메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 144-151

Induced spermiation in 3-year-old sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L.

Author keywords

Acipenser ruthenus; Fish; hCG; LHRH; Reproduction; Sperm; Sturgeon

Indexed keywords

AQUACULTURE; FISH CULTURE; HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY; SPERM;

EID: 0842313170     PISSN: 1355557X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.00995.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0141746761 scopus 로고
    • Gametogenesis and sexual cycles of Siberian sturgeon in wild and experimental conditions
    • Sciences Edition, (in Russian). Nauka Press, Moscow
    • Akimova N.V. (1985) Gametogenesis and sexual cycles of Siberian sturgeon in wild and experimental conditions. In: Peculiarities in the Cycle of Reproduction of Fish under Different Latitude Conditions, Sciences Edition, pp. 111-122 (in Russian). Nauka Press, Moscow.
    • (1985) Peculiarities in the Cycle of Reproduction of Fish under Different Latitude Conditions , pp. 111-122
    • Akimova, N.V.1
  • 2
    • 0842300774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone to characterize pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in white sturgeons (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson)
    • Amiri M.B., Adams T.E., Doroshov S.I. & Moberg G.P. (1999) Use of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone to characterize pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in white sturgeons (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 15, 318.
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Ichthyology , vol.15 , pp. 318
    • Amiri, M.B.1    Adams, T.E.2    Doroshov, S.I.3    Moberg, G.P.4
  • 3
    • 0001906513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental design and statistical analysis in research on fish reproduction
    • Babiak I. (1998) Experimental design and statistical analysis in research on fish reproduction. Archives of Polish Fisheries 6, 5-34.
    • (1998) Archives of Polish Fisheries , vol.6 , pp. 5-34
    • Babiak, I.1
  • 4
    • 0842343852 scopus 로고
    • Influence of luliberin on pituitary gonadotropocytes state and dynamics of serum gonadotropin concentrations in stell sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Ballus)
    • in Russian
    • Barannikova I.A. & Bukovskaya O.S. (1990) Influence of luliberin on pituitary gonadotropocytes state and dynamics of serum gonadotropin concentrations in stell sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Ballus). Voprosy Ichtiologii 30, 126-136 (in Russian).
    • (1990) Voprosy Ichtiologii , vol.30 , pp. 126-136
    • Barannikova, I.A.1    Bukovskaya, O.S.2
  • 5
    • 0842322194 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal control of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) reproduction
    • (ed. by A.P. Scott J.P. Sumpter, D.E. Kime & M.S. Rolfe), Norwich, UK, 7-12 July 1991, FishSymp 91, Sheffield, UK
    • Barannikova I.A. & Bukovskaya O.S. (1991) Hormonal control of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) reproduction. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ed. by A.P. Scott J.P. Sumpter, D.E. Kime & M.S. Rolfe), Norwich, UK, 7-12 July 1991, pp. 22-24. FishSymp 91, Sheffield, UK.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish , pp. 22-24
    • Barannikova, I.A.1    Bukovskaya, O.S.2
  • 6
    • 0842343853 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal control of the reproductive function of stur geons (Chondrostei)
    • (ed. by C.J.J. Richter & H.J.T. Roos), Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2-6 August 1982, Goos, Pudoc, Wageningen
    • Barannikova I.A., Bukovskaya O.S. & Efimova N.A. (1982) Hormonal control of the reproductive function of stur geons (Chondrostei). In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ed. by C.J.J. Richter & H.J.T. Roos), Wageningen, the Netherlands, 2-6 August 1982, p. 49. Goos, Pudoc, Wageningen.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish , pp. 49
    • Barannikova, I.A.1    Bukovskaya, O.S.2    Efimova, N.A.3
  • 7
    • 0842300777 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt) maturation induced by LH-RH and the possibilities of its application in sturgeon culture
    • in Russian
    • Barannikova I.A., Boev A.A., Bukovskaya O.S., Efimova N.A. & Presnov D.I. (1989) Analysis of sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt) maturation induced by LH-RH and the possibilities of its application in sturgeon culture. Voprosy Ichtiologii 29, 439-447 (in Russian).
