Botulinum toxin in the lower one third of the face

Clinics in Dermatology

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 505-512

  Atamoros, Francisco Perez ^a  

^a Centro Dermatologico Tennyson   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

DRUG DIFFUSION; DRUG EFFICACY; ECCHYMOSIS; EDEMA; FACE ASYMMETRY; FACE MUSCLE; FACE PAIN; FOREHEAD; HEADACHE; HUMAN; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NOSE APEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REJUVENATION; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 0842283507     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.11.014     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Salashe S.J., Bernstein G. Regional anatomic areas nose . Salashe S.J., Berstein G. Surgical anatomy of the skin. 1998;Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Connecticut. 1998;Ch 16:204-10.
2. Carruthers A., Kiene K., Carruthers J. Botulinum A exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 34:1996;788-797.
3. Carruthers J., Carruthers A. Botox use in the mid and lower face and neck. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 20:2001;85-92.
4. Carruthers A., Carruthers J.D.A. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of glabellar frown lines and other facial wrinkles. Jankovic J., Hallet M. Therapy with botulinum toxin. 1994;577-595 Marcel Dekker, New York.
5. Markey A.C. Botulinum A exotoxin in cosmetic dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol. 25:2000;173-175.
6. Brandt F., Bellman B. Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin for the aging neck. Dermatol Surg. 24:1998;1232-1234.
7. Carruthers J., Carruthers A. Botox use in the mid and lower face and neck. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 20:2001;85-92.
8. Fulton J.E. Jr, Rahimi A.D.A., Helton P., et al. Lip rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg. 26:2000;470-475.
9. Guerrissi J.O. Surgical treatment of the senile upper lip. Plast Reconstr Surg. 106:2000;938-940.
10. Binder W.T., Blitzer A., Brin M.F. Treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face with botulinum toxin A. Dermatol Surg. 24:1998;1198-1205.
11. Benedetto A. The cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type A. Int J Dermatol. 38:1999;641-655.
12. Lowe N.J. Botulinum toxin type A for facial rejuvenation United States and United Kingdom perspectives . Dermtol Surg. 24:1998;1216-1218.
13. Freilinger G, Gruber H, Happa KW, et al. Surgical anatomy of the mimic muscle system and the facial nerve: importance for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 198780:686-90.
14. Farkas L.G., Kolar J.C. Anthropometrics and art in the aesthetics of women's faces. Clin Plast Surg. 14:1987;599-615.
15. Carruthers J., Carruthers A. Botox use in the mid and lower face and neck. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 20:2001;85-92.
16. Aston S.J. Platysma muscle in rhytidoplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 3:1979;529.
17. Brandt F., Bellman B. Cosmetic use of Botulinum toxin for the aging neck. Dermatol Surg. 24:1998;1232-1234.
18. Carruthers J., Carruthers A. Botox use in the mid and lower face and neck. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 20:2001;85-92.
19. Richard A., Ritz M., Donahue S., et al. Botox for contraction of pectoral muscles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 108:2001;270-271.
20. Becker-Wegerich PM, Rauch L, Ruzicka T. Botulinum toxin A: successful décolleté rejuvenation. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:168-71.
21. Moore K.L., Dalley A.F. Clinical oriented anatomy. Kelly P.J. Muscles of the face. 4th ed:1999;Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 1999;ch 7:850-6.