Deriving the normalised ion-neutral collision frequency from EISCAT observations

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1557-1569

  Davies, J A ^a   Lester, M ^a   Robinson, T R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0642281261     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-997-1557-1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Baron, M. J., and R. H. Wand, F-region ion temperature enhancements resulting from Joule heating, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4114, 1983.
2. Brekke, A., R. J. Doupnik, and P. M. Banks, A preliminary study of the neutral wind in the auroral E-region, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 8235, 1973.
3. Brekke, A., C. Hall, and Ø. Pettersen, EISCAT UHF studies of ionosphere currents on June 16-17, 1987, Ann. Geophysicae, 8, 213, 1990.
4. Brekke, A., S. Nozawa, and T. Sparr, Studies of the E-region neutral wind in the quiet auroral ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8801, 1994.
5. Davies, J. A., M. Lester, B. Jenkins, and R. J. Moffett, Dayside ion frictional heating: EISCAT observations and comparison with model results, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 775, 1995.
6. Du Castel, F., and G. Vasseur, Evaluation des performances d'un sondeur ionosphérique à diffusion incohérent, Ann. Telecommun., 27, 239, 1972.
7. Flå T., S. Kirkwood, and K. Schlegel, Collision frequency measurements in the high-latitude E-region with EISCAT, Radio Sci., 20, 785, 1985.
8. Hagfors, T., and R. A. Brokelman, A theory of collision dominated fluctuations in a plasma with applications to incoherent scattering, Phys. Fluids, 14, 1143, 1971.
9. Hedin, A. E., MSIS-86 thermospheric model, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4649, 1987.
10. Huuskonen, A., High-resolution studies of the lower E-region using the incoherent scatter method, PhD Thesis, University of Oulu, 1988.
11. Huuskonen, A., High-resolution observations of the collision frequency and temperatures with the EISCAT UHF radar, Planet. Space Sci., 37, 211, 1989.
12. Huuskonen, A., T. Nygrén, L. Jalonen, and J. Oksman, The effect of electric field-induced vertical convection on the precipitation E-layer, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 927, 1984.
13. Huuskonen, A., T. Nygrén, L. Jalonen, T. Turunen, and J. Silen, High resolution EISCAT observations of the ion-neutral collision frequency in the lower E-region, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 827, 1986.
14. Kirkwood, S., Seasonal and tidal variations of neutral temperatures and densities in the high-latitude lower thermosphere measured by EISCAT, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 817, 1986.
15. Kofman, W., C. Lathuillère, and B. Pibaret, Neutral atmosphere studies in the altitude range 90-110 km using EISCAT, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 837, 1986.
16. Kunitake, M., and K. Schlegel, Neutral winds in the lower thermosphere at high latitudes from five years of EISCAT data, Ann. Geophysicae, 9, 143, 1991.
17. Lathuillère, C., V. B. Wickwar, and W. Kofman, Incoherent scatter measurements of ion-neutral collision frequencies and temperatures in the lower thermosphere of the auroral region, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 137, 1983.
18. Lathuillère, C., D. Hubert, C. La Hoz, and W. Kofman, Evidence of anisotropic temperatures of molecular ions in the auroral ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 163, 1991.
19. Løvhaug, U. P., and T. Flå, Ion temperature anisotropy in the auroral F-region as measured with EISCAT, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 959, 1986.
20. McBride, J. B., E. Ott, J. P. Boris, and J. H. Orens, Theory and simulation of turbulent heating by the modified two-stream instability, Phys. Fluids, 15, 2367, 1972.
21. McCrea, I. W., M. Lester, T. R. Robinson, N. M. Wade, and T. B. Jones, On the identification and occurrence of ion frictional heating events in the high-latitude ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 587, 1991.
22. ∥ from the study of ion frictional heating events, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15701, 1993.
23. McCrea, I. W., G. O. L. Jones, and M. Lester, The BEAN experiment - an EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies, Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 177, 1995.
24. Nygrén, T., Studies of the E-region ion neutral collision frequency using the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar, Adv. Space Res., 18, 79, 1996.
25. Nygrén, T., L. Jalonen, J. Oksman, and T. Turunen, The role of electric field and neutral wind direction in the formation of sporadic E-layers, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 373, 1984.
26. Nygrén, T., L. Jalonen, and A. Huuskonen, A new method of measuring the ion-neutral collision frequency using incoherent scatter radar, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 337, 1987.
27. Nygrén, T., B. S. Lanchester, L. Jalonen, and A. Huuskonen, A method for determining ion-neutral collision frequency using radar measurements of ion velocity in two directions, Planet. Space Sci., 37, 494, 1989.
28. Salah, J. E., J. V. Evans, and R. H. Wand, E-region measurements at Millstone Hill, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 37, 461, 1975.
29. Schlegel, K., and J.-P. St-Maurice, Anomalous heating of the polar E-region by unstable plasma waves: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1447, 1981
30. Schlegel, K., H. Kohl, and K. Rinnert, Temperature and collision frequency in the polar-E region measured with the incoherent scatter technique, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 710, 1980.
31. Schunk, R. W., and A. F. Nagy, Ionospheres of terrestrial planets, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 18, 813, 1980.
32. Schunk, R. W., and J. C. G. Walker, Ion velocity distributions in the auroral ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 20, 2175, 1972.
33. Schunk, R. W., and J. C. G. Walker, Theoretical ion densities in the lower ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 21, 1875, 1973.
34. St-Maurice, J.-P., and R. W. Schunk, Auroral ion velocity distributions for a polarization collision model, Planet. Space Sci., 25, 243, 1977.
35. St-Maurice, J.-P., K. Schlegel, and P. M. Banks, Anomalous heating of the polar E-region by unstable plasma waves: 2. Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1453, 1981.
36. Virdi, T. S., and P. J. S. Williams, Altitude variations in the amplitude and phase of tidal oscillations at high-latitude, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 697, 1993.
37. Virdi, T. S., G. O. L. Jones, and P. J. S. Williams, EISCAT observations of the E-region semidiurnal tide, Nature, 324, 354, 1968.
38. Wand, R. H., Semidiurnal tide in the E-region from incoherent scatter measurements at Arecibo, Radio Sci., 11, 641, 1976.
39. Wand, R. H., and F. H. Perkins, Radar Thomson scatter observations of temperature and ion-neutral collision frequency in the E-region, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 6370, 1968.
40. Wickwar, V. B., C. Lathuillère, W. Kofman, and G. Lejeune, Elevated electron temperatures in the auroral E-layer measured with the Chatanika radar, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 4721, 1981.
41. Williams, P. J. S., and T. S. Virdi, EISCAT observations of tidal modes in the lower ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 569, 1989.
42. Williams, P. J. S., T. S. Virdi, S. W. H. Cowley, and M. Lester, Short-lived bursts of plasma velocity in the auroral zone: 1. Observational evidence from radar measurements. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 421, 1990.