    • (1989) Voprosy Ichtiologii , vol.29 , pp. 439-447
    • Barannikova, I.A.1    Boev, A.A.2    Bukovskaya, O.S.3    Efimova, N.A.4    Presnov, D.I.5
  • 8
    • 0027331707 scopus 로고
    • Sturgeons and paddlefishes: Threatened fishes in need of conservation
    • Birstein V.J. (1993) Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conservation Biology 7, 773-787.
    • (1993) Conservation Biology , vol.7 , pp. 773-787
    • Birstein, V.J.1
  • 11
    • 0001946475 scopus 로고
    • Hybridization and selection of sturgeon during full cycle breeding and domestication
    • ed. by V.S. Kirpichnikov. Nauka, Leningrad, Russia (in Russian)
    • Burtsev I.A. (1983) Hybridization and selection of sturgeon during full cycle breeding and domestication. In: Biological Foundations of Fish Culture: Problems of Genetics and Selections (ed. by V.S. Kirpichnikov). pp. 102-113. Nauka, Leningrad, Russia (in Russian).
    • (1983) Biological Foundations of Fish Culture: Problems of Genetics and Selections , pp. 102-113
    • Burtsev, I.A.1
  • 12
    • 0035687737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The culture of sturgeons in Russia: Production of juveniles for stocking and meat for human consumption
    • Chebanov M. & Billard R. (2001) The culture of sturgeons in Russia: production of juveniles for stocking and meat for human consumption. Aquatic Living Resource 14, 375-381.
    • (2001) Aquatic Living Resource , vol.14 , pp. 375-381
    • Chebanov, M.1    Billard, R.2
  • 14
    • 0001604504 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of sperm concentration of rainbow trout, whitefish and yellow perch using spectrophotometric technique
    • Ciereszko A. & Dabrowski K. (1993) Estimation of sperm concentration of rainbow trout, whitefish and yellow perch using spectrophotometric technique. Aquaculture 109, 1292-1305.
    • (1993) Aquaculture , vol.109 , pp. 1292-1305
    • Ciereszko, A.1    Dabrowski, K.2
  • 16
    • 23544468277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An accelerated maturation of males of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) in the Dolna Odra power station cooling water
    • (ed. by L.S. Krajuszkina), St Petersburg, Russia, 3-6 December 2000, (in Russian). St Petersburg University Publ., St Petersburg
    • Domagała J. & Rzemieniecki A. (2000) An accelerated maturation of males of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) in the Dolna Odra power station cooling water. In: Proceedings of International Symposium (Ekologicheskie i funktsionalnye ocnovy adaptatsii gidrobiontov) (ed. by L.S. Krajuszkina), St Petersburg, Russia, 3-6 December 2000, pp. 23-24 (in Russian). St Petersburg University Publ., St Petersburg.
    • (2000) Proceedings of International Symposium (Ekologicheskie I Funktsionalnye Ocnovy Adaptatsii Gidrobiontov) , pp. 23-24
    • Domagała, J.1    Rzemieniecki, A.2
  • 17
    • 0021534922 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary data of the induction of ovulation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson)
    • Doroshov S.I. & Lutes P.B. (1984) Preliminary data of the induction of ovulation in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson). Aquaculture 38, 221-227.
    • (1984) Aquaculture , vol.38 , pp. 221-227
    • Doroshov, S.I.1    Lutes, P.B.2
  • 18
    • 0030904961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of the reproductive cycle of the cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus
    • Doroshov S.I., Moberg G.P. & Van Eenennaam J.P. (1997) Observations of the reproductive cycle of the cultured white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 48, 265-278.
