How the sky gets covered with condensation trails

Meteorologische Zeitschrift

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 181-187

  Gierens, Klaus ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0542422862     PISSN: 09412948     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/metz/7/1998/181     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Appleman, H., 1953: The formation of exhaust condensation trails by jet aircraft. - Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 34, 14-20.
2. Bakan, S., M. Betancor, V. Gayler, H. Graßl, 1994: Contrail frequency over Europe from NOAA-satellite images. -Ann. Geophysicae 12, 962-968.
3. Boin, M., L. Levkov, 1994: Numerical simulation of the lifetime of contrails. - In: Schumann, U., D. Wurzel (Eds.): Impact of Emissions from Aricraft and Spacecraft upon the Atmosphere. Proc. Intern. Sci. Colloquium, Köln, 18.-20.4.1994, DLR-Mitt. 94-06, 430-435.
4. Brasseur, G. P., R. A. Cox, D. Hauglustaine, I. Isaksen, J. Lelieveld, D. H. Lister, R. Sausen, U. Schumann, A. Wahner, P. Wiesen, 1998: European Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Aircraft Emissions. - Atmos. Environ. 32, in press.
5. Gibson, J. K., P. Kållberg, S. Uppala, A. Hernandez, A. Nomura, E. Serrano, 1997: ERA Description. - ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Rep. Ser. 1, 1-72.
6. Gierens, K. M., 1996: Numerical simulations of persistent contrails. - J. Atmos. Sci. 53, 3333-3348.
7. Goodman, R., 1988: Introduction to Stochastic Models. -Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park (California), 368 pp.
8. Konopka, P., 1995: Analytical Gaussian solutions for anisotropic diffusion in linear shear flow. - J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 20, 78-91.
9. Kuhn, P. M., 1970: Airborne observations of contrail effects on the thermal radiation budget. - J. Atmos. Sci. 27, 937-942.
10. Mannstein, H., 1996: Contrail observations from space using NOAA-AVHRR data. - Proc. International Colloquium on Impact of Aircraft Emissions upon the Atmosphere, Paris, 15-18 Oct. 1996, 427-432.
11. Mannstein, H., R. Meyer, P. Wendling, 1997: Operational detection of contrails from NOAA-AVHRR-data. - DLR, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Rep. No. 92, 18 pp.
12. Minnis, P., J. K. Ayers, S. P. Weaver, 1997: Surface-Based Observations of Contrail Occurrence Frequency Over the U.S., April 1993-April 1994. - NASA Reference Publ. 1404.
13. Minnis, P., D. F. Young, L. Nguyen, D. P. Garber, W. L. Smith, Jr., R. Palikonda, 1998: Transformation of contrails into cirrus during SUCCESS. - Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.
14. Ponater, M., S. Brinkop, R. Sausen, U. Schumann, 1996: Simulating the global atmospheric response to aircraft water vapour emissions and contrails - a first approach using a GCM. -Ann. Geophysicae 14, 941-960.
15. Sausen, R., K. Gierens, M. Ponater, U. Schumann, 1998: A diagnostic study of the global potential coverage by contrails, Part I: Present day climate. - Theor. Appl. Climat., submitted.
16. Schmidt, E., 1941: Die Entstehung von Eisnebel aus den Auspuffgasen von Flugmotoren. - Schriften der Deutschen Akademie der Luftfahrtforschung, Verlag R. Oldenbourg, München und Berlin, H. 44, 1-15.
17. Schmitt, A., B. Brunner, 1997: Emissions from aviation and their development over time. - In: Schumann, U., A. Chlond, A. Ebel, B. Kärcher, H. Pak, H. Schlager, A. Schmitt, P. Wendling (Eds.): Pollutants from Air Traffic - Results of Atmospheric Research 1992-1997. DLR-Mitt. 97-04, 37-52.
18. Schumann, U., 1996: On conditions for contrail formation from aircraft exhausts. - Meteorol. Z., N.F. 5, 4-23.
19. Schumann, U., P. Konopka, R. Baumann, R. Busen, T. Gerz, H. Schlager, P. Schulte, H. Volkert, 1995: Estimate of diffusion parameters of aircraft exhaust plumes near the tropopause from nitric oxide and turbulence measurements. - J. Geophys. Res. 100, 14147-14162.
20. Schumann, U., P. Konopka, 1994: A simple estimate of the concentration field in a flight corridor. - In: Schumann, U., D. Wurzel (Eds.): Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft upon the Atmosphere. Proc. Intern. Sci. Colloquium, Köln, 18.-20.4.1994, DLR-Mitt. 94-06, 354-359.
21. Schumann, U., P. Wendling, 1990: Determination of contrails from satellite data and observational results. - In: Schumann, U., (Ed.): Air Traffic and Environment, 138-153, Springer-Verlag.