Admiral Didier Ratsiraka and the Malagasy socialist revolution

Journal of Modern African Studies

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 409-439

  Gow, Bonar A ^a  

^a Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0742297363     PISSN: 0022278X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X97002486     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Africa Research Bulletin. Political Series (Exeter), 1-28 February 1975, hereinafter referred to as ARB (PS).
2. Le Monde (Paris), 18 May 1973; ARB (PS), 1-31 July 1973; and Africa Confidential (London), 13 September 1973.
3. Le Monde (Paris), 18 May 1973; ARB (PS), 1-31 July 1973; and Africa Confidential (London), 13 September 1973.
4. Le Monde (Paris), 18 May 1973; ARB (PS), 1-31 July 1973; and Africa Confidential (London), 13 September 1973.
5. Africa Contemporary Record: annual survey and documents, 1974-5 (London and New York, 1975), p. B 219, hereinafter referred to as ACR,
6. and Maureen Covell, Madagascar: politics, economics and society (London and New York, 1987), pp. 53-4.
7. Philippe Leymaire, 'Le Fokonolona: la voie malgache du socialisme', in Revue française d'études politiques africaines (Paris), 112, April 1975, pp. 47-8 and 52-3, and ACR, 1975-6, p. B 246.
8. Philippe Leymaire, 'Le Fokonolona: la voie malgache du socialisme', in Revue française d'études politiques africaines (Paris), 112, April 1975, pp. 47-8 and 52-3, and ACR, 1975-6, p. B 246.
9. ARB (PS), 1-28 February 1975, and Africa Confidential, 21 February 1975.
10. ARB (PS), 1-28 February 1975, and Africa Confidential, 21 February 1975.
11. ACR, 1975-6, pp. B 236-7.
12. Philippe Leymarie, 'Madagascar: à la recherche d'un homme providentiel', in Revue française d'études politiques africaines, 14, June 1975, pp. 12-18; Robert Archer, Madagascar depuis 1972: la marche d'une révolution (Paris, 1976), p. 119; and Covell, op. cit. pp. 57-8.
13. Philippe Leymarie, 'Madagascar: à la recherche d'un homme providentiel', in Revue française d'études politiques africaines, 14, June 1975, pp. 12-18; Robert Archer, Madagascar depuis 1972: la marche d'une révolution (Paris, 1976), p. 119; and Covell, op. cit. pp. 57-8.
14. Philippe Leymarie, 'Madagascar: à la recherche d'un homme providentiel', in Revue française d'études politiques africaines, 14, June 1975, pp. 12-18; Robert Archer, Madagascar depuis 1972: la marche d'une révolution (Paris, 1976), p. 119; and Covell, op. cit. pp. 57-8.
15. Covell, op. cit. pp. 57-8.
16. Ibid. p. 58.
17. ACR, 1975-6, pp. B 239-40.
18. Africa South of the Sahara, 1987 (London and New York, 1987), p. 617.
19. ACR, 1975-6, pp. 236, 244, and 252-3.
20. Ibid. 1970-80, p. B 252.
21. Covell, op. cit. p. 61.
22. Ibid. p. 69.
23. ACR, 1975-76, p. B 247, and 1977-78, pp. B 287-8; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1978-79, pp. 552-3.
24. ACR, 1975-76, p. B 247, and 1977-78, pp. B 287-8; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1978-79, pp. 552-3.
25. ACR, 1975-76, p. B 247, and 1977-78, pp. B 287-8; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1978-79, pp. 552-3.
26. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 289.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid. 1976-77, p. B 251,
29. and Africa Research Bulletin. Economic Series (Exeter), 1979, p. 5368, hereinafter referred to as ARB (ES).
30. Covell, op. cit. pp. 63-75, and Philip M. Allen, Madagascar: conflicts of authority in the great island (Boulder, 1995), p. 169.
31. Covell, op. cit. pp. 63-75, and Philip M. Allen, Madagascar: conflicts of authority in the great island (Boulder, 1995), p. 169.
32. Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981, and Covell, op. cit. pp. 64-5.
33. Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981, and Covell, op. cit. pp. 64-5.
34. ACR, 1975-76, p. B 246,
35. and 1976-77, p. B 252.
36. Africa Confidential, 3 March 1982.
37. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 287, 1978-79, p. B 291, and 1980-81, pp. B 241-2; Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981; and ARB (ES), 31 May 1982.
38. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 287, 1978-79, p. B 291, and 1980-81, pp. B 241-2; Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981; and ARB (ES), 31 May 1982.
39. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 287, 1978-79, p. B 291, and 1980-81, pp. B 241-2; Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981; and ARB (ES), 31 May 1982.
40. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 287, 1978-79, p. B 291, and 1980-81, pp. B 241-2; Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981; and ARB (ES), 31 May 1982.
41. ACR, 1977-78, p. B 287, 1978-79, p. B 291, and 1980-81, pp. B 241-2; Africa Confidential, 28 January 1981; and ARB (ES), 31 May 1982.
42. Africa Confidential, 4 January 1984.
43. Madagascar News (London, Friends' Service Council), Spring 1980.
44. Ibid. Spring 1976; ARB (PS), 1-31 October 1977 and 1-31 January 1981; and ACR, 1981-82, p. B 213.