    • (1997) Environmental Biology of Fishes , vol.48 , pp. 265-278
    • Doroshov, S.I.1    Moberg, G.P.2    Van Eenennaam, J.P.3
  • 19
    • 0842343851 scopus 로고
    • Use of vitellogenin level as a maturational indicator for artificial spawning of cultured hybrid sturgeon Huso huso O x Acipenser O.
    • (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France 3-6 October 1989, Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France
    • Fujii K., Hirose K., Hara A., Shiraishi M. & Maruyama T. (1989) Use of vitellogenin level as a maturational indicator for artificial spawning of cultured hybrid sturgeon Huso huso O x Acipenser O. In: Acipenser (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France 3-6 October 1989, p. 33. Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France.
    • (1989) Acipenser , pp. 33
    • Fujii, K.1    Hirose, K.2    Hara, A.3    Shiraishi, M.4    Maruyama, T.5
  • 22
    • 0002706408 scopus 로고
    • Induced oocyte maturation, ovulation end spermiation in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) using synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
    • (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France
    • Goncharov B.F., Igoumnova L.V., Poloupan I.S. & Savelieva E.A. (1989) Induced oocyte maturation, ovulation end spermiation in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) using synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In: Acipenser. (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, p. 34. Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France.
    • (1989) Acipenser , pp. 34
    • Goncharov, B.F.1    Igoumnova, L.V.2    Poloupan, I.S.3    Savelieva, E.A.4
  • 23
    • 0000359086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hatchery testing of GnRH analogue-containing pellets on ovulation in four cyprinid species
    • Horvath L., Szabo T. & Burke J. (1997) Hatchery testing of GnRH analogue-containing pellets on ovulation in four cyprinid species. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 44, 221-226.
    • (1997) Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii , vol.44 , pp. 221-226
    • Horvath, L.1    Szabo, T.2    Burke, J.3
  • 24
    • 0004881284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenile growth of Acipenser ruthenus and 4 different sturgeon hybrids
    • Jähnichen H., Kohlmann K. & Rennert B. (1999a) Juvenile growth of Acipenser ruthenus and 4 different sturgeon hybrids. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 15, 248-249.
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Ichthyology , vol.15 , pp. 248-249
    • Jähnichen, H.1    Kohlmann, K.2    Rennert, B.3
  • 27
    • 0842279056 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology of sturgeon reproduction and principal scheme of sturgeon plant
    • ed. by E.N. Pavlovski, Academy of Sciences Publishers, Moscow, Russia (in Russian)
    • Kozhin N.J., Gerbilskij N.L. & Kazanskij B.N. (1963) Biotechnology of sturgeon reproduction and principal scheme of sturgeon plant. In: Sturgeon Culture in the USSR (ed. by E.N. Pavlovski), pp. 14-31. Academy of Sciences Publishers, Moscow, Russia (in Russian).
    • (1963) Sturgeon Culture in the USSR , pp. 14-31
    • Kozhin, N.J.1    Gerbilskij, N.L.2    Kazanskij, B.N.3
  • 28
    • 27344437237 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytological determination of luliberinergic structures in the brain of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus
    • (ed. by L.P. Rizkov), Petrozavodsk, Russia, 30 September-3 October 1992, Academy of Sciences Publishers, Petrozavodsk, Russia
    • Kuzik V.V., Sharov A.B., Slerko B. & Polenov A.L. (1992) Immunocytological determination of luliberinergic structures in the brain of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Ecological Physiology and Biochemistry of Fish (ed. by L.P. Rizkov), Petrozavodsk, Russia, 30 September-3 October 1992, pp. 169-170. Academy of Sciences Publishers, Petrozavodsk, Russia.
    • (1992) Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Ecological Physiology and Biochemistry of Fish , pp. 169-170
    • Kuzik, V.V.1    Sharov, A.B.2    Slerko, B.3    Polenov, A.L.4
  • 29
    • 0027365373 scopus 로고
    • Comparative distribution of mammalian GnRH (Gonadortophin-releasing hormone) and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of immature Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)
    • Leprêtre E., Anglade I., Williot P., Vandesande F., Tramu G. & Kah O. (1993) Comparative distribution of mammalian GnRH (Gonadortophin- releasing hormone) and chicken GnRH-II in the brain of immature Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). Journal of Comparative Neurology 337, 568-583.
