Are massive elementary particles black holes?

Modern Physics Letters A

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 143-149

  Ward, B F L ^a,b  

^a BAYLOR UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

Black holes; Massive elementary particles; Quantum gravity; Resummation; UV behavior

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COSMOS; ELEMENTARY PARTICLE; GRAVITY; PHENOMENOLOGY; QUANTUM MECHANICS; SPACE;

EID: 0742305540     PISSN: 02177323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0217732304012885     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. C. Misner, K. S. Thorne and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman, 1973).
2. S. Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (John Wiley, 1972).
3. See, for example, M. Green, J. Schwarz and E. Witten, Superstring Theory (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987), Vols. 1 and 2 and references therein.
4. See, for example, J. Polchinski, String Theory, Vols. 1 and 2 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998), Vols. 1 and 2 and references therein.
5. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
6. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
7. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
8. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
9. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
10. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
11. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
12. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
13. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
14. S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam, in Elementary Particle Theory, ed. N. Svartholm (Almqvist and Wiksells, 1968), p. 367; G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B44, 189 (1972); B50, 318 (1972); G. 't Hooft, ibid. B35, 167 (1971); M. Veltman, ibid. B7, 637 (1968); D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. David Politzer, ibid. 30, 1346 (1973); see also, for example, F. Wilczek, in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. on Lepton and Photon Interactions, Ithaca, 1993, eds. P. Drell and D. L. Rubin (AIP, 1994), p. 593 and references therein.
15. B. F. L. Ward, Mod. Phys. Lett. A17, 2371 (2002).
16. S. Hawking, Nature (London) 248, 30 (1974); Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199 (1975).
17. S. Hawking, Nature (London) 248, 30 (1974); Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199 (1975).
18. R. P. Feynman, Acta Phys. Pol. 24, 697 (1963).
19. R. P. Feynman, Feynman Lectures on Gravitation, eds. F. B. Moringo and W. G. Wagner (Caltech, 1971).
20. D. Bardin and G. Passarino, The Standard Model in the Making: Precision Study of the Electroweak Interactions (Oxford Univ. Press, 1999).
21. M. L. Goldberger, private communication, 1972.
22. B. F. L. Ward, to appear.
23. D. Abbaneo et al., hep-ex/0212036; see also, M. Gruenewald, hep-ex/0210003, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press, 2003.
24. D. Abbaneo et al., hep-ex/0212036; see also, M. Gruenewald, hep-ex/0210003, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press, 2003.
25. S. Perlmutter et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999) and references therein.
26. L. D. Faddeev and V. N. Popov, ITF-67-036, NAL-THY-57 (translated from Russian by D. Gordon and B. W. Lee); Phys. Lett. B25, 29 (1967).
27. D. R. Yennie, S. C. Frautschi and H. Suura, Ann. Phys. 13, 379 (1961); see also K. T. Mahanthappa, Phys. Rev. 126, 329 (1962), for a related analysis.
28. D. R. Yennie, S. C. Frautschi and H. Suura, Ann. Phys. 13, 379 (1961); see also K. T. Mahanthappa, Phys. Rev. 126, 329 (1962), for a related analysis.
29. G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré XX, 69 (1974).
30. See for example D. Wark, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press; M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, hep-ph/0211054, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press, and references therein.
31. See for example D. Wark, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press; M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, hep-ph/0211054, in Proc. ICHEP02, in press, and references therein.
32. K. Hagiwara et al., Phys. Rev. D66, 010001 (2002); see also H. Leutwyler and J. Gasser, Phys. Rep. 87, 77 (1982), and references therein.
33. K. Hagiwara et al., Phys. Rev. D66, 010001 (2002); see also H. Leutwyler and J. Gasser, Phys. Rep. 87, 77 (1982), and references therein.
34. R. Adler, M. Bazin and M. Schiffer, Introduction to General Relativity (McGraw-Hill, 1965).
35. B. F. L. Ward, to appear.