Fluid characteristics and genesis of Early Neoproterozoic orogenic gold-quartz veins in the Harnäs Area, Southwestern Sweden

Economic Geology

Volumn 98, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 1311-1325

  Alm, Elisabet ^a   Broman, Curt ^a   Billström, Kjell ^b   Sundblad, Krister ^c   Torssander, Peter ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b SWEDISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VEIN SYSTEMS;

DEFORMATION; GOLD DEPOSITS; QUARTZ; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; SULFUR;

GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING;

GOLD; METALLOGENESIS; ORE DEPOSIT; OROGENIC BELT; PROTEROZOIC; QUARTZ VEIN;

BALTIC SHIELD; EURASIA; EUROPE; HARNAS; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; SWEDEN; UPPSALA [SWEDEN];

EID: 0742270601     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.98.7.1311     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Åhäll, K.-I., and Connelly, J. N., 1998, intermittent 1.53-1.13 Ga magmatism in western Baltica: Age constraints and correlations within a postulated supercontinent: Precambrian Research, v. 92, p. 1-20.
2. Åläll, K.-I., and Gower, C.F., 1997, The Gothian and Labradorian orogens: Variations in accretionarv tectonism along a Late Paleoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica margin: GFF, v. 119, p. 181-191.
3. Åhäll, K.-I., and Schöberg, H., 1999, The 963 Ma Vinga intrusion and post-compressional deformation in the Sveconorwegian orogen, SW Sweden: GFF, v. 121, p. 101-106.
4. Åhäll, K.-I.,Cornell, D.H., and Armstrong, R., 1998, Ion probe zircon dating of metasedimentary units across the Skagerrak: New constraints for early Mesoproterozoic growth of the Baltic shield: Precambrian Research, v. 87, p. 117-134.
5. Alm, E., 2000, Sveconorwegian metallogenesis in Sweden: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm University, 307, 164 p.
6. Alm, E., and Sundblad, K., 1994, Sveconorwegian polymetallic quartz veins in Sweden: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Mh. 1, p. 1-22.
7. Alm, E., Kumpulainen, R., and Sundblad, K., 1997, Mesoproterozoic sediment-hosted strata-bound copper deposits in the Dal group, Sweden, in Charlet, J.-M., ed., International Cornet Symposium: Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences, Belgium, Proceedings, p. 217-243.
8. Alm, E., Sundblad, K., and Schöberg, H., 2002, Geochemistry and age of two orthogneisses in the Proterozoic Mjøsa-Vänern ore district, southwestern Scandinavia: GFF, v. 124, p. 45-61.
9. Andersson, E., 1990, Guldförande hydrotermala lösningar i västra Värmland: M.Sc. thesis, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm University, 35 p. (in Swedish).
10. Berglund, J., 1997, Mid-Proterozoic evolution in southwestern Sweden: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Göteborg, Sweden, Göteborg University, A15, 134 p.
11. Berthelsen, A., 1980, Towards a palinspastic tectonic analysis of the Baltic shield, in Cogné, J., and Slansky, M., eds., Geology of Éurope from Precambrian to post-Hercynian sedimentary basins: International Geological Congress Colloquium, 26th, Paris, C6, p. 5-21.
12. 2O-NaCl solutions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 683-684.
13. Bodnar, R.J., Reynolds, T.J., and Kuehn, C.A., 1985, Fluid-inclusion systematics in epithermal systems, in Berger, B.R., and Bethke, P.M., eds., Geology and geochemistry of epithermal systems: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 2, p. 73-97.
14. 2-NaCl fluids at high pressures and temperatures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, p. 1247-1275.
15. Burke, E.A.J., and Lustenhouwer, W.J., 1987, The application of multichannel laser Raman microprobe (Microdil-28) to the analyses of fluid inclusions: Chemical Geology, v. 61, p. 11-17.
16. Burruss, R.C., 1981, Analysis of phase equilibria in C-O-H-S fluid inclusions, in Hollister, L.S., and Crawford, M.L., eds., Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook 6, p. 39-74.
17. Connelly, J.N., Berglund, J., and Larson, S.Å., 1996, Thermotectonic evolution of the eastern segment of southwestern Sweden: Tectonic constraints from U-Pb geochronology, in Brewer, T.S., ed., Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 112, p. 297-313.
