Remediation of metal-contaminated sites using plants

Remediation

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 1-18

  Azadpour, Azadeh ^a   Matthews, John E ^b  

^a DYNAMAC CORPORATION   (United States)

^b Environmental Consultant   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0542450659     PISSN: 10515658     EISSN: 15206831     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/rem.3440060302     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Al-Attar, A. F., M. H. Martin, and G. Nickless. 1988. “Uptake and Toxicity of Cadmium, Mercury, and Thallium to Lolium Perenne Seedlings.” Chemosphere. 17 (6): 1219–1225.
2. Allinson, D. W., and C. Dzialo. 1981. “The Influence of Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel on the Growth of Ryegrass and Oats.” Plant and Soil. 62: 81–89.
3. Antonovics, J., A. D. Bradshow, and R. G. Turner. 1971. “Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants.” Adv. Ecol. Res. 7: 1–85.
4. Ashida, J., N. Higashi, and T. Kikuchi. 1963. “An Electromicroscopic Study on Copper Precipitation by Copper-Resistant Yeast Cells.” Protoplasm. 57: 27–32.
5. Baker, A. J. M. 1978. “Ecophysiological Aspects of Zinc Tolerance in Silene Maritima.” New Phytol. 80: 635–642.
6. Baker, A. J. M. 1981. “Accumulators and Excluders Strategies in Response of Plants to Heavy Metals.” J. Plant Nutrition. 3 (1–4): 643–654.
7. Baker, A. J. M., and R. R. Brooks. 1989. “Terrestrial Higher Plants Which Hyperaccumulate Metallic Elements—A Review of Their Distribution, Ecology and Phytochemistry.” Biorecovery. 1: 81–126.
8. Baker, A. J. M., R. D. Reves, and S. P. McGrath. 1991. In-Situ Decontamination of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils Using Crops of Metal-Accumulating Plants—A Feasibility Study. In In-Situ Bioreclamation (R. E. Hinchee and R. F. Olfenbuttel, eds.) Butterworth-Heinemann, Inc. pp. 600–605.
9. Barcelo, J., and C. Poschenrieder. 1990. “Plant Water Relations as Affected by Heavy Metal Stress: A Review.” J. Plant Nutrition. 13 (1): 1–37.
10. Barcelo, J., M. D. Vazquez, and C. Poschenrieder. 1988. “Structural and Ultrastructural Disorders in Cadmium-Treated Bush Bean Plants (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.).” New Phytol. 108: 37–49.
11. Barman, S. C., and M. M. Lal. 1994. “Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, and Lead) in Soil and Cultivated Vegetables and Weeds Grown in Industrially Polluted Fields.” J. Environ. Biol. 15 (2): 107–115.
12. Becceril, J. M., A. Munoz-Rueda, P. Aparicio-Tejo, and C. Gonzales-Murua. 1988. “The Effect of Cadmium and Lead on Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Clover and Lucerne.” Plant Physiol. Biochem. 26: 357–363.
13. Bell, R. M., and P. R. Sferra. 1992. Higher Plant Accumulation of Organic Pollutants from Soils. U.S. EPA Technol. Ser. EPA/600/R-92/138.
14. Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, R. J. Mahler, and T. J. Ganje. 1975. “Growth and Accumulation of Plants Grown on Soil Treated with Cadmium Enriched Sewage Sludge.” J. Environ. Qual. 4: 207–211.
15. Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, R. J. Mahler, and T. J. Ganje. 1976. “Yield and Cadmium Accumulation of Forage Species in Relation to Cadmium Content of Sludge-Amended Soil.” J. Environ. Qual. 5: 57–60.
16. Bradly, R., A. J. Burt, and D. J. Read. 1982. “The Biology of Mycorrhiza in the Ericacea: The Role of Mycorrhizal Infection in Heavy Metal Resistance.” New Phytol. 91: 197–209.
17. Bradshow, A. D., M. O. Humpherys, and M. S. Johnson. 1978. “The Value of Heavy Metal Tolerance in the Revegetation of Metalliferous Mine Wastes.” Environ. Management of Mineral Wastes. 311–334.
18. Brookes, P. C., S. P. McGrath, and C. Heijnen. 1986. “Metal Residues in Soils Previously Treated with Sewage Sludge and Their Effect on Growth and Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae.” Soil Biol. and Biochem. 18: 345–353.
19. Brown, J. C., J. E. Ambler, R. L. Chaney, and C. D. Foy. 1972. Differential Responses of Plant Genotypes to Micronutrient. In Micronutrient in Agriculture (J. J. Mortvedt, P. M. Giordan, and W. L. Lindsay, eds.) Madison, Wisconsin: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. pp. 389–418.
