Heat stress while wearing long pants or shorts under firefighting protective clothing

Ergonomics

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 75-90

  McLellan, T M ^a   Selkirk, G A ^a  

^a DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Exercise tolerance; Metabolic rate; Rectal temperature; Uncompensable heat stress

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; PERSONNEL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING;

FIRE FIGHTERS; HEAT STRESS;

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT;

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREATHING APPARATUS; CANADA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FEMALE; FIRE FIGHTER; HEART RATE; HEAT STRESS; HUMAN; HUMIDITY; MALE; METABOLIC RATE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RECTUM TEMPERATURE; THERMAL EXPOSURE; WORK ENVIRONMENT;

BODY TEMPERATURE; EXERTION; FEMALE; FIRES; HEART RATE; HEAT STRESS DISORDERS; HUMANS; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RESCUE WORK; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0842263883     PISSN: 00140139     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00140130310001611125     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aoyagi, Y., McLellan, T.M. and Shephard, R.J. 1994, Effects of training and acclimation on heat tolerance in exercising men wearing protective clothing, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 68, 234-245.
2. Aoyagi, Y., McLellan, T.M. and Shepard, R.J. 1995, Effects of 6 versus 12 days of heat acclimation on heat tolerance in lightly exercising men wearing protective clothing, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 71, 187-196.
3. Baker, S.J., Griced, J., Roby, L. and Matthews, C. 2000, Cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory response of working in fire-fighting clothing in a temperature environment, Ergonomics, 43, 1350-1358.
4. Borg, G. 1970, Perceived exertion as an indicator of somantic stress, Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine, 2, 92-98.
5. Cheung, S.S. and McLellan, T.M. 1998a, Influence of hydration status and fluid replacement on heat tolerance while wearing NBC protective clothing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 77, 139-148.
6. Cheung, S.S. and McLellan, T.M. 1998b, Influence of short-term aerobic training and hydration status on tolerance to uncompensable heat stress, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 78, 50-58.
7. Clausen, J.L. (ed.); 1982, Pulmonary Function Testing Guidelines and Controversies: Equipment, Methods and Normal Values (Toronto: Grune and Stratton).
8. Duncan, H.W., Gardner, G.W. and Barnard, R.J. 1979, Physiological responses of men working in fire fighting equipment in the heat, Ergonomics, 22, 521-527.
9. Gagge, A.P., Stolwijk, J.A.J. and Hardy, J.D. 1967, Comfort and thermal sensations and associated physiological responses at various ambient temperatures, Environmental Research, 1, 1-20.
10. Givoni, B. and Goldman, R.F. 1972, Predicting rectal temperature response to work, environment, and clothing, Journal of Applied Physiology, 32, 812-822.
11. Gledhill, N. and Jamnik, V.K. 1972, Characterization of the physical demands of firefighting, Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 17, 207-213.
12. Gonzalez, R.R., Levell, C.A., Stroschein, L.A., Gonzalez, J.A. and Pandolf, K.B. 1993, Copper Manikin and Heat Strain Model Evaluations of Chemical Protective Ensembles for the Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP), Technical Report No. 94-4, (Natick, MA: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine).
13. Hardy, J.D. and Dubois, E.F. 1938, The technic of measuring radiation and convection, The Journal of Nutrition, 15, 461-475.
14. Lemon, P.W.R., Hermiston, M.K. and Hermiston, R.T. 1977, The human energy cost of fire fighting, Journal of Occupational Medicine, 19, 558-562.
15. Levine, L., Quigley, M.D., Latzka, W.A., Cadarette, B.S. and Kolka, M.A. 1993, Thermal Strain in Soldiers Wearing a Chemical Protective Undergarment - Results from a Laboratory Study and a Field Study, USARIEM Report No 2-93, (Natick, MA: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine).
16. Malley, K.S., Goldstein, A.M., Aldrich, T.K., Kelly, K.J., Weiden, M., Coplan, N., Karwa, M.L. and Prezant, M.L. 1999, Effects of fire fighting uniform (modern, modified, modern, and traditional) design changes on exercise duration in New York City firefighters, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 41, 1104-1115.
