PMSE observations at three different frequencies in northern Europe during summer 1994

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 14, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1317-1327

  Bremer, J ^a   Hoffmann, P ^a   Manson, A H ^b   Meek, C E ^b   Ruster R ^c   Singer, W ^a  

^a Inst F Atmospharenphysik   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0542431092     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-996-1317-7     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Aso, T., Time-dependent numerical modelling of tides in the middle atmosphere, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 45, 41-63, 1993.
2. Balsley, B. B., R. F. Woodman, M. Sarango, R. Rodriguez, J. Urbina, R. Ragaini, J. Carey, M. Huaman, and A. Giraldez, On the lack of southern hemisphere polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11685-11693, 1995.
3. Bremer, J., W. Singer, D. Keuer, P. Hoffmann, J. Röttger, J. Y. N. Cho, and W. E. Swartz, Observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes at EISCAT during summer 1991, Radio Sci., 30, 1219-1228, 1995.
4. Bremer, J., P. Hoffmann, W. Singer, C. E. Meek, and R. Rüster, Simultaneous PMSE observations with ALOMAR SOUSY and EISCAT VHF radar during the ECHO-94 campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 1075-1078, 1996.
5. Cho, J. Y. N., and M. C. Kelley, Polar mesosphere summer radar echoes: observations and current theories, Rev. Geophys., 31, 243-265, 1993.
6. Cho, J. Y. N., and R. L. Morley, PMSE dependence on long-period vertical motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1197-1200, 1995.
7. Cho, J. Y. N., T. M. Hall, and M. C. Kelley, On the role of charged aerosols in polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 875-886, 1992a.
8. Cho, J. Y. N., M. C. Kelley, and C. J. Heinselman, Enhancement of Thomson scatter by charged aerosols in the polar mesosphere: measurements with a 1.29 GHz radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1097-1100, 1992b.
9. Czechowsky, P., I. M. Reid, R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt, VHF radar echoes observed in the summer and winter polar mesosphere over Andoya, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5199-5217, 1989.
10. Ecklund, W. L., and B. B. Balsley, Long-term observations of the arctic mesosphere with the MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7775-7780, 1981.
11. Hagfors, T., Note on the scattering of electromagnetic waves from charged dust particles, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 333-338, 1992.
12. Hall, C. M., Modification of the energy-wave number spectrum for heavy proton hydrates as tracers for isotropic turbulence at the summer mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5549-5556, 1990.
13. Haynes, D., U. de Angelis, R. Bingham, C. K. Goertz, G E. Morfill, and V. Tsytovich, On the role of dust in the summer mesopause, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 637-643, 1990.
14. Hocking, W. K., Measurements of turbulent energy dissipation rates in the middle atmosphere by radar techniques: A review, Radio Sci. 20, 1403-1422, 1985.
15. Hoppe, U.-P., C. Hall, and J. Röttger, First observations of summer polar mesospheric backscatter with a 224-MHz radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 28-31, 1988.
16. Hoppe, U.-P., D. C. Fritts, I. M. Reid, P. Czechowsky, C. M. Hall, and T. L. Hansen, Multiple-frequency studies of the high-latitude summer mesosphere: implications for scattering processes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 907-926, 1990.
17. Hoppe, U.-P., T. A. Blix, T. V. Thrane, F.-J. Lübken, J. Y. N. Cho, and W. E. Swartz, Studies of polar mesosphere summer echoes by VHF radar and rocket probes, Adv. Space Res., 14, (9)139-(9)148, 1994.
18. Ionospheric Absorption Data, Geophysical Observatory Sodankylä, The Finnish Acad. Science and Letters, July-August 1994.
19. Jensen, E. J., and G. E. Thomas, Numerical simulations of the effects of gravity waves on noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3421-3430, 1994.
20. Kelley, M. C., D. T. Farley, and J. Röttger, The effects of cluster ions on anomalous VHF backscatter from the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1031-1034, 1987.
21. Kelley, M. C., J. C. Ulwick, J. Röttger, B. Inhester, T. Hall, and T. Blix, Intense turbulence in the polar mesosphere: rocket and radar measurements, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 875-891, 1990.
22. Kirkwood, S., J. Y. N. Cho, C. M. Hall, U.-P. Hoppe, D. P. Murtagh, J. Stegman, W. E. Swartz, A. P. van Eyken, G. Wannberg, and G. Witt, A comparison of PMSE and other ground-based observations during the NLC-91 campaign, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 35-44, 1995.
23. Klostermeyer, J., The effect of ice particles on Thomson scattering from the polar summer mesopause region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2721-2724, 1994a.
24. Klostermeyer, J., A two-ion ice particle model of the polar summer mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5487-5497, 1994b.
25. Manson, A. H., and C. E. Meek, Heights of MF radar scatter (1986/87) and the wind field (55-95 km): Saskatoon, Canada, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 1003-1016, 1989.
26. Manson, A. H., C. E. Meek, A. Brekke, and J. Moen, Mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80-120 km) winds and tides from near Tromsø (70°N, 19°E): Comparisons between radars (MF, EISCAT, VHF) and rockets, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 927-950, 1992.
27. Phillips, A., A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and E. J. Llewellyn, A long-term comparison of middle atmosphere winds measured at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W) by a medium-frequency radar and a Fabry-Perot interferometer, J. Geophys. Res., 99D, 12923-12935, 1994.
28. Röttger, J., Polar mesosphere summer echoes: dynamics and aeronomy of the mesosphere, Adv. Space Res., 14, (9)123-(9)137, 1994.
29. Röttger, J., C. La Hoz, M. C. Kelley, U.-P. Hoppe, and C. Hall, The structure and dynamics of polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT 224-MHz radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1353-1356, 1988.
30. Röttger, J., M. T. Rietveld, C. La Hoz, T. Hall, M. C. Kelley, and W. E. Swartz, Polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT 933-MHz radar and the CUPRI 46.9-MHz radar, their similarity to 224-MHz radar echoes, and their relation to turbulence and electron density profiles, Radio Sci., 25, 671-687, 1990.
31. Rüster, R., Velocity and associated echo power variations in the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 65-67, 1995.
32. Taubenheim, J., Statistische Auswertung geophysikalischer und meteorologischer Daten, Akad, Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig K.-G., Leipzig, 1969.
33. Vlaskov, V. A., E. Tarunen, and A. A. Bogolubov, Investigation of PMSE characteristics by partial reflection radar at 2.7 MHz, Paper GAB51F-01 presented at IUGG XXI General Assembly, Boulder, Colorado, 1995.
34. Williams, P. J. S., A. P. van Eyken, C. Hall, and J. Röttger, Modulations in the polar mesosphere summer echoes and associated atmospheric gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1437-1440, 1989.
35. Williams, P. J. S., G. O. L. Jones, J. R. Palmer, and H. Rishbeth. The association of polar mesosphere summer echo layers with tidal modes, Ann. Geophysicae, 13, 454-457, 1995.