20. Brown, J. C., and W. E. Jones. 1975. “Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants. 1. A Crisis in Embryo.” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6: 421–438.
21. Brown, S. L., R. L. Chaney, J. S. Angle, and A. J. M. Baker. 1994. “Phytoremediation Potential of Thlaspi Caerulescens and Bladder Campion for Zinc- and Cadmium-Contaminated Soil.” J. Environ. Qual. 23: 1151–1157.
22. Cannon, H. L. 1960. “Botanical Prospecting for Ore Deposits.” Science. 132: 591–598.
23. Chaney, R. L. 1983. “Plant Uptake of Inorganic Wastes Constituents.” In Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes (J. F. Parr et al., eds.) Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Data Corp. pp. 50–76.
24. Chaney, R. L., and P. M. Giordano. 1977. “Microelements as Released to Plant Deficiencies and Toxicities.” In Soils for Management and Utilization of Organic Waste and Waste Waters (L. F. Eliot and F. J. Stevenson, eds.) Madison, Wisconsin: Am. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Am. pp. 233–280.
25. Chaudri, A. M., S. P. McGrath, K. E. Giller, E. Rietz, and D. Sauerbeck. 1993. “Enumeration of Indigenous Rhizobium Leguminosarum Biovar Trifolii in Soils Previously Treated with Metal-Contaminated Sewage Sludge.” Soil Biol. and Biochem. 25: 301–309.
26. Coughtrey, P. J., and M. H. Martin. 1978. “Cadmium Uptake and Distribution in Tolerant and Non-Tolerant Populations of Holcus Lanatus Grown in Solution Culture.” OIKOS. 30: 555–560.
27. Cottenie, A., and L. Kiekens. 1974. Quantitative and Qualitative Plant Response to Extreme Nutritional Conditions. In Plant Analysis and Fertilizer Problem. Proceedings of the Seventh IPI Colloquium Hannover, Fed. Rep. Germany. pp. 543–556.
28. Cox, R. M., and T. C. Hutchinson. 1980. “Multiple Metal Tolerance in Grass Deschampsia Caespitosa (L.) Beauv. from Sudbury Smelting Area.” New Phytol. 84: 635–647.
29. Cumming, R. J., and G. J. Taylor. 1990. Mechanisms of Metal Tolerance in Plants: Physiological Adaptations for Exclusion of Metal Ions from the Cytoplasm. In Stress Responses in Plants: Adaptation and Acclimation Mechanisms (R. Alscher and J. R. Cumming, eds.) New York: Wiley-Liss Inc. pp. 329–356.
30. Cunningham, S. D., W. D. Berti, and J. W. Huang. 1995. Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Sludges by Green Plants. In Phytoremediation. Proceedings of the Third International Conference. In In-Situ and On-Site Bioremediation, San Diego, California.
31. Davis, R. D., and P. H. T. Beckett. 1978. “The Use of Young Plants to Detect Metal Accumulations in Soils.” Water Poll. Control. 77: 193–210.
32. Davis, R. D., and C. Carlton-Smith. 1980. Crops as Indicators of the Significance of Contamination of Soil by Heavy Metals. Technical report TR 140, Stevenge Laboratory. Water Research Centre. p. 44.
33. Dolischka, J., and I. Wagner. 1982. Investigation about Lead and Cadmium in Mild Growing Edible Mushrooms from Differently Polluted Areas. In Recent Developments in Food Analysis (W. Baltes, P. B. Czedik-Eysenberg, and W. Pfannhauser, eds.) Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. pp. 486–491.
34. Dorrington, V. H., and F. B. Pyatt. 1983. “Some Aspects of Tissue Accumulation and Tolerance to Available Heavy Metal Ions by Rubus Fruticosus L., a Colonizer of Spoil Tips in SW England.” Int. J. Environ. Studies. 20: 229–237.
35. Dowdy, R. H., and W. E. Larson. 1975. “The Availability of Sludge-Born Metals to Various Vegetable Crops.” J. Environ. Qual. 4: 278–281.
36. Doyle, P. J., N. J. Lesterand, and R. Perry. 1978. Survey of Literature and Experience on the Disposal of Sewage Sludge on Land. Final Report to the Department of the Environment, London.
37. Ernst, W.H.O. 1972. “Ecophysiological Studies on Heavy Metal Plants in South Central Africa.” Kirkia. 8: 125–145.
38. Ernst, W. H. O. 1975. Physiology of Heavy Metal Resistance in Plants. In First International Symposium on Heavy Metals in the Environment. Vol. II, Pathways and Cycling (T.C. Hutchingson, ed.), pp. 121–136. Toronto, Canada.
