The Impact of the Internet on Community Pharmacy Practice: A Comparison of a Delphi Panel's Forecast with Emerging Trends

Health Marketing Quarterly

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 3-29

  Holmes, Erin R ^a   Tipton, David J ^a   Desselle, Shane P ^a  

^a DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive services; Community pharmacy; Delphi; E pharmacy; Internet pharmacies; Marketing strategies

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ARTICLE; COGNITION; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FORECASTING; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH SERVICE; INDUSTRY; INTERNET; MARKETING; MEDICAL PRACTICE; ONLINE SYSTEM; PHARMACEUTICS; PHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; PURCHASING; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIOLOGY; CONSENSUS; DELPHI STUDY; ECONOMICS; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG;

CONSENSUS; DELPHI TECHNIQUE; DRUGS, NON-PRESCRIPTION; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; INTERNET; MARKETING; PHARMACIES; PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUG; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0642278056     PISSN: 07359683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J026v20n02_02     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Markoff J. High-tech executives urge action on world's digital divide. New York Times, July 20, 2000;A6.
2. Clinton WJ. Address to the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting. January 29, 2000. Available at: http://www.weforum.org. Accessed April 4, 2000.
3. E-health care. The Internet Revolution. Pfizer Journal. 2000;4(2):4-7.
4. Mittman R, Cain M. The Future of the Internet in Health Care: Five Year Forecast. Oakland, CA: California HealthCare Foundation, 1999.
5. Health on the Net Foundation (HON). 5th HON survey on the evolution of Internet use for health purposes. Available at: http://www.hon.ch/Survey/ ResultsSummary_ oct_nov99.html. Accessed March 21, 2002.
6. Henkel J. Buying drugs online: It's convenient and private, but beware of 'rogue sites.' FDA Consumer. 2000;34:24-29.
7. General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Requesters. Internet Pharmacies Adding Disclosure Requirements Would Aid State and Federal Oversight. Available at: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0169.pdf. Accessed April 18, 2002.
8. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites (VIPPS™) Most Frequently Asked Questions. Available at: http://www.nabp. net/vipps/consumer/faq.asp. Accessed February 13, 2001.
9. American Medical Association. AMA Testimony on the Risks and Benefits of On-Line Pharmacies. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/basic/article/177-486-1.html. Accessed February 16, 2001.
10. Food and Drug Administration. Buying Medicines and Medical Products On-line. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/oc/buyonline/default.htm. Accessed February 13, 2002.
11. Brakeman L. Feds prescribe regs for online pharmacies. Managed Healthcare. 1999;9(9):48.
12. Patterson DS. Internet presence creates marketing opportunities. Community Pharmacist. 2000;92(2):19-23.
13. West DS. On-line pharmacies: Implications for the future. Drug Topics. 2000; 9:83.
14. Peterson AM. A survey of selected Internet pharmacies in the United States. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001;41:205-212.
15. Anonymous. Undue Influence? PBMs expand their reach. America's Pharmacist. 1999;121:18-21.
16. Berner R. Pharmacy benefit managers launch own online shops-pure play drugstores are blocked from exclusive mail order contracts. Wall Street Journal. July 27, 1999:1.
17. CyberAtlas. Online healthcare market looks energized. Available at: http:// cyberatlas.internet.com/markets/retailing/article/0,1323,6061_153701,00. html. Accessed April 5, 2002.
18. Kantor A. The corner drugstore moves to cyberspace. Hospital Practice. 2000; 35:29-32.
19. Cardinale V. Report predicts bright on-line pharmacy future. Drug Topics. 2000; 144(11):27.
20. Goetz J, Lund G. What the law allows. Pharmaceutical Executive. 2000;20(8): 76-84.
21. Wagner ML, Alonso J, Mehlhorn AJ. Comparison of Internet and community pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother. 2001;35:116-119.
22. Oliver AJ. Internet pharmacies: Regulation of a growing industry. J Law Med Ethics. 2000;28(1):98-101.
23. Porter R. Internet pharmacies: Who's minding the store? Trial. 2000; 36(5):12-15.
24. Conlan MF. Consumers speak out. Drug Topics. 2000;144(6):71-81.
25. Conlan MF. On-line business shake-up: From here, where? Drug Topics. 2001;145(5):29-30.
26. Otrompke J. Pharmacy benefit managers use the Internet for savings. Business and Health. 2001;19(7):43-44.