18. Curti, E., 1987, Lead and oxygen isotope evidence for the origin of the Monte Rosa gold lode deposits (western Alps, Italy): A comparison with Archean lode deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 82, p. 2115-2140.
19. 2O: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, p. 591-601.
20. 2, vapour + aqueous KCl-NaCl solutions: Experimental determination and application to salinity estimates of fluid inclusions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, p. 273-280.
21. Easton, R.M., and Fyon, J.A., 1992, Metallogeny of the Grenville province, in Thurston, P.C., Williams, H.R., Sutcliffe, R.H., and Stott, G.M., eds., Geology of Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 4, p. 1217-1252.
22. Eliasson, T., and Schöberg, H., 1991, U-Pb dating of the post-kinematic Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) Bohus granite, SW Sweden: Evidence of restitic zircon: Precambrian Research, v. 51, p. 337-350.
23. Fallick, A.E., Jocelyn, J., and Hamilton, P.J., 1987, Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope systematics in Brazilian agates, in Rodriques-Clemente, R., and Tardy, Y., eds., Geochemistry and mineral formation in the earth surface: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, p. 99-117.
24. 2O fluids: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, p. 1665-1673.
25. Gaál, G., and Gorbatschev, R., 1987, An outline of the Precambrian evolution of the Baltic shield: Precambrian Research, v. 35, p. 15-52.
26. Gaál, G., and Sundblad, K., 1990, Metallogeny of gold in the Fennoscandian shield: Mineralium Deposita, v. 25, p. S104-S114.
27. Gehrig, M., Lentz, H., and Franck, E.U., 1986, The system water-carbon dioxide-sodium chloride to 773 K and 300 Mpa Berichte der Bunsen-Gesellshaft, Physical Chemistry, v. 90, p. 525-533.
28. Giesemann, A., Jäger, H.-J., Norman, A.L., Krouse, H.R., and Brand, W.A., 1994, On-line sulfur-isotope determination using an elemental analyzer coupled to a mass spectrometer: Analytical Chemistry, v. 66, p. 2816-2819.
29. Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I., and Gardoll, S., 2001, Orogenic gold and geologic time: A global synthesis: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 18, p. 1-75.
30. Gorbatschev, R., 1980, The Precambrian development of southern Sweden: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 102, p. 129-136.
31. Gorbatschev, R., 1998, Gillbergaskålen, Glaskogens skollkomplex och några tektoniska huvuddrag i västra Värmland, in Lindh, A., and Gorbatschev, R., eds., Beskrivning till berggrundskartan över Värmlands län, Västra Värmlands berggrund: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ba 45, p. 269-392. (in Swedish with English summary)
32. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G., and Robert, F., 1998, Orogenic gold deposits: A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 13, p. 7-27.
33. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Knox-Robinson, C.M., Ojala, J., Gardoll, S., Yun, G.Y., and Holyland, P., 2000, Late kinematic timing of orogenic gold depositsand Significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn block, Western Australia: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 17,p. 1-38.
34. Haas, J.L. Jr., 1971, The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 66, p. 940-946.
35. Ihlen, P.M., 1978, Ore deposits in the north-eastern part of the Oslo region and the adjacent Precambrian areas, in Neumann, E.-R., Ramberg, I.B., eds., Petrology and geochemistry of continental rifts: Proceedings of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advanced Study Institute, Oslo, 1977, Dordrecht, Reidel, p. 277-286.
36. Ihlen, P.M., 1986, Late Proterozoic gold deposits of the Eidsvoll-Odalen district, southeast Norway [abs.]: Terra Cognita, v. 6, p. 538.
37. Ihlen, P.M., 1995, Geology of gold deposits in the Eidsvoll-Odalen region, Norway, in Sundblad, K., Ihlen, P.M., and Alm, E., Gold deposits ill southern Norway and Sweden: Excursion guidebook, Open File Series 95/10, Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, p. 134-147.
