Consensus on the prehospital approach to burns patient management

Emergency Medicine Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 112-114

  Allison, K ^a   Porter, K ^a  

^a Royal College of Surgeons   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIEMETIC AGENT; DIAMORPHINE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NITROUS OXIDE PLUS OXYGEN;

AIRWAY; ANALGESIA; BREATHING; BURN; BURN DRESSING; CANNULATION; CERVICAL SPINE; CIRCULATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COOLING; CRYOTHERAPY; DISEASE SEVERITY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FLUID THERAPY; HUMAN; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT TRANSPORT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REHYDRATION; REVIEW; SPINE STABILIZATION;

ANALGESIA; BANDAGES; BURNS; COLD; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; HUMANS; TRANSPORTATION OF PATIENTS; TRIAGE;

EID: 0842286461     PISSN: 14720205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/emj.2003.008789     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. National Burn Care Review. National burn care review, 2000. http://www.baps.co.uk/documents/nbcr.pdf.
2. Allison K. The UK pre-hospital management of burn patients: Current practice and the need for a standard approach. Burns 2002;28:135-42.
3. Greaves I, Porter K, eds Scene approach, assessment and safety. Pre-hospital Medicine. The Principles and Practice of Immediate Care. London: Arnold, 1999:273-9.
4. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. Pre-hospital Trauma Life Support Manual. Clinton MS: NAEMT, 1994.
5. Greaves IHTPK, ed. Basic life support. In: Emergency Care a Textbook for Paramedics. London: WB Saunders, 1997:17-26.
6. IHCD. Ambulance Service Paramedic Training 3. Bristol: IHCD, 1994.
7. IHCD. Ambulance Service Basic Training. Bristol: IHCD, 1991.
8. Nguyen NL, Gun RT, Sparnon AL, et al. The importance of immediate cooling - A case series of childhood burns in Vietnam. Burns 2002;28:173-6.
9. Nguyen NL, Gun RT, Sparnon AL, et al. The importance of initial management: A case series of childhood burns in Vietnam. Burns 2002;28:167-72.
10. Jandera V, Hudson DA, De Wet PM, et al. Cooling the burn wound: Evaluation of different modalities. Burns 2000;26:265-70.
11. Sawada Y, Urushidate S, Yotsuyanagi T, et al. Is prolonged and excessive cooling of a scalded wound effective? Burns 1997;23:55-8.
12. Lawrence JC. First-aid measures for the treatment of burns and scalds. J Wound Care 1996;5:319-22.
13. Hodson AH. Treating burns by initial cooling. J R Soc Med 1992;85:121.
14. Latarjet J. [Immediate cooling with water: Emergency treatment of burns]. Pediatrie (Bucur) 1990;45:237-9.
15. Lawrence JC. British Burn Association recommended first aid for burns and scalds. Burns, Including Thermal Injury 1987;13:153.
16. Clayton MC, Solem LD. No ice, no butter. Advice on management of burns for primary care physicians. Postgrad Med 1995;97:151-60, 165.
17. Demling RH, Mazess RB, Wolberg W. The effect of immediate and delayed cold immersion on burn edema formation and resorption. J Trauma 1979;19:56-60.
18. Kravitz H. Cooling as first aid for burns. [Letter]. Pediatrics 1974;53:766.
19. Kravitz H. First-aid therapy for burns - Cool it: Need to instruct laymen. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1970;9:695-7.
20. Australian and New Zealand Burn Association. Emergency Management of Severe Burns Course Manual. Sydney: ANZBA, 1996.
21. St. John Ambulance, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association and the British Red Cross. First Aid Manual. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.
22. Judkins KC. Thermal injury. In: Greaves I, Porter K, eds. Pre-hospital Medicine the Principles and Practice of Immediate Care. London: Arnold, 1999:375-87.
23. Greaves IHTPK, ed. Burns. In: Emergency Care a Textbook for Paramedics. London: WB Saunders, 1997:270-8.
24. Raine TJ, Heggers JP, Robson MC, et al. Cooling the burn wound to maintain microcirculation. J Trauma 1981;21:394-7.
25. Jelenko C III, Jennings WD Jr, O'Kelley WR III, et al. Threshold burning effects on distant microcirculation: Presence of a passively transferrable, nondialyzable arteriolar constrictor substance in blood of burned patients. Am Surg 1974;40:388-91.
26. Jelenko C III, Jennings WD Jr, O'Kelley WR III, et al. Threshold burning effects on distant microcirculation. II. The relationship of area burnt to microvascular size. Arch Surg 1973;106:317-19.