27. Anonymous. Another balancing act for independents. America's Pharmacist. 1999;121(Apr):18-22.
28. Anonymous. E-pharmacy: Unstoppable and unprofessional. Chemist & Druggist. 2000;254(Feb 26):42-43.
29. Guice J. Looking backward and forward at the Internet. The Information Society. 1998;14:201-211.
30. Ries A and Ries L. The Eleven Immutable Laws of Internet Branding. New York, NY: Harper Business, 2000.
31. Christensen CM, Tedlow RS. Patterns of disruption in retailing. Harvard Business Review. 2000;78(1):42-45.
32. Helmer O. Social Technology. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc., 1966, p. 22.
33. Jantsch E. Technological forecasting techniques in perspective. In: Urban Planning, H. Robinson, ed. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1972, p. 155.
34. Donabedian A. The Criteria and Standards of Quality, Vol. II: Explorations in Quality Assessment and Monitoring. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press, 1982, p. 154.
35. Delbecq AL, Van de Ven AH, Gustafson DH. Group Techniques for Program Planning. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1975.
36. Williamson JW. Assessing and Improving Health Care Outcomes: The Health Accounting Approach to Quality Assurance. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing, 1978, p. 327.
37. Roster of Faculty and Professional Staff 1998-1999. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Alexandria, VA, 1998.
38. SPSS Base 10.0 User's Guide. SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, 1999.
39. Desselle SP. Pharmacists' perceptions of a set of pharmaceutical care practice standards. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1997;NS37(5):529-534.
40. Rappaport HM. A methodology for the identification and assessment of health planning goals: application to pharmacy services. J Soc Admn Pharm. 1983;1(4): 161-171.
41. Gallagher JC, Colaizzi JL. Issues in Internet pharmacy practice. Ann Pharmacother. 2000;34:1483-1485.
42. Bloom BS, Iannacone RC. Internet availability of prescription pharmaceuticals to the public. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:830-833.
43. Armstrong K, Schwarz JS, Asch DA. Direct sale of sildenafil (Viagra) to consumers over the Internet. New Eng J Med. 1999;341:1389-1392.
44. Yang Z, Peterson RT, Huang L. Taking the pulse of Internet pharmacies. Mark Health Serv. 2001;21(2):4-10.
45. Landis NT. Virtual pharmacies boast easy access, privacy safeguards. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1999;56:1777-1779.
46. Zellmer WA. Role of pharmacy organizations in transforming the profession: The case of pharmaceutical care. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2001;58:2041-2049.
47. Cooksey JA, Knapp KK, Walton SM, Cultice JM. Challenges to the pharmacist profession from escalating pharmaceutical demand. Health Affair 2002;21(5): 182-187.
48. Conlan MF. Community pharmacies do more than just dispense Rxs. Drug Topics. 2000;144(23):70.
49. Felkley BG, Fox BI. Using the Internet to enhance pharmacy-based patient care services. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001;41(4):529-538.
50. Levy S. Chains, independents make some gains in technology. Drug Topics. 2001;145(23):34.
51. E-Commerce Times. Internet Drug Stores Struggle for Level Playing Field. Available at: http://www.ecommercetimes.com/perl/story/15409.html. Accessed September 14, 2002.
52. PlanetRx.com. PlanetRx.com announces board of directors' decision to pursue plan of liquidation [press release]. Available at: www.planetrx.com/ press_release. html. Accessed May 13, 2001.
53. Westerman, E. Organizing for e-business: lessons from the retail drug industry. Cutter IT Journal [periodical online]. January 2001. Available at: http://www.cutter. com/itjournal/itj0101c.html. Accessed May 31, 2001.
54. Marwick C. Several groups attempting regulation of Internet Rx. JAMA. 1999;281:975-6.
55. Skolnick AA. WHO considers regulating ads, sale of medical products on the Internet. JAMA. 1997;278:1723-4.
56. Dyer C. Internet sales of prescription drugs investigated. BMJ. 1996;313:645.
57. National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. NABP verifiable Internet pharmacy practice sites. Available at: http://www.nabp.org. Accessed April 19, 2002.
58. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Online Pharmacy FAQs. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/oc/buyonline/prfaqs.html. Accessed September 15, 2002.
59. E-Commerce Times. Clinton cracks down on net pharmacies. Available at: http://www.ecommercetimes.com/perl/story/2791.html. Accessed September 15, 2002.
60. Dalkey NC, Rourke DL, Lewis R, Snyder D. The Quality of Life: Delphi Decision-Making. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1972, p. 18.
61. Donabedian, op. cit., p. 179.