38. Ihlen, P.M., Ineson, P.R., and Mitchell, J.G., 1978, K/Ar dating of clay-mineral alteration associated with ore deposition in the northern part of the Oslo region, in Neumann, E.-R., Ramberg, I.B., eds., Petrology and geochemistry of continental rifts: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Advanced Study Institute, Oslo, 1977, Dordrecht, Reidel, Proceedings, p. 255-264.
39. 13C studies: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v, 184, p. 211-224.
40. Jia, Y., Li, X., and Kerrich, R., 2001, Stable isotope (O, H, S, C, and N) systematics of quartz vein systems in the turbidite-hosted central and north Deborah gold deposits of the Bendigo gold field, central Victoria, Australia: Constraints on the origin of ore-forming fluids: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 96, p. 705-721.
41. Johansson, Å., 1985, The Dalslandian sulphide-bearing quartz veins of Dalsland and Värmskog, southwest Sweden: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, C 809, 48 p.
42. 2 in fluid inclusions: Theoretical modelling and geological applications: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Amsterdam, Free University, 206 p.
43. Koons, P.O., and Craw, D., 1991, Gold mineralization as a consequence of continental collision: An example from the Southern Alps, New Zealand: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 103, p. 1-9.
44. Kumpulainen, R.A., 1996, Some sedimentological aspects of the Dal group, Dalsland: GFF, v. 118, p. 117-118.
45. Larson, S.Å., Cornell, D.H., and Armstrong, R.A., 1999, Emplacement ages and metamorphic overprinting of granitoids in the Sveconorwegian province in Värmland, Sweden-An ion probe study: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, v. 79, p. 87-96.
46. Larsson, W., 1956, Berggrunden, in Larsson, W., and Sandegren, R., Beskrivning till kartbladet Vårvik: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Aa 187, p. 10-127. (in Swedish)
47. Lattanzi, P.F., Curti, E., and Bastogi, M., 1989, Fluid inclusion studies on the gold deposits of the upper Anzasca Valley, northwestern Alps, Italy. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 84, p. 1382-1397.
48. Loucks, R.R., and Mavrogenes, J.A., 1999, Gold solubility in supercritical hydrothermal brines measured in synthetic fluid inclusions: Science, v. 284, p. 2159-2163.
49. Lundegårdh, P.H., 1989, Leta guld i Värmland (Search for gold in Värmland): Wermland Guldbrytning AB och AB Bergsråder Lundegårdh, 34 p. (in Swedish)
50. Lundegårdh, P.H., 1995, Beskrivning till berggrundskartan över Värmlands Län. Östra och mellersta Värmland berggrund: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ba 45, 180 p. (in Swedish, with English summary)
51. Lundergårdh, P.H., Lindh, A., and Gorbatschev, R., 1992, Bedrock geology of Värmland County: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ba 45, scale 1: 250,000.
52. Lundqvist, I., and Skiöld, T., 1993, U-Pb zircon dating of volcanic rocks of the Åmål Group, western Sweden, in Lundquist, T., ed., Radiometric dating results: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, C 823, p. 24-31.
53. Månsson, A.G.M., 1996, Brittle reactivation of ductile basement structures, a tectonic model for the Lake Vättern basin, southern Sweden: GFF, v. 118, p. A19.
54. Matsuhisa, Y., Goldsmith, J.R., and Clayton, R.N., 1979, Oxygen isotopic fractionation in the system quartz-albite-anorthite-water: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, p. 1131-1140.
55. Möller, C., 1998, Decompressed eclogites in the Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) orogen of SW Sweden: Petrology and tectonic implications: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 16, p. 641-656.
56. 2O: I. The ice liquidus at I atm total pressure: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, p. 603-610.
57. Oen, I.S., and Kieft, C., 1984, Paragenetic relations of Bi-, Ag-, Au-, and other tellurides in bornite veins at Glava, Värmland, Sweden: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abh. 149, p. 245-266.
58. Ohmoto, H., 1972, Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 67, p. 551-578.
59. Ohmoto, H., 1986, Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposits, in Valley, J.W., Taylor, H.P., and O'Neil, J.R., eds, Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 491-560.