39. Ernst, W.H.O. 1976. Physiological and Biological Aspects of Metal Tolerance. In Effects of Air Pollutants on Plants (T. A. Mansfield, ed.) S.E.B. Seminar Series, Vol. 1. pp. 115–133.
40. Ernst, W.H.O. 1988. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference, Venice (A.A. Orio, ed.) C.E.P. Consultants: Edinburgh. pp. 305–310.
41. Foy, C. D. 1973. Manganese and Plants. In Manganese, Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Counc. pp. 51–76.
42. Foy, C. D. 1974a. Effects of Aluminum on Plant Growth. In The Plant Root and Its Environment (E. W. Carson, ed.) Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press. pp. 601–642.
43. Foy, C. D. 1974b. Effects of Soil Calcium on Plant Growth. In The Plant Root and Its Environment (E. W. Carson, ed.) Charlottesville, Virginia: University Press. pp. 565–600.
44. Foy, C. D., R. L. Chaney, and M. C. White. 1978. “The Physiology of Metal Toxicity in Plants.” Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29: 511–566.
45. Friberg, L., T. Kjellstrom, G. F. Nordberg, and M. Piscator. 1979. Cadmium. In Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (L. Friberg, G. F. Nordberg, and V. B. Vouk, eds.) Amsterdam: Elsevier North Holland Biomedical Press. pp. 355–381.
46. Fry, S. C. 1986. “Cross-Linking of Matrix Polymers in the Growing Cell Wall of Angiosperms.” Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 37: 165–186.
47. Gatliff, G. 1994. “Vegetative Remediation Process Offers Advantages over Traditional Pump-And-Treat Technologies.” Remediation. 2: 343–352.
48. Giordano, P. M., J. J. Mortvedt, and D. A. Mays. 1975. “Effect of Municipal Wastes on Crop Yields and Uptake of Heavy Metals.” J. Environ. Qual. 4: 394–399.
49. Giordano, P. M., and D. A. Mays. 1977. Effect of Land Disposal Applications of Municipal Wastes on Crop Yields and Heavy Metal Uptake. U.S. EPA Technol. Ser. EPA-00/2–77–014.
50. Haghiri, F. 1973. “Cadmium Uptake by Plants.” J. Environ. Qual. 2: 93–96.
51. Hammons, A. S., J. E. Huff, H. M. Braunstein, J. S. Drury, C. R. Shriner, E. B. Lewis, B. L. Whitfield, and L. E. Towill. 1978. Reviews of the Environmental Effects of Pollutants: IV. Cadmium, ORNL/EIS-106, EPA-600/1–78–026.
52. Hawf, L. R., and W. E. Schmid. 1967. “Uptake and Translocation of Zinc by Intact Plants.” Plant Soil. 27: 249–260.
53. Hodgson, J. F. 1963. “Chemistry of the Microenvironment Elements in Soils.” Advances in Agronomy. 15: 119–160.
54. Humpherys, M. O., and A. D. Bradshow. 1977. Genetic Potentials for Solving Problems of Soil Mineral Stress: Heavy Metal Toxicities. In Plant Adaption to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils (M. J. Wright and S. A. Ferrari, eds.) Ithaca, NY: Special Publ., Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. pp. 95–105.
55. Jackson, A. P., C. J. Unkefer, E. Delhaize, and N. J. Robinson. 1990. Mechanisms of Trace Metal Tolerance in Plants. In Environmental Injury to Plants (F. Katterman, ed.) San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 231–255.
56. Jackson, A. P., and B. J. Alloway. 1992. The Transfer of Cadmium from Agricultural Soils to the Human Food Chain. In Biochemistry of Trace Metals (D. C. Ardiano, ed.) Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publ. pp. 109–158.
57. Jarvis, S. C., L. H. P. Jones, and M. J. Hopper. 1976. “Cadmium Uptake from Solution by Plants and Its Transport from Roots to Shoots.” Plant and Soil. 44: 179–191.
58. John, M. K., H. H. Chuah, and C. J. VanLaerhoven. 1972a. “Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Its Uptake by Oats.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 6: 555–557.
59. John, M. K., C. J. VanLaerhoven, and H. H. Chuah. 1972b. “Factors Affecting Plant Uptake and Phytotoxicity of Cadmium Added to Soils.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 6: 1005–1009.
60. John, M. K. 1973. “Cadmium Uptake by Eight Food Crops as Influenced by Various Soil Levels of Cadmium.” Environ. Pollut. 4: 7–15.
61. Jorgensen, S. E. 1993. “Removal of Heavy Metals from Compost and Soil by Ecotoxicological Methods.” Ecological Engineering. 2: 89–100.