27. Jelenko C III, Jennings WD Jr, O'Kelley WR III, et al. Threshold burning effects on distant microcirculation. I. Preliminary observations. Arch Surg 1971;102:617-25.
28. King TC, Price PB. Surface cooling following extensive burns. JAMA 1963;183:677.
29. Ofeigsson OJ. Water cooling: First aid treatment of scalds and burns. Surgery 1965;57:391.
30. Cooke MW, Morrell R, Wilson S, et al. Does criteria based dispatch of 999 calls adequately detect the critically ill and injured? Pre-hospital Immediate Care 1999;3:191-5.
31. Childs C, Stoner HB, Little RA. Cutaneous heat loss shortly after burn injury in children. Clin Sci (Lond) 1992;83:117-26.
32. O'Rourke G, Hanley K, Dowling J, et al. The use of basic life support kits in general practice. Ir Med J 1999;92:399-400.
33. Kinsella J, Booth MG. Pain relief in burns: James Laing memorial essay 1990. Burns 1991;17:391-5.
34. Vartak AM, Keswani MH, Patil AR, et al. Cellophane - A dressing for split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Burns 1991;17:239-42.
35. Queen D, Evans JH, Gaylor JD, et al. Burn wound dressings - A review. Burns, Including Thermal Injury 1987;13:218-28.
36. Coats TJ, Edwards C, Newton R, et al. The effect of gel burns dressings on skin temperature. Emerg Med J 2000;19:224-5.
37. Treharne LJ, Kay AR. The initial management of acute burns. J R Army Med Corps 2001;147:198-205.
38. Cole RP, Shakespeare PG, ChisselL HG, et al. Thermographic assessment of burns using a nonpermeable membrane as wound covering. Burns 1991;17:117-22.
39. American College of Surgeons. Injuries due to burns and cold. In: ACS committee on trauma, ed. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors (ATLS). Chicago: ACS, 1997:273-88.
40. Hodgetts T, McNeil I, Cooke M. The Pre-hospital Emergency Management Master. London: BMJ, 1995.
41. Ashworth HL, Cubison TC, Gilbert PM, et al. Treatment before transfer: The patient with burns. Emerg Med J 2001;18:349-51.
42. McGugan EA, Paterson B, Nichol N, et al. Re: Accuracy of burn size estimation and subsequent fluid resuscitation prior to arrival at the Yorkshire Regional Burns Unit. A three year retrospective study. Burns 2000;26:415-16.
43. Collis N, Smith G, Fenton OM. Accuracy of burn size estimation and subsequent fluid resuscitation prior to arrival at the Yorkshire Regional Burns Unit. A three year retrospective study. Burns 1999;25:345-51.
44. Hammond JS, Ward CG. Transfers from emergency room to burn center: Errors in burn size estimate. J Trauma 1987;27:1161-5.
45. Henry S, Scalea TM. Resuscitation in the new millennium. Surg Clin North Am 1999;79:1259-67, viii.
46. Myers C. Fluid resuscitation. Eur J Emerg Med 1997;4:224-32.
47. Warden GD. Burn shock resuscitation. World J Surg 1992;16:16-23.
48. Dalton A. M. Pre-hospital intravenous fluid replacement in trauma: An outmoded concept? J R Soc Med 1995;4:213-16.
49. Kendall JM, Reeves BC, Latter VS. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nasal diamorphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with clinical fractures. BMJ 2001;322:261-5.
50. Chambers JA, Guly HR. Prehospital intravenous nalbuphine administered by paramedics. Resuscitation 1994;27:153-8.
51. Phillips GD. First aid in disasters. Med J Aust 1980;2:420-4.
52. Wilson JA, Kendall JM, Cornelius P. Intranasal diamorphine for paediatric analgesia: Assessment of safety and efficacy. J Accid Emerg Med 1997;14:70-2.
53. Cummings G, O'Keefe G. Scene disposition and mode of transport following rural trauma: A prospective cohort study comparing patient costs. J Emerg Med 2000;18:349-54.
54. Baack BR, Smoot EC III, Kucan JO, et al. Helicopter transport of the patient with acute burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1991;12:229-33.
55. Novak J, Tury P. [Inter-hospital transportation of burned patients]. Magy Traumatol Orthop Helyreallito Seb 1991;34:43-8.
56. Palmer JH, Sutherland AB. Problems associated with transfer of patients to a regional burns unit. Injury 1987;18:250-7.
57. Marichy J, Chahir N, Peres-Tassart C, et al. [Prehospital management of burns]. Pathol Biol(Paris) 2002;50:74-81.
58. Nakae H, Wada H. Characteristics of burn patients transported by ambulance to treatment facilities in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Burns 2002;28:73-9.
59. Slater H, O'Mara MS, Goldfarb IW. Helicopter transportation of burn patients. Burns 2002;28:70-2.
60. De Wing MD, Curry T, Stephenson E, et al. Cost-effective use of helicopters for the transportation of patients with burn injuries. J Burn Care Rehabil 2000;21:535-40.