    • (1993) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.337 , pp. 568-583
    • Leprêtre, E.1    Anglade, I.2    Williot, P.3    Vandesande, F.4    Tramu, G.5    Kah, O.6
  • 31
    • 0034479177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spermation in paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Acipenseriformes) stimulated with iniection of LHRH analogue and carp pituitary powder
    • Linhart O., Mims S.D., Gomelsky B., Hiott A.E., Shelton W.L., Cosson J., Rodina M. & Gela D. (2000) Spermation in paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Acipenseriformes) stimulated with iniection of LHRH analogue and carp pituitary powder. Aquatic Living Resource 13, 455-460.
    • (2000) Aquatic Living Resource , vol.13 , pp. 455-460
    • Linhart, O.1    Mims, S.D.2    Gomelsky, B.3    Hiott, A.E.4    Shelton, W.L.5    Cosson, J.6    Rodina, M.7    Gela, D.8
  • 32
    • 0006665627 scopus 로고
    • Induced propagation in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.)
    • (ed. by Z. Adámek & M. Flajšhans), Vodňany, Czechoslovakia, 2-4 March 1992, VURH Publ., Vodňany
    • Nevický O. & Mészáros J. (1992) Induced propagation in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.). In: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Fish Reproduction '92 (ed. by Z. Adámek & M. Flajšhans), Vodňany, Czechoslovakia, 2-4 March 1992, pp. 33-34. VURH Publ., Vodňany.
    • (1992) Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Fish Reproduction '92 , pp. 33-34
    • Nevický, O.1    Mészáros, J.2
  • 35
    • 23544475501 scopus 로고
    • Results of the early and seasonal propagation of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) treated with sturgeon hypophysis and GnRH-analogue
    • (ed. by Z. Adámek & M. Flajšhans), Vodňany, Czechoslovakia, 2-4 March 1992, VURH Publ., Vodňany
    • Rónyai A. (1992) Results of the early and seasonal propagation of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) treated with sturgeon hypophysis and GnRH-analogue. In: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Fish Reproduction '92 (ed. by Z. Adámek & M. Flajšhans), Vodňany, Czechoslovakia, 2-4 March 1992, pp. 28-32. VURH Publ., Vodňany.
    • (1992) Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Fish Reproduction '92 , pp. 28-32
    • Rónyai, A.1
  • 36
    • 23544475246 scopus 로고
    • Comparative trial on the growth of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) and that of the hybrid of sterlet and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus x Acipenser baeri Brandt)
    • (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon, Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films. Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France
    • Rónyai A., Ruttkay A., Varadi L. & Peteri A. (1989a) Comparative trial on the growth of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) and that of the hybrid of sterlet and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus x Acipenser baeri Brandt). In: Acipenser (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon, Summaries of Oral Communications, Posters, Films. Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, p. 37. Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France.
    • (1989) Acipenser , pp. 37
    • Rónyai, A.1    Ruttkay, A.2    Varadi, L.3    Peteri, A.4
  • 37
    • 23544436043 scopus 로고
    • Results of the large scale production of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) hybrid
    • (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications. Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France
    • Rónyai A., Ruttkay A., Varadi L. & Peteri A. (1989b) Results of the large scale production of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt) and sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) hybrid. In: Acipenser (ed. by P. Williot). First International Symposium on the Sturgeon. Summaries of Oral Communications. Posters, Films, Bordeaux, France, 3-6 October 1989, p. 43. Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France.
    • (1989) Acipenser , pp. 43
    • Rónyai, A.1    Ruttkay, A.2    Varadi, L.3    Peteri, A.4
  • 38
    • 0037451663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic optimization modeling of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar and meat production under different management conditions
    • Sanders B.J., Fadel J.G. & Wade E.M. (2003) Economic optimization modeling of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) caviar and meat production under different management conditions. Aquaculture 217, 409-430.
