Adolescents React to the Events of September 11, 2001: Focused Versus Ambient Impact

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-11

  Whalen, Carol K ^a   Henker, Barbara ^b   King, Pamela S ^a   Jamner, Larry D ^a   Levine, Linda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Anxiety; Electronic diaries; Moods; Stress

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOOD; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; SELF REPORT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; TERRORISM;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY; AFFECT; ANXIETY; CALIFORNIA; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TERRORISM; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0842278670     PISSN: 00910627     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:JACP.0000007576.94501.a0     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
3. Asarnow, J., Glynn, S., Pynoos, R. S., Nahum, J., Guthrie, D., Cantwell, D. P., et al. (1999). When the earth stops shaking: Earthquake sequelae among children diagnosed for pre-earthquake psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1016-1023.
4. Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 917-927.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Psychological and emotional effects of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center-Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51, 784-786.
6. Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954). Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 39, 414-418.
7. Galea, S., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D., Bucuvalas, M., Gold, J., et al. (2002). Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 982-987.
8. Halpern-Felsher, B. L., & Millstein, S. G. (2002). The effects of terrorism on teens' perceptions of dying: The new world is riskier than ever. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 308-311.
9. Havenaar, J. M., Rumyantzeva, G. M., van den Brink, W., Poelijoe, N. W., van den Bout, J., van Engeland, H., et al. (1997). Long-term mental health effects of the Chernobyl disaster: An epidemiologic survey in two former Soviet regions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1605-1607.
10. Henker, B., Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., & Delfino, R. J. (2002). Anxiety, affect, and activity in teenagers: Monitoring daily life with electronic diaries. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 660-670.
11. Katz, C. L., Pellegrino, L., Pandya, A., Ng, A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2002). Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: A review of the literature. Psychiatry Research, 110, 201-217.
12. La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., & Wasserstein, S. B. (1998). Children's predisaster functioning as a predictor of posttraumatic stress following Hurricane Andrew. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 883-892.
13. Norris, F. H. (2001). Measuring exposure to the events of September 11, 2001: Pretest results and stress/loss norms obtained from a minimally exposed but diverse sample of college students. Retrieved November 5, 2001, from http://obssr.od.nih.gov/Activities/911/attack.htm
14. Norris, F. H., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2001). 50,000 disaster victims speak: An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001. Report prepared for The National Center for PTSD and The Center for Mental Health Services (SAMHSA). Retrieved November 5, 2001, from http://obssr.od.nih.gov/Activities/911/disaster-impact.pdf
15. Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 768-774.
16. Pfefferbaum, B. (1997). Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1503-1511.
17. Pine, D. S., & Cohen, J. A. (2002). Trauma in children and adolescents: Risk and treatment of psychiatric sequelae. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 519-531.
18. Pynoos, R. S., Nader, K., Frederick, C., Gonda, L., & Stuber, M. (1987). Grief reactions in school-age children following a sniper attack at school. Israeli Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 53-63.
19. Radloff, L. S. (1991). The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 149-166.
20. Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1997). What I think and feel: A revised measure of children's manifest anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 15-20.
21. Ruscio, A. M., Ruscio, J., & Keane, T. M. (2002). The latent structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A taxometric investigation of reactions to extreme stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 290-301.
22. Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247.
23. Schuster, M. A., Stein, B. D., Jaycox, L. H., Collins, R. L., Marshall, G. N., Elliott, M. N., et al. (2001). A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. New England Journal of Medicine, 345, 1507-1512.
24. Shear, M. K. (2002). Building a model of posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1631-1633.
25. Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., McIntosh, D. N., Poulin, M., & Gil-Rivas, V. (2002). Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA, 288, 1235-1244.
26. Suh, E., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1091-1102.
27. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
28. Terr, L. C., Bloch, D. A., Michel, B. A., Shi, H., Reinhardt, J. A., & Metayer, S. (1997). Children's thinking in the wake of Challenger. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 744-751.
29. Terr, L. C., Bloch, D. A., Michel, B. A., Shi, H., Reinhardt, J. A., & Metayer, S. (1999). Children's symptoms in the wake of Challenger: A field study of distant-traumatic effects and an outline of related conditions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1536-1544.
30. Tyano, S., Iancu, I., Solomon, Z., Sever, J., Goldstein, I., Touviana, Y., et al. (1996). Seven-year follow-up of child survivors of a bus-train collision. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 365-373.
31. Vernberg, E. M., La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (1996). Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 237-248.
32. Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. (1995). Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debiasing interventions. Health Psychology, 14, 132-140.
33. Whalen, C. K., Henker, B., O'Neil, R., Hollingshead, J., Holman, A., & Moore, B. (1994). Optimism in children's judgments of health and environmental risks. Health Psychology, 13, 319-325.
34. Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henker, B., & Delfino, R. J. (2001). Smoking and moods in adolescents with depressive and aggressive dispositions: Evidence from surveys and electronic diaries. Health Psychology, 20, 99-111.
35. Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henker, B., Delfino, R. J., & Lozano, J. M. (2002). The ADHD spectrum and everyday life: Experience sampling of adolescent moods, activities, smoking, and drinking. Child Development, 73, 209-227.
36. Yule, W., Bolton, D., Udwin, O., Boyle, S., O'Ryan, D., & Nurrish, J. (2000). The long-term psychological effects of a disaster experienced in adolescence: I. The incidence and course of PTSD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 503-511.
37. Yule, W., Perrin, S., & Smith, P. (2001). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder. In W. K. Silverman & P. D. A. Treffers (Eds.), Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: Research, assessment and intervention (pp. 212-234). New York: Cambridge University Press.