62. Kalac, P., J. Burda, and I. Staskova. 1991. “Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, and Copper in Mushrooms in the Vicinity of a Lead Smelter.” The Science of the Total Environment. 105: 109–119.
63. + Efflux of Excised Roots.” J. Exp. Bot. 38: 800–817.
64. Kiekens, L., M. Verlo, and A. Cottenie. 1980. Uptake of Zinc by Corn as Influenced by Clay and Humic Acid Content of Substrate. In Proceedings of the Fifth Intern. Coll. Control Plant Nutrition, Castelfranco Veneto, Italy.
65. King, L. D., and W. R. Dunlop. 1982. “Application of Sewage Sludge to Soils High in Organic Matter.” J. Environ. Qual. 11 (4): 608–616.
66. Killham, K., and M. K. Firestone. 1983. “Vascular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mediation of Grass Response to Acidic and Heavy Metal Depositions.” Plant and Soil. 72: 39–48.
67. Konzak, C. F., E. Polle, and J. A. Kittrick. 1977. “Screening Several Crops for Aluminum Tolerance.” In Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils (M. J. Wright and S. A. Ferrari, eds.) Ithaca, New York: Special Pub., Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. pp. 311–327.
68. Krupa, Z., G. Oquist, and Norman P. A. Huner. 1993. “The Effect of Cadmium on Photosynthesis of Phaseolus Vulgaris—A Fluorescence Analysis.” Physiologia Plantarum. 88: 626–630.
69. Lagerwerff, J. V. 1971. “Uptake of Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by Radish from Soil and Air.” Soil Sci. 111: 129–133.
70. Lagerwerff, J. V., and J. T. Biersdorf. 1972. Interaction of Zinc with Uptake and Translocation of Cadmium in Radish. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental Health. Univ. of Missouri, Columbia. pp. 515–522.
71. Lambinon, J., and P. Auquier. 1964. La vegetation des terrains calaminaires de la Wallonic Septrentrionale et de la Rhenanie Aixoise, Types chorologiques et groups ecologiques.
72. Lepp, N. W. 1981. Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Plants. Liverpool, UK: Applied Science Publishers.
73. Leita, L., M. D. Nobili, G. Pardini, F. Ferari, and P. Sequi. 1989. “Anomalous Contents of Heavy Metals in Soils and Vegetation of Mine Area in South West Sardinia Italy.” Water Air and Soil Pollut. 48: 423–433.
74. MacNicol, R. D., and P. H. T. Beckett. 1985. “Critical Tissue Concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements.” Plant Soil. 85: 107–130.
75. 2+ on the Release of the Proteins from Thylakoid Membranes of Tomato Leaves.” Acta. Soc. Bot. Pol. 57: 465–474.
76. Mansfield, T. A. 1976. Effects of Air Pollutants on Plants. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–125.
77. McGrath, S. P., P. C. Brookes, and K. E. Giller. 1988. “Effects of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils Derived from Past Applications of Sewage Sludge on Nitrogen Fixation by Trifolium Repens L.” Soil Bio. and Biochem. 20: 415–424.
78. McLean, J. E., A. S. Cundy, J. W. MacAdam, P. R. Grossl, R. C. Sims, and W. H. Scouten. 1994. A Literature Review: Metal Ion Uptake by Plants. Utah State University.
79. Mench, J. M., V. L. Didier, M. Loffler, A. Gomez, and P. Masson. 1994. A Mimicked In-Situ Remediation Study of Metal-Contaminated Soils with Emphasis on Cadmium and Lead. J. Enviro. Qual. 23: 58–63.
80. Miller, J. E., J. J. Hassett, and D. E. Koeppe. 1976. “Uptake of Cadmium by Soybean as Influenced by Soil Cation Exchange Capacity, pH, and Available Phosphorus.” J. Environ. Qual. 5: 157–160.
81. Mitchell, G. A., F. T. Bingham, and A. L. Page. 1978. “Yield and Metal Composition of Lettuce and Wheat Grown on Soils Amended with Sewage Sludge Enriched with Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc.” J. Environ. Qual. 7: 165–170.
82. Oyler, J. A. 1988. “Remediation of Metal-Contaminated Site near a Zinc Smelter Using Sludge/Fly Ash Amendments: Herbaceous Species.” 22nd Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environ. Health, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia. pp. 306–320.
83. Page, A. L., F. T. Bingham, and C. Nelson. 1972. “Cadmium Absorption and Growth of Various Plant Species as Influenced by Plant Solution Cadmium Concentration.” J. Environ. Qual. 1: 288–291.