    • (2003) Aquaculture , vol.217 , pp. 409-430
    • Sanders, B.J.1    Fadel, J.G.2    Wade, E.M.3
  • 39
    • 0026040697 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in bony fish that are phylogenetically ancient: Reedfish (Calamoichthys calabaricus), sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and alligator gar (Lepisosteus spatula)
    • Sherwood N.M., Doroshov S. & Lance V (1991) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in bony fish that are phylogenetically ancient: Reedfish (Calamoichthys calabaricus), sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and alligator gar (Lepisosteus spatula). General and Comparative Endocrinology 84, 44-57.
    • (1991) General and Comparative Endocrinology , vol.84 , pp. 44-57
    • Sherwood, N.M.1    Doroshov, S.2    Lance, V.3
  • 40
    • 0001413285 scopus 로고
    • Acipenser ruthenus Linneaus
    • ed. by J. Holcik, AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden
    • Sokolov L.I. & Vasiliev V.P. (1989) Acipenser ruthenus Linneaus. In: The Freshwater Fishes of Europe (ed. by J. Holcik), Vol. I/II (pp. 227-262. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
    • (1989) The Freshwater Fishes of Europe , vol.1-2 , pp. 227-262
    • Sokolov, L.I.1    Vasiliev, V.P.2
  • 41
    • 0037127064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Asia: Caspian ecology teeters on the brink
    • Stone R. (2002a) Central Asia: caspian ecology teeters on the brink. Science 295, 430-433.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 430-433
    • Stone, R.1
  • 42
    • 0037155946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspian Sea: Scientists Deplore OK for Sturgeon Catch
    • Stone R. (2002b) Caspian Sea: Scientists Deplore OK for Sturgeon Catch. Science 295, 2191.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2191
    • Stone, R.1
  • 43
    • 0842279058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One beluga, two beluga
    • Stone R. & Mervis J. (2002) One beluga, two beluga. Science 296, 449.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 449
    • Stone, R.1    Mervis, J.2
  • 44
    • 0031148593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of Caviar and Meat Production from White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)
    • Wade E.M. & Fadel J.G. (1997) Optimization of Caviar and Meat Production from White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Agricultural Systems 54, 1-21.
    • (1997) Agricultural Systems , vol.54 , pp. 1-21
    • Wade, E.M.1    Fadel, J.G.2
  • 45
    • 0033564314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations on the effects of holding temperature on reproductive performance of female white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson
    • Webb M.A.H., Van Eenennaam J.P., Doroshov S.I. & Moberg G.P. (1999) Preliminary observations on the effects of holding temperature on reproductive performance of female white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson. Aquaculture 176, 315-329.
    • (1999) Aquaculture , vol.176 , pp. 315-329
    • Webb, M.A.H.1    Van Eenennaam, J.P.2    Doroshov, S.I.3    Moberg, G.P.4
  • 46
    • 0001936706 scopus 로고
    • Management of female spawners of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt: First results
    • ed. by P. Williot, Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France
    • Williot P., Brun R., Roualt T. & Tooryck O. (1991) Management of female spawners of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt: first results. In: Acipenser (ed. by P. Williot), pp. 365-379. Cemagerf, Bordeaux, France.
    • (1991) Acipenser , pp. 365-379
    • Williot, P.1    Brun, R.2    Roualt, T.3    Tooryck, O.4
  • 47
    • 0034715338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of testis state, temperature and delay in semen collection on spermatozoa motility in the cultured Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt)
    • Williot P., Kopeika E.F. & Goncharov B.F. (2000) Influence of testis state, temperature and delay in semen collection on spermatozoa motility in the cultured Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt). Aquaculture 189, 53-61.
    • (2000) Aquaculture , vol.189 , pp. 53-61
    • Williot, P.1    Kopeika, E.F.2    Goncharov, B.F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.