Parametrization of momentum and energy depositions from gravity waves generated by tropospheric hydrodynamic sources

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1570-1580

  Gavrilov, N M ^a  

^a ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0642373143     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-997-1570-4     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Bacmeister, J. T., Mountain-wave drag in the stratosphere and mesosphere inferred from observed winds and a simple mountain-wave parametrization scheme, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 377-399, 1993
2. Belov, P. N., Numerical methods of weather forecast, Hydrometeoizdat Press, Leningrad, 1975.
3. Bertin, F., J. Testud, L. Kersley, and P. R. Rees, The meteorological jet stream as a source of medium scale gravity waves in the thermosphere: an experimental study, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 40, 1161-1183, 1978.
4. Brodhun, D., G. Bull, and I. Neisser, On the identification of tropospheric sources of gravity waves observed in the mesosphere, Z. Meteorol., 24, 299-308, 1974.
5. Chunchuzov, I. P., On a possible generation mechanism for nonstationary mountain waves in the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2196-2206, 1994.
6. Dikiy, L. A., Theory of oscillations of the Earth atmosphere, Hydrometeoizdat Press, Leningrad, 1969.
7. Dong, B., and K. C. Yeh, Resonant and nonresonant wave-wave interactions in an isothermal atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 93(D4), 3729-3744, 1988.
8. Drobyazko, I. N., and V. N. Krasilnikov, Acoustic-gravity wave generation by atmospheric turbulence, Radiophys., Izv VUZ of USSR, 28, 1357-1365, 1985.
9. Einaudi, F., D. P. Lalas, and G. E. Perona, The role of gravity waves in tropospheric processes, Pure Appl. Geophys., 117, 627-663, 1978.
10. Fritts, D. C., Shear excitation of atmospheric gravity waves, 2. Nonlinear radiation from a free shear layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 524-537, 1984.
11. Fritts, D. C., and W. Lu, Spectral estimates of gravity wave energy and momentum fluxes. Part 2: parametrization of wave forcing and variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3695-3713, 1993.
12. Fritts, D. C., and Z. Luo, Gravity wave excitation by geostrophic adjustment of the jet stream, Part 1: two-dimensional forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 681-697, 1992.
13. Fritts, D. C., and G. D. Nastrom, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, Part 2: frontal, convective and jet stream excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 111-127, 1992.
14. Fovell, R., D. Durran, and J. R. Holton, Numerical simulation of convectively generated stratospheric gravity waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1427-1442, 1992.
15. -5/3 law inertial range in mesoscale two-dimensional turbulence, J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1950-1953, 1979.
16. Gavrilov, N. M., On the nonlinear generation of wave motions in the atmosphere by quasi-geostrophic and eddy motions, Meteorol res., Geophys. committee of USSR Acad. Sci. Press, Moscow, 13, 49-71, 1987.
17. Gavrilov, N. M., On the generation of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere by mesoscale turbulence, Investigations of dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere, Hydrometeoizdat Press, Moscow, 74-77, 1988.
18. Gavrilov N. M., Parametrization of accelerations and heat flux divergences produced by internal gravity waves in the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 707-713, 1990.
19. Gavrilov N. M., Internal gravity waves in the mesopause region: hydrodynamical sources and climatological patterns, Adv. Space Res., 12, (10)113-(10)121, 1992.
20. Gavrilov N. M. and G. M. Shved, On the closure of equation system for the turbulized layer of the upper atmosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 31, 375-388, 1975.
21. Gavrilov N. M. and V. A. Yudin, Numerical modelling of the IGW propagation from nonstationary tropospheric sources. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 23, 241-248, 1987.
22. Gavrilov N. M. and V. A. Yudin, Model for coefficients of turbulence and effective Prandtl number produced by breaking gravity waves in the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7619-7624, 1992.
23. Gavrilov N. M., S. Fukao, T. Nakamura, M. D. Yamanaka, and M. Yamamoto, On the influence of the mean wind on the anisotropy of internal gravity waves in the middle atmosphere, Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 1355-1356, 1995.
