[Formula presented] violation and the standard model

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

Volumn 55, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 6760-6774

  Colladay, Don ^a   Kostelecký, V Alan ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0642363981     PISSN: 15507998     EISSN: 15502368     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.6760     Document Type: Article

References (52)

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32. The effective coupling constants are also invariant under the individual discrete transformations (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) The (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) properties of the various terms in Eqs. (3) and (4) are therefore determined by the standard (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) transformation properties of ψ.
33. At the quantum level, there is a unitarily implementable equivalence between the Hilbert spaces of the two theories. It is generated by (Formula presented) This Hilbert-space map acts to modify the phase of each state in the original (Formula presented)- and Lorentz-violating theory L[ψ] in a position- and charge-dependent way. Neutral states, including the vacuum, remain unaffected.
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42. The roots (Formula presented) also have arguments (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) which for brevity are omitted throughout.
43. These differences can intuitively be regarded as particle-antiparticle and spin splittings. Although details lie outside our present scope, we note that features of this type suggest a variety of feasible experiments that could be used to bound (Formula presented)-violating parameters in an extension of the standard model (cf. Sec. V).
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49. Allowed terms preserving (Formula presented) but spontaneously breaking particle Lorentz invariance are also restricted. They are given in D. Colladay and V. A. Kostelelecký, Indiana Univ. Report No. IUHET359, 1997 (unpublished).
50. If dimension-five operators are admitted at the unbroken-symmetry level, then among the additional terms appearing after the (Formula presented) breaking could be corresponding dimension-five (Formula presented)-violating terms involving the Higgs field with derivative couplings to fermion-bilinear terms. If such terms are deemed acceptable, the Lagrangian could then also contain dimension-four (Formula presented)-violating fermion-bilinear terms with (covariant) derivatives and couplings proportional to the dimensionless ratio of the Higgs expectation value to a large mass scale. Such derivative terms would be standard-model generalizations of those appearing in Eq. (4) and we expect their treatment to be relatively straightforward, although details of the associated framework along lines discussed for the nonderivative case in previous sections would need to be established.
51. Neutrino-mass terms in a nonminimal standard model would exclude some of the redefinitions but would also avoid any zero-mass issues.
52. The term involving (Formula presented) modifies the photon propagator, so (Formula presented) can be bounded by terrestrial, astrophysical, and cosmological experiments. See Colladay and Kostelelcký 39.