Mixing and geometry of advected, chemically reactive scalar fields: Application to chlorine deactivation over the midnorthern latitudes

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 108, Issue 11, 2003, Pages

  Wonhas, A ^a   Vassilicos, J C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Chlorine deactivation; Fractals; Lyapunov exponents; Mixing; Ozone depletion

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE MONOXIDE; MIXING; NUMERICAL MODEL; OZONE DEPLETION;

EID: 0742305340     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002333     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Angilella, J.-R., and J. C. Vassilicos, Spectral, diffusive and convective properties of fractal and spiral fields, Physica D, 124, 23-57, 1998.
2. Angilella, J.-R., and J. C. Vassilicos, Time-dependent geometry and energy distribution in a spiral vortex layer, Phys. Rev. E, 59, 5427-5439, 1999.
3. Bowman, K. P., Large-scale isentropic mixing properties of the antarctic polar vortex from analyzed winds, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23,013-23,027, 1993.
4. 2 collar in the arctic polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1467-1478, 1997.
5. Edouard, S., B. Legras, F. Lefèvre, and R. Eymard, The effect of small-scale inhomogeneities on ozone depletion in the arctic, Nature, 384, 444-447, 1996.
6. Falconer, K. J., The Geometry of Fractal Sets, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1985.
7. Fereday, D. R., P. H. Haynes, A. Wonhas, and J. C. Vassilicos, Scalar variance decay in chaotic advection and batchelor-regime turbulence, Phys. Rev. E, 65(035301(R)), 035301-1-035301-4, 2002.
8. Flohr, P., and J. C. Vassilicos, Accelerated scalar dissipation in a vortex, J. Fluid Mech., 348, 295-317, 1997.
9. Haynes, P. H., and J. Anglade, The vertical-scale cascade in atmospheric tracers due to large-scale differential advection, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1121-1136, 1997.
10. Juckes, M. N., and M. E. McIntyre, A high-resolution one-layer model of breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere, Nature, 328, 590-596, 1987.
11. Lefèvre, F., G. P. Brasseur, I. Folkins, A. K. Smith, and P. Simon, Chemistry of the 1991-1992 stratospheric winter: Three-dimensional model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8183-8195, 1994.
12. Methven, J., and B. Hoskins, The advection of high-resolution tracers by low-resolution winds, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3262-3285, 1999.
13. 3 from the self-reaction of the ClO radical, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 433-436, 1987.
14. Ottino, J. M., The Kinematics of Mixing: Stretching, Chaos, and Transport, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1989.
15. Peter, T., The stratospheric ozone layer-An overview, Environ. Pollut, 83, 69-79, 1994.
16. Pierce, R. B., and T. D. A. Fairlie, Chaotic advection in the stratosphere: Implications for the dispersal of chemically perturbed air from the polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18,589-18,595, 1993.
17. Pierrehumbert, R. T., and H. Yang, Global chaotic mixing on isentropic surfaces, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2462-2480, 1993.
18. Pyle, J. A., Ozone loss in middle latitudes and the role of the arctic polar vortex, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 352, 241-245, 1995.
19. Reid, S. J., and G. Vaughan, Lamination in ozone profiles in the lower stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 117, 825-844, 1991.
20. Tan, D. G. H., P. H. Haynes, A. R. MacKenzie, and J. A. Pyle, The effects of fluid-dynamical stirring and mixing on the deactivation of stratospheric chlorine, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1585-1605, 1998.
21. Tél, T., G. Károlyi, Á. Péntek, I. Scheuring, Z. Toroczkai, C. Grebogi, and J. Kadtke, Chaotic advection, diffusion and reactions in open flows, Chaos, 10, 89-98, 2000.
22. 2 photolysis, Nature, 365, 37-39, 1993.
23. Tuck, A. F., and S. J. Hovde, Fractal behaviour of ozone, wind and temperature in the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1271-1274, 1999.
24. Tuck, A. F., et al., Polar stratospheric cloud processed air and potential vorticity in the northern hemisphere lower stratosphere at midlatitudes during winter, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7883-7904, 1992.
25. Tuck, A. F., S, J. Hovde, and M. H. Proffitt, Persistence in ozone scaling under the Hurst exponent as an indicator of the relative rates of chemistry and fluid mechanical mixing in the stratosphere, J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 10,445-10,450, 1999.
26. Vassilicos, J. C., Anomalous diffusion of isolated flow singularities and of fractal or spiral structures, Phys. Rev. E, 52, R5753-R5756, 1995.
27. Vassilicos, J. C., and J. G. Brasseur, Self-similar spiral flow structure in low Reynolds number isotropic and decaying turbulence, Phys. Rev. E, 54, 467-485, 1996.
28. Vassilicos, J. C., and J. C. R. Hunt, Fractal dimensions and spectra of interfaces with application to turbulence, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 435, 505-534, 1991.
29. Waugh, D. W., et al., Mixing of polar vortex air into middle latitudes as revealed by tracer-tracer scatterplots, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13,119-13,134, 1997.
30. Webster, C. R., R. D. May, D. W. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, J. G. Anderson, P. Newman, L. Lait, M. R. Schoeberl, J. W. Elkins, and K. R. Chan, Chlorine chemistry on polar stratospheric cloud particles in the arctic winter, Science, 261, 1130-1134, 1993.
31. Wonhas, A., and J. C. Vassilicos, Mixing in frozen and time-periodic two-dimensional vortical flows, J. Fluid Mech., 442, 359-385, 2001.
32. Wonhas, A., and J. C. Vassilicos, Mixing in fully chaotic flows, Phys. Rev. E, in press, 2002.
33. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, WMO Rep. 37, Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Geneva, 1995.