Effectiveness of an enhanced deluge system to protect LPG tanks and sensitivity to blocked nozzles and delayed deluge initiation

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 151-158

  Roberts, T A ^a  

^a HEALTH AND SAFETY LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Directed water deluge; Fire protection; Jet fires; LPG; Propane

Indexed keywords

BUTANE; FIRE PROTECTION; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; NOZZLES; PROPANE;

WATER DELUGE SYSTEMS;

GAS FUEL STORAGE;

FIRE FIGHTING; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; NOZZLE; STORAGE TANK; WATER JET;

EID: 0842290975     PISSN: 09504230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2003.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (10)

1. Blything, K. W. (1983). The fire hazards and counter measures for the protection of pressurized liquid petroleum gas storage on industrial sites. UKAEA Report SRD R 263.
2. Davies, G. F., & Nolan, P. F. (2004a). The water film depth and water flow rate on the surface of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tank protected by a water deluge system. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2003.10.002.
3. Davies, G. F., & Nolan, P. F. (2004b). Development of a model to predict the water distribution on the surface of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tank protected by a water deluge system. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2003.10.008.
4. Fire Offices' Committee. (1979). Tentative rules for medium and high velocity water spray systems. (Not formally published)
5. LP Gas Association. (1998). Code of practice 1, Bulk LPG storage at fixed installations part 1: Design, installation and operation of vessels located above ground.
6. National Fire Protection Association Water spray fixed systems for fire protection 1996 NFPA Boston, USA
7. Roberts, T. A. (2004). Directed deluge system designs and determination of the effectiveness of the currently recommended minimum deluge rate for the protection of LPG tanks. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2003.10.005.
8. Roberts T.A. Buckland I. Beckett H. Directed water deluge protection of liquefied petroleum gas vessels IChemE symposium series 148 2001 193 212 ISBN 0-85295-441-7
9. Roberts T.A. Gosse A. Hawksworth S. Thermal radiation from fireballs on failure of liquefied petroleum gas storage vessels Transactions of the IChemE. Hazards Vol. 78, Part B 2000 184 192
10. Shirvill, L. C. (2004). Efficacy of water spray protection against propane and butane jet fires impinging on LPG storage vessels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2003.10.004.