84. Page, A. L. 1974. “Fate and Effects of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge When Applied to Agricultural Lands. A Literature Review Study.” U.S. EPA Technol. Ser. U.S. EPA-670/2–74–005, p. 96.
85. Parry, J. 1995. “Plants Absorb Heavy Metals.” Pollut. Engineering. 3: 40–41.
86. Paton, U. H., and K. Budd. 1972. “Zinc Uptake in Neocosmospora vasinfecta.” J. Gen. Microbiol. 72: 173–184.
87. Porter, E. K., and P. J. Peterson. 1977. “Arsenic Tolerance in Grasses Growing on Mine Waste.” Environ. Pollut. 14: 255–265.
88. Poschenrieder, C., B. Gunse, and J. Barcelo. 1989. “Influence of Cadmium on Water Relations, Stomatal Resistance, and Abscisic Acid Content in Expanding Bean Leaves.” Plant Physiol. 90: 1365–1371.
89. Roberts, J. A., W. A. Daniels, J. C. Bell, and D. C. Martens. 1988. “Tall Fescue Production and Nutrient Status on South West Virginia Mine Soils.” J. Environ. Qual. 17: 55–61.
90. Root, R. A., R. J. Miller, and D. E. Koeppe. 1975. “Uptake of Cadmium—Its Toxicity, and Effect on the Iron Ratio in Hydroponically Grown Corn.” J. Environ. Qual. 4 (4): 473–476.
91. Schwab, A. P., G. M. Pierzynki, B. A. Hetrick, M. K. Banks, L. A. Licht, and J. L. Schnoor. 1993. “Plants: Multipurpose In Situ Remediators.” Centerpoint. 1 (2): 12–13.
92. Seeger, R. 1982. “Toxische Schwermetalle in Pilzen.” Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 122: 1835–1844.
93. Simons, E. 1977. “Cadmium Tolerance in Populations of Agrotis Tenvis and Festuca Ovina.” Nature. 265: 329–330.
94. Slingsby, D. R., and D. H. Brown. 1977. “Nickel in British Serpentine Soils.” J. Ecol. 65: 597–618.
95. Smilde, K. W. 1981. “Heavy-Metal Accumulation in Crops Grown on Sewage Sludge Amended with Metal Salts.” Plant and Soil. 62: 3–14.
96. Smith, R. A. H., and A. D. Bradshow. 1979. “The Use of Metal-Tolerant Plant Populations for the Reclamation of Metalliferous Wastes.” J. Appl. Ecol. 16: 595–612.
97. Taylor, R. W., I. O. Ibeabuchi, K. R. Sistani, and J. W. Shuford. 1992. “Accumulation of Some Metals by Legumes and Their Extractibility from Acid Mine Spoils.” J. Environ. Qual. 21: 176–180.
98. Thornton, I. 1974. Applied Geochemistry in Relation to Mining and the Environment. In Mineral and Environment (M. T. Jones, ed.) Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. pp. 87–102.
99. Turner, M. A. 1973. “Effect of Cadmium Treatment on Cadmium and Zinc Uptake by Selected Vegetable Species.” J. Environ. Qual. 2 (1): 118–119.
100. U.S. Army (U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency). 1987. “Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Treatment” Interim technical report, AMXTH-TE-CR-86101. Roy F. Weston Inc.: West Chester, Pennsylvania.
101. U.S. EPA. 1991. ROD Annual Report FY 1990. Rep. 540/8–91/067. Washington, DC.
102. van Assche, F., and H. Clijsters. 1988. “Introduction of Enzyme Capacity in Plants as a Result of Heavy Metal Toxicity: Dose-Response Relation in Phaseolus Vulgaris L. Treated with Zinc and Cadmium.” Environ. Pollut. 52: 103–115.
103. Wainwright, S. J., and H. W. Woolhouse. 1977. “Some Physiological Aspects of Copper and Zinc Tolerance in Agrostis Tenuis Sibth.: Cell Elongation and Membrane Damage.” J. Exp. Bot. 28: 1029–1036.
104. Weissenhorn, I., M. Mench, and C. Leyval. 1995. “Bioavailability of Heavy Metals and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in a Sewage-Sludge-Amended Sandy Soil.” Soil Biol. Biochem. 27 (3): 287–296.
105. Wilkins, D. A. 1978. “The Measurement of Tolerance to Edaphic Factors by Means of Root Growth.” New Phytol. 80: 623–633.
106. Woolson, E. A., J. H. Axley, and P. C. Kearney. 1971. “The Chemistry and Phytotoxicity of Arsenic in Soils: Contaminated Field Soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 35: 938–943.