24. Gavrilov N. M., S. Fukao, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, M. D. Yamanaka, and M. Yamamoto, Statistical analysis of gravity waves observed with the MU radar in the middle atmosphere: 1. Method and general characteristics. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D23), 29511-29521, 1996.
25. Gill, A., Atmosphere-ocean dynamics, Academic Press, New York, 1982.
26. Golitsyn, G. S., N. N. Romanova, and E. P. Chunchuzov, On generation of internal waves in the atmosphere by sea-way, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 12, 319-323, 1976.
27. Grigoriev, G. I., and O. N. Savina, Transition emission of acoustic-gravity waves, Radiophy., Izv. VUZ of the USSR, 26, 135-141, 1983.
28. Grachev, A. I., L. A. Lobachevskiy, L. K. Matveev, M. I. Mordukhovich, O. S. Sergeenko, Thick convective cloudiness as a source of internal waves in the troposphere and ionosphere, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 20, 173-177, 1984.
29. Hamilton, K., A study of the occurrence of dynamically unstable conditions in the middle atmosphere, Can. J. Phys., 62, 963-967, 1984.
30. Hines, C. O., A possible source of waves in noctilucent clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 937-942, 1968.
31. Hines, C. O., Doppler-spread parameterization of gravity-wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part 1: basic formulation. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 59, 371-386, 1997.
32. Holton, J. R., The influence of gravity wave breaking on the general circulation of the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2497-2507, 1983.
33. Huang, Y. N., K. Cheng, and S. W. Chen, On the detection of acoustic-gravity waves generated by typhoon by use of real time HF Doppler frequency shift sounding system, Radio Sci., 20, 897-906, 1985.
34. Jacobson, A. R., and R. C. Carlos, Observations of acoustic-gravity waves in the thermosphere following Space Shuttle ascents, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 525-528, 1994.
35. Kazimirovsky, E. S., Effects of thunderstorms in ionospheric processes in Investigations in geomagnetizm, agronomy and solar phys., Nauka Press, Moscow, 66, 170-192, 1983.
36. Kersley, L., and P. R. Rees, Tropospheric gravity waves and their possible association with medium-scale travelling disturbances, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 147-159, 1982.
37. Kibel, I. A., On the adaptation of air motion to geostrophic one, Rep. USSR Acad. Sci., 104, 60-63, 1955.
38. Kulikov, V. V., V. M. Shashunkina, and L. A. Yudovich, Generation of internal gravity waves after the "Skylab" fall, Geomagn. Aeron., 22, 500-502, 1982.
39. Laprise, J. P. R., An assessment of the WKBJ approximation to the vertical structure of linear mountain waves: implications for gravity-wave drag parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1469-1487, 1993.
40. Ley, B. E., and W. R. Peltier, Wave generation and frontal collapse, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 3-17, 1978.
41. Lighthill, M. J., On sound generated aerodynamically, 1. General theory, Proc. R. Soc. London, A211, 564-587, 1952.
42. Lighthill, M. J., Waves in fluids, Cambridge University Press, 1978.
43. Lilly, D. K., Stratified turbulence and the mesoscale variability of the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 749-761, 1983.
44. Lindzen, R. S., Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9707-9714, 1981.
45. Lindzen, R. S., Gravity waves in the mesosphere, in Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere, Dordrecht Press, Tokyo, 3-18, 1984.
46. Lindzen, R. S., and J. Forbes, Turbulence originated from convectively stable internal waves, J. Geophys. Res., 88(C11), 6549-6553, 1983.
47. Lipovskiy, V. D., Linear theory of acoustic-gravity waves emission by moving sources, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv USSR Acad. Sci., 17, 1134-1141, 1981.
48. Lott, F., and H. Teitelbaum, Topographic waves generated by a transient wind, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2607-2654, 1993.
49. Manzini, E., and K. Hamilton, Middle atmospheric travelling waves forced by latent and convective heating, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2180-2200, 1993.
50. Matsuno, T., A quasi-one-dimensional model of the middle atmosphere circulation interacting with internal gravity waves, J. Meterol. Soc. Japan, 60, 215-226, 1982.