45. Ibid. Spring 1976; ARB (PS), 1-31 October 1977 and 1-31 January 1981; and ACR, 1981-82, p. B 213.
46. Ibid. Spring 1976; ARB (PS), 1-31 October 1977 and 1-31 January 1981; and ACR, 1981-82, p. B 213.
47. Covell, op. cit. p. 70.
48. Indian Ocean Newsletter (Paris), 30 January 1982; Le Monde (Paris), 24 February 1982; and Africa Confidential, 3 March 1982.
49. Indian Ocean Newsletter (Paris), 30 January 1982; Le Monde (Paris), 24 February 1982; and Africa Confidential, 3 March 1982.
50. Indian Ocean Newsletter (Paris), 30 January 1982; Le Monde (Paris), 24 February 1982; and Africa Confidential, 3 March 1982.
51. Le Monde, 16 December 1982.
52. Africa Confidential, 4 January 1984.
53. Ibid. 19 June and 27 November 1985.
54. Le Monde, 21 March 1985.
55. ARB (PS), 15 September 1985,
56. and Africa Confidential, 27 November 1985.
57. ACR, 1985-86, pp. B 347-8, and Africa Confidential, 27 November 1985.
58. ACR, 1985-86, pp. B 347-8, and Africa Confidential, 27 November 1985.
59. Le Monde, 6 and 8 June 1987, and ACR, 1986-87, p. B 350.
60. Le Monde, 6 and 8 June 1987, and ACR, 1986-87, p. B 350.
61. 37 Ibid.
62. ACR, 1986-87, p. B 351, and Africa Confidential, 1 April 1984 and 15 October 1985.
63. ACR, 1986-87, p. B 351, and Africa Confidential, 1 April 1984 and 15 October 1985.
64. Africa Confidential, 26 November 1986.
65. Ibid. and 14 April 1988, and 17 February 1989.
66. Ibid. 15 May 1987.
67. Africa Research Bulletin. Political, Social, and Cultural Series (Oxford), 15 May 1987, hereinafter referred to as ARB (PSC),
68. and Africa Confidential, 1 and 15 April 1987.
69. ARB (PS), 15 May 1987, and Madagascar News, Spring 1988.
70. ARB (PS), 15 May 1987, and Madagascar News, Spring 1988.
71. Madagascar News, Spring and Autumn 1989; Africa Confidential, 17 February and 15 April 1989; and ARB (PS), 15 April 1989.
72. Madagascar News, Spring and Autumn 1989; Africa Confidential, 17 February and 15 April 1989; and ARB (PS), 15 April 1989.
73. Madagascar News, Spring and Autumn 1989; Africa Confidential, 17 February and 15 April 1989; and ARB (PS), 15 April 1989.
74. ARB (PS), 15 January 1990, and Africa Confidential, 15 January and 6 June 1990.
75. ARB (PS), 15 January 1990, and Africa Confidential, 15 January and 6 June 1990.
76. ARB (PS), 15 January 1990.
77. Le Monde, 27 December 1989.
78. Ibid. 15 May 1990;
79. Madagascar News, Autumn 1990;
80. ARB (PS), 15 May 1990;
81. and Indian Ocean Newsletter, 19 May 1990.
82. Madagascar News, Autumn 1990.
83. Africa Confidential, 28 September 1990.
84. ARB (PSC), 14 April 1990.
85. Allen, op. cit. p. 103.
86. Ibid. p. 104, and Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May 1990.
87. Ibid. p. 104, and Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May 1990.
88. Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May and 2 June 1990; Allen, op. cit. p. 104; Le Monde, 13-14 and 16-17 June 1991; and Africa Confidential, 8 February 1991.
89. Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May and 2 June 1990; Allen, op. cit. p. 104; Le Monde, 13-14 and 16-17 June 1991; and Africa Confidential, 8 February 1991.
90. Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May and 2 June 1990; Allen, op. cit. p. 104; Le Monde, 13-14 and 16-17 June 1991; and Africa Confidential, 8 February 1991.
91. Indian Ocean Newsletter, 26 May and 2 June 1990; Allen, op. cit. p. 104; Le Monde, 13-14 and 16-17 June 1991; and Africa Confidential, 8 February 1991.
92. The Times (London), 24 and 30 July, and 13, 21, and 27 August 1991.
93. Allen, op. cit. p. 107, and ARB (PSC), 1-31 January 1992.
94. Allen, op. cit. p. 107, and ARB (PSC), 1-31 January 1992.
95. Africa South of the Sahara, 1992, p. 622, and Allen, op. cit. pp. 105-6.
96. Africa South of the Sahara, 1992, p. 622, and Allen, op. cit. pp. 105-6.
97. ARB (PSC), 1-31 January 1992.
98. Africa Confidential, 14 August 1992;
99. The Daily Times (Dar es Salaam), 30 July 1992; and The National Concord (Dar es Salaam), 30 July and 20 November 1992.
100. The Daily Times (Dar es Salaam), 30 July 1992; and The National Concord (Dar es Salaam), 30 July and 20 November 1992.
101. Africa Confidential, 14 August 1992.
102. Allen, op. cit. pp. 108-9; The Guardian (Dar es Salaam), 6 October 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.
103. Allen, op. cit. pp. 108-9; The Guardian (Dar es Salaam), 6 October 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.
104. Allen, op. cit. pp. 108-9; The Guardian (Dar es Salaam), 6 October 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.
105. Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512, and Allen, op. cit. p. 109.
106. Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512, and Allen, op. cit. p. 109.
107. The National Concord, 23 December 1992; The Guardian, 23 December 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.
108. The National Concord, 23 December 1992; The Guardian, 23 December 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.
109. The National Concord, 23 December 1992; The Guardian, 23 December 1992; and Africa South of the Sahara, 1994, p. 512.