17. McLellan, T.M. 1993, Work performance at 40°C with Canadian Forces biological and chemical protective clothing, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 64, 1094-1100.
18. McLellan, T.M. 1996, Heat strain while wearing the current Canadian or a new hot-weather French NBC protective clothing ensemble, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 67, 1057-1062.
19. McLellan, T.M., Meunier, P. and Livingstone, S.D. 1992, Influence of a new vapor protective clothing layer on physical work tolerance times at 40°C, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 63, 107-113.
20. McLellan, T.M., Pope, J.I., Cain, J.B. and Cheung, S.S. 1996, Effects of metabolic rate and ambient vapour pressure on heat strain in protective clothing, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 74, 518-527.
21. McLellan, T.M., Bell, D.G., Smith, I.F., Morris, A.C. and Miiyazaki, M. 1997, Heat Strain in the Current Canadian Forces NBC Ensemble Compared with New Hot-Weather NBC Garments, DCIEM No. 97-R-25, (Toronto: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine).
22. McLellan, T.M., Gannon, G.A., Zamecnik, J., Gil, V. and Brown, G.M. 1999, Low doses of melatonin and diurnal effects on thermoregulation and tolerance to uncompensable heat stress, Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 308-316.
23. Mitchell, J.W., Nadel, E.R. and Stolwijk, J.A.J. 1972, Respiratory weight losses during exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology, 32, 474-476.
24. Nunneley, S.A. 1989, Heat stress in protective clothing, Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health, 15(suppl. 1), 52-57.
25. Prezant, D.J., Freeman, K., Keely, K.J., Malley, K.S., Karwa, M.L., McLaughlin, M.T., Hirschhorn, R. and Brown, A. 2000, Impact of a design modification in modern firefighting uniforms on burn prevention outcomes in New York city firefighters, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 42, 827-834.
26. Romet, T. and Frim, J. 1987, Physiological responses to fire fighting activities, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 56, 633-638.
27. Sawka, M.N., Gonzalez, R.R., Drolet, L.L. and Pandolf, K.B. 1984a, Heat exchange during upper-body and lower-body exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology, 57, 1050-1054.
28. Sawka, M.N., Pimental, N.A. and Pandolf, K.B. 1984b, Thermoregulatory responses to upper body exercise, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 52, 230-234.
29. Selkirk, G.A. and McLellan, T.M. 2001, Influence of aerobic fitness and body fatness on tolerance to uncompensable heat stress, Journal of Applied Physiology, 91, 2055-2063.
30. Siri, W.E. 1956, The gross composition of the body, in, J.H. Lawrence and C.A. Tobias (eds). Advances in Biological and Medical Physics (vol. 4). (New York: Academic Press), 239-280.
31. Skoldstrom, B. 1987, Physiological responses of fire fighters to workload and thermal stress, Ergonomics, 30, 1589-1597.
32. Smith, D.L., Petruzzello, S.J., Kramer, J.M., Warner, S.E., Bone, B.G. and Misner, J.E. 1995, Selected physiological and psychobiological responses to physical activity in different configuration of firefighting gear, Ergonomics, 38, 2065-2077.
33. Smith, D.L., Petruzzello, S.J., Kramer, J.M. and Misner, J.E. 1996, Physiological, psychophysical, and psychological responses of firefighters to firefighting training drills, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 67, 1063-1068.
34. Smith, D.L., Petruzzello, S.J., Kramer, J.M. and Misner, J.E. 1997, The effects of different thermal environmentals on the physiological and psychological responses of firefighters to a training drill, Ergonomics, 40, 500-510.
35. Smith, D.L. and Petruzzello, S.J. 1998, Selected physiological and psychological responses to live-fire drills in different configurations of firefighting gear, Ergonomics, 41, 1141-1154.
36. Snellen, J.W. 1966, Mean body temperature and the control of thermal sweating, Acta Physiologica Pharmacologica Nederland, 14, 99-174.
37. Tikuisis, P., McLellan, T.M. and Selkirk, G.A. 2002, Physiological vs. perceptional heat strain during exercise-heat stress, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 1454-1461.
38. White, M.K. and Hodous, T.K. 1987, Reduced work tolerance associated with wearing protective clothing and respirators, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 48, 304-310.