51. McLandress, C., and N. A. McFarlane, Interactions between orographic gravity wave drag and forced stationary planetary waves in the winter northern hemisphere middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1966-1990, 1993.
52. Medvedev, A. S., and N. M. Gavrilov, The nonlinear mechanism of gravity wave generation by meteorological motions in the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1221-1231, 1995.
53. Medvedev, A. S., and G. P. Klaassen, Vertical evolution of gravity wave spectra and the parameterization of associated wave drag, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25, 841-853, 1995.
54. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Yaglom, Statistical hydromechanics, Nauka Press, Moscow, 1965.
55. Murayama, Y., T. Tsuda, and S. Fukao, Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere observed with the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D11), 23057-23069, 1994.
56. Nagpal, O. P., The sources of atmospheric gravity waves, Contemp. Phys., 20, 593-609, 1979.
57. Nastrom, G. D., and D. C. Fritts, Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, Part 1: topographic excitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 101-110, 1992.
58. Obukhov, A. M., On the problem of geostrophic wind, Geophys. Geograph., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 13, 281-306, 1949.
59. Pedlosky, J., Geophysical fluid dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York Berlin Heidelberg, 1982.
60. Pertsev, N. N., Disturbance of the atmosphere caused by flowing around an isolated mountain, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 19, 570-575, 1983.
61. Pfister L., S. Scott, M. Loewenstein, S. Bowen, and M. Legg, Mesoscale disturbances in the tropical stratosphere excited by convection: observations and effects on the stratospheric momentum budget, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1058-1075, 1993a.
62. Pfister, L., K. R. Chan, T. P. Bui, S. Bowen, M. Legg, B. Gary, K. Kelly, M. Proffitt, and W. Starr, Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program: a case study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8611-8638, 1993b.
63. Roberts, D. H., J. A. Klobuchar, P. F. Fougere, and D. H. Hendricson, Large-amplitude travelling ionospheric disturbance produced by the May 18, 1980 explosion of Mount St. Helene, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 6291-6301, 1982.
64. Rossby, C. G., On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distribution in certain simple current systems, J. Mar. Res., 1, 15-28, 1937.
65. Rozenfeld, S. H., On the damping of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere due to generation of secondary harmonics, Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Izv. USSR Acad. Sci., 19, 1011-1019, 1983.
66. Samardjiev, D., and C. Pashova, Wave ionospheric disturbances observed after earthquake on 4.III.1977 at Vrancha, Bulg. Geophys. Descript., 5, 44-51, 1982.
67. Schaning B., Long-term variation of thunderstorm activity over the Amazon basin during southern summer as derived from atmospheric noise measurements. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 1329-1336, 1992.
68. Schoeberl, M. R., The penetration of mountain waves into the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2856-2864, 1985.
69. Somsikov, V. M., On mechanisms for the formation of atmospheric irregularities in the solar terminator region, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 75-84, 1995.
70. Sonmor, L. J., and G. P. Klaassen, Higher-order resonant instabilities of internal gravity waves, J. Fluid Mech., 324, 1-23, 1996.
71. Stein, R. S., Generation of acoustic and gravity waves by turbulence in an isothermal stratified atmosphere, Solar Phys., 2, 285-432, 1967.
72. Sutherland, B. R., C. P. Caulfield, and W. R. Peltier, Internal gravity wave generation and hydrodynamic instability, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3261-3280, 1994.
73. Townsend, A. A, Excitation of internal waves by a turbulent boyndary layer, J. Fluid. Mech., 22, 241-252, 1965.
74. Townsend, A. A., Internal waves produced by a convective layer, J. Fluid. Mech., 24, 307-319, 1966.
75. Varshavskiy, I. I., and A. D. Kalikhman, Ionospheric effects of ground industrial explosions, Geomagn. Aeron., 24, 211-216, 1984.
76. Weinstock, J., Nonlinear theory of gravity waves: momentum deposition, generalized Rayleigh friction, and diffusion, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1698-1710, 1982.
77. Weinstock, J., Saturated and unsaturated spectra of gravity waves and scale-dependent diffusion, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2211-2225, 1990.