60. Ohmoto, H., and Rye, R.O., 1979, Isotopes of sulfur and carbon, in Barnes, H.L., ed., Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits-second edition: New York, Wiley, p. 509-567.
61. 39Ar geochronological constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the eastern segment of the Sveconorwegian orogen, south-central Sweden, in Brewer, T.S., ed., Precambrian crustal evolution in the North Atlantic region: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 112, p. 315-330.
62. Park, R.G., Åhäll, K.-I., and Boland, M.P., 1991, The Sveconorwegian shear-zone network of SW Sweden in relation to mid-Proterozoic plate movements: Precambrian Research, v. 49, p. 245-260.
63. Persson, P.-O., Wahlgren, C.-H., and Hansen, B.T., 1983, U-Pb ages of Proterozoic metaplutonics in the gneiss complex of southern Värmlland, southwestern Sweden: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 105, p. 1-8.
64. Piontek, J.E., Connelly, J.N., and Åhäll, K.-I., 1998, 1.3 Ga anorogenic magmatism in southwest Sweden [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. A-293.
65. 2O: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 5, p. 603-607.
66. Romer, R.L., and Smeds, S.-A., 1996, U-Pb columbite ages of of pegmatites from Sveco-norwegian terranes in southwestern Sweden: Precambrian Research, v. 76, p. 15-30.
67. Seward, T.M., 1993, The hydrothermal geochemistry of gold, in Foster, R.P., ed., Gold metallogeny and exploration: London, Chapman and Hall, p. 37-62.
68. Shepherd, T., Rankin, A.H., and Alderton, D.H.M., 1985, A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies: London, Blackie, 239 p.
69. Skjermaa, L., 1972, The discovery of a regional crush belt in the Ørje area, southeast Norway: Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, v. 52, p. 459-461.
70. Söderlund, U., 1999. Geochronology of tectonothermal events in the parautochthonous Eastern segment of the Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) orogen, southwestern Sweden: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Lund, Sweden, Lund University, 140 p.
71. Söderlund, U., Jarl, L.-G., Persson, P.-O., Stephens, M.B., and Wahlgren, C.-H., 1999, Protolith ages and timing of deformation in the eastern, marginal part of the Sveconorwegian orogen, southwestern Sweden: Precambrian Research, v. 94, p. 29-48.
72. Söderlund, U., Möller, C., Andersson, J., Johansson, L., and Whithehouse, M., 2002, Zincon geochronology in polymetamorphic evidence in the Sveconorwegian orogen, SW Sweden: Ion microprobe evidence for 1.46-1.42 and 0.98-0.96 reworking: Precambrian Research, v. 113, p. 193-225.
73. Stein, H.J., Morgan, J.W., Markey, R.J., and Hannah, J.L., 1999a, The status of the Re-Os chronometer for dating sulphides and oxides, in Stanley et al., eds., Mineral deposits: Processes to processing, Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 1291-1294.
74. Stein, H.J., 1999b, Re-Os dating of Au deposits in Precambrian terranes, in Cook, N.J., and Sundblad, K., eds., Precambrian gold in the Fennoscandian and Ukrainian shields and related areas: Norwegian Geological Survey, Gold '99, Trondheim, Extended abstracts volume, p. 144-147.
75. Stephens, M.B., Wahlgren, C.-H., Weijermars, R., and Cruden, A.R., 1996, Left-lateral transpressive deformation and its tectonic implications, Sveconorwegian orogen, Baltic shield, southwestern Sweden: Precambrian Research, v. 79, p. 261-279.
76. Sundblad, K., Ihlen, P.M., and Alm, E., 1995, Cold deposits in southern Norway and Sweden, in Excursion guidebook: Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Open File Series 95/10, p. 121-181.
77. Tegengren, F.R., 1924, Sveriges ädlare malmer och bergverk: Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ca 17, 406 p. (in Swedish)
78. Wahlgren, C.-H., 1988, The Järnsjön-Västra Silen Shear zone-An example of Sveconorwegian thrusting in SW Sweden: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 110, p. 420-422.
79. Wahlgren, C.-H., Cruden, A.R., and Stephens, M.B., 1994, Kinematics of a major fan-like structure in the eastern part of the Sveconorwegian orogen, Baltic shield, south-central Sweden: Precambrian Research, v. 70, p. 67-91.