42. KEMP, R. (1992) The Politics of Radioactive Waste Disposal. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
43. KENT COUNTY COUNCIL (2000) Committee report on application SW/99/77 for an Integrated Waste Management Facility at Ridham Dock, Sittingbourne. Kent: Kent County Council.
44. KINGSTON-UPON-HULL CITY COUNCIL (2001) Committee report on application the Foster Street Waste-to-energy Facility. Hull: Kingston-upon-Hull City Council.
45. KRAFT, M. E. and CLARY, B. B. (1991) Citizen participation and the NIMBY syndrome: public response to radioactive waste disposal. The Western Political Quarterly, 44, pp. 299-328.
46. KRIMSKY, S. and GOLDING, D. (Eds) Social Theories of Risk. Connecticut: Praeger.
47. KUHN, R. G. and BALLARD, K. R. (1998) Canadian innovations in siting hazardous waste management facilities, Environmental Management, 22(4), pp. 533-545.
48. KUHN, T. (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
49. LAYFIELD, F. (1990) Material considerations in planning: the law, Journal of Planning and Environment Law Occasional Paper 17, pp. 6-16.
50. LOWNDES, V., PRATCHETT, L. and STOKER, G. (2001a) Trends in public participation, part 1: local government perspectives, Public Administration, 78, pp. 205-222.
51. LOWNDES, V., PRATCHETT, L. and STOKER, G. (2001b) Trends in public participation, part 2: citizens' perspectives, Public Administration, 79, pp. 445-455.
52. MCPHERSON, J. (2001) Report to the Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions: appeal by Hampshire Waste Services Limited against the decision of Portsmouth City Council to refuse an application for an energy front waste incinerator at Quartermaine Road, Portsmouth. Bristol: The Planning Inspectorate.
53. MOORE, V. (2002) A Practical Approach to Planning Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
54. NRC (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL) (1983) Risk Assessment in Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
55. NSCA (NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR CLEAN AIR AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION) (2001) The Public Acceptability of Incineration. Brighton: NSCAEP.
56. PETTS, J. (1992) Incineration risk perceptions and public concern: experience in the UK improving risk communication, Waste Management and Research, 10, pp. 169-182.
57. PETTS, J. (1995) Waste management strategy development: a case study of community involvement and consensus building in Hampshire, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 38(4), pp. 519-536.
58. PETTS, J., GERRARD, S., MURRELL, L. ET AL,. (1996) Perceptions and communication: issues for waste management. Research report for the DoE, Report No. CWM 151/96.
59. PIATT, A. (1997) Public concern: a material planning consideration?, Journal of Planning and Environment Law, pp. 397-400.
60. PORTSMOUTH CITY COUNCIL (2000) Committee report A*29026/AF on the Portsmouth Waste Incinerator, Quartermaine Road, Hilsea. Portsmouth: Portsmouth City Council.
61. PURDUE, M. (1989) Material considerations: an ever expanding concept?, Journal of Planning and Environment Law, pp. 156-161.
62. RAYNER, S. (1992) Cultural theory and risk analysis, in: S. KRIMSKY and D. GOLDING (Eds) Social Theories of Risk, pp. 83-115. Connecticut: Praeger.
63. RCEP (ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION) (1993) Incineration of Waste Seventeenth Report. London: HMSO.
64. REIN, M. and SCHON, D. (1993) Reframing policy discourse, in: F. FISCHER and J. FORESTER (Eds) The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning, pp. 145-166. London: UCL Press.
65. RENN, O. (1992) Concepts of risk: a classification, in: S. KRIMSKY and D. GOLDING (Eds) Social Theories of Risk. Connecticut: Praeger.
66. RENN, O., WEBLER, T. and WIEDEMANN, P. (Eds) (1995) Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation: Evaluating Models for Environmental Discourse. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
67. ROYAL SOCIETY (1992) Risk: analysis, perception and management. Report of a Royal Society Study Group. London: Royal Society.
68. RYDIN, Y. (2003) Conflict, Consensus, and Rationality in Environmental Planning: An Institutional Discourse Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
69. SCHWARZ, M. and THOMPSON, M. (1990) Divided We Stand: Redefining Politics, Technology and Social Choice. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester.
70. SLOVIC, P., LICHTENSTEIN, S. and FISCHHOFF, B. (1985) Characterising perceived risk, in: R. KATES, C. HOHENSMSER, and J. KASPERSON (Eds) Perilous Progress: Managing the Hazards of Technology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
71. SNARY, C. (2000) A planned risk? An examination of the effectiveness of risk assessment and communication in the waste incinerator planning process. Unpublished PhD thesis, Oxford Brookes University.
72. SNARY, C. (2002a) Risk communication and the waste-to-energy incinerator environmental impact assessment process: a UK case study of public involvement, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 45(2), pp. 267-283.
73. SNARY, C. (2002b) Health risk assessment for planned waste incinerators: getting the right science and the science right, Risk Analysis, 22(6), pp. 1095-1105.
74. STANLEY, N. (1998) Public concern: the decision-makers' dilemma, Journal of Planning and Environment Law, October, pp. 919-934.
75. STARR, C. (1969) Social benefit versus technological risk: what is our society willing to pay for safety?, Science, 165, pp. 1232-1238.
76. TANSEY, T. and O'RIORDAN, T. (1999) Cultural theory and risk: a review, Health, Risk and Society, 1(1), pp. 71-90.
77. TEWDWR-JONES, M. (1999) Reasserting town planning: challenging the representation and image of the planning profession, in: P. ALL-MENDINGER and M. CHAPMAN (Eds) Planning Beyond 2000, pp. 123-150. Chichester: Wiley.
78. TEWDWR-JONES, M. (2002) Personal dynamics, distinctive frames and communicative planning, in: P. ALLMENDINGER and M. TEWDWR-JONES (Eds) Planning Futures: New Directions for Planning Theory, pp. 65-92. London: Routledge.
79. TEWDWR-JONES, M. and THOMAS, H. (1998) Collaborative action in local plan making: planners' perceptions of 'planning through debate', Environment and Planning B, 25(1), pp. 127-144.
80. THOMAS, H. (1996) Public participation in planning, in: M. TEWDWR-JONES (Ed.) British Planning Policy in Transition, pp. 168-188. London: UCL Press.
81. THOMPSON, M. (1982) The problem of the centre, in: M. DOUGLAS (Ed.) Essays in the Sociology of Perception, pp. 302-327. London: Routledge.
82. THOMPSON, M., ELLIS, R. and WILDAVSKY, A. (1990) Cultural Theory. Boulder, CO: Westview.
83. TVERSKY, A. and KAHNEMANN, D. (1974) Availability: a heuristic for judging frequency and probability, Science, 185, pp. 1124-1131.
84. WESTON, J. (2000) EIA, decision-making theory and screening and scoping in UK practice, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(2), pp. 185-203.
85. WOOD, C. and JONES, C. (1997) The effect of environmental assessment on UK local planning authority decisions, Urban Studies, 34(8), pp.1237-1257.
86. WYNNE, B. (1992) Risk and social learning, in: S. KRIMSKY and D. GOLDING (Eds) Social Theories of Risk, pp. 275-297. Connecticut: Praeger.
87. WYNNE, B. (1996) May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert-lay knowledge divide, in: S. LASH, B. SZERSZYNSKI and B. WYNNE (Eds) Risk, Environment and Modernity: Towards a New Ecology, pp. 44-83. London: Sage.