Bungled publicity: Little America, big America, and the rationale for non-claimancy, 1946-61

Polar Record

Volumn 40, Issue 212, 2004, Pages 19-30

  Moore, Jason Kendall ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTARCTIC TREATY; EXPLORATION; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; NEGOTIATION PROCESS; POLICY MAKING;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0442297690     PISSN: 00322474     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0032247403003140     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Allport, G.W., and L. Postman. 1947. The psychology of rumor. New York: Russell and Russell.
2. Antarctic Colony Associates. 1950. G.D. Krouse to Secretary of State, 7 July 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
3. Beck, P. 1986. The international politics of Antarctica. New York: St Martin's Press.
4. Briggs, P. 1970. Laboratory at the bottom of the world. New York: D. McKay Company.
5. Broder, D.S. 1987. Behind the front page: a candid look at how the news is made. New York: Simon and Schuster.
6. Bryant, J., and H. Cones. 2000. Dangerous crossings: the first modern polar expedition, 1925. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
7. Byrd, H.F. 1949. Letter to R.E. Byrd, 30 September 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 50.
8. Byrd, R.E. 1930. Little America: aerial exploration in the Antarctic. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
9. Byrd, R.E. 1932. Letter to R.B. Fosdick, 7 May 1932. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1649.
10. Byrd, R.E. 1937. Text of radio address on Columbia Broadcasting Service, 12 November 1937. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 3503.
11. Byrd, R.E. 1939a. Letter to US Maritime Commission, 28 September 1939. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2348.
12. Byrd, R.E. 1939b. Letter to H.F. Byrd, 26 October 1939. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 43.
13. Byrd, R.E. 1940. Letter to R.H. Cruzen, 14 October 1940. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1407.
14. Byrd, R.E. 1941a. Letter to G.P. Putnam's Sons, 18 March 1941. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1699.
15. Byrd, R.E. 1941b. Letter to Secretary of Navy. Commendation of R.H. Cruzen, undated, circa May 1941. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1410.
16. Byrd, R.E. 1941c. Letter to F.D. Roosevelt, 18 March 1941. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2902.
17. Byrd, R.E. 1941d. Speech at Madison Square Garden on behalf of Council for Democracy, 18 August 1941. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2902.
18. Byrd, R.E. 1946. Letter to R.H. Cruzen, 12 August 1946. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1412.
19. Byrd R.E. 1947a. Antarctic continent: importance of exploration to the United States. Undated report for Chief of Naval Operations, circa 1947. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 7296.
20. Byrd, R.E. 1947b. Memorandum on press conference for Chief of Naval Operations, 15 April 1947. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 7295.
21. Byrd, R.E. 1947c. Letter to United Press Associates, 9 May 1947. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2793.
22. Byrd, R.E. 1947d. Letter to R. Parker, 13 November 1947. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2173.
23. Byrd, R.E. 1948. Letter to P. Siple, 13 August 1948. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 812.
24. Byrd, R.E. 1949a. Letter to R.H. Cruzen, 6 October 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1412.
25. Byrd, R.E. 1949b. Letter to H.F. Byrd, 27 August 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 33.
26. Byrd, R.E. 1949c. Prospective Commander of Operation High Jump II to Secretary of Defense, 29 August 1949. In: Joint Chiefs of Staff. JCS 2070. 30 September 1949. National Archives, Record Group 218, Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Geographical File.
27. Byrd, R.E. 1949d. Letter to A.W. Radford, 7 September 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2799.
28. Byrd, R.E. 1949e. Letter to H.F. Byrd, 28 September 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 50.
29. Byrd, R.E. 1949f. Letter to O.K. Armstrong, 28 February 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1079.
30. Byrd, R.E. 1954. Personal letter to National Defense Committee, 5 October 1954. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2223.
31. Carpenter, T.G. 1995. The captive press: foreign policy crises and the first amendment. Washington: Cato Institute.
32. Carter, P.A. 1979. Little America: town at the end of the world. New York: Columbia University Press.
33. Colonial Office. 1950. Letter to Ministry of Food, 17 May 1950. In: Colonial Office to Foreign Office, 17 May 1950. Public Record Office, FO 371/81139.
34. Colonial Office. 1953. Letter to Foreign Office, 26 March 1953. Public Record Office, FO 371/103158.
35. Cruzen, R.H. 1949. Letter to R.E. Byrd. 28 June 1949. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1412.
36. Daniels, P.C. 1973. The Antarctic Treaty. In: Lewis, R.S., and P.M. Smith (editors). Frozen future: a prophetic report from Antarctica. New York: Quadrangle Books: 31-45.
37. Department of Interior. 1939. Memorandum to Department of State, 12 August 1939. Central decimal file 800.014 Antarctic.
38. Department of Interior. 1940. US Antarctic Service to Gaines Food Company, 13 January 1940. Central decimal file 800.014.
39. Department of State. 1939a. Division of European Affairs to Office of Counselor, 13 June 1939. Central decimal file 800.014.
40. Department of State. 1939b. Office of Counselor to President, 14 June 1939. Central decimal file 800.014.
41. Department of State. 1946a. Office of American Republic Affairs et al. Memorandum, 12 November 1946. Central decimal file 800.014.
42. Department of State. 1946b. Assistant Secrtary of State et al. Memorandum, 12 November 1946. Central decimal file 800.014.
43. Department of State. 1947a. Division of European Affairs and Division of North and West Coast Affairs. Memorandum, 8 September 1947. Central decimal file 800.014.
44. Department of State. 1947b. Division of North and West Coast Affairs to Office of American Republic Affairs et al., 10 February 1947. National Archives, Record Group 59, Office of American Republic Affairs, Memoranda on Chile.
45. Department of State. 1948a. Embassy in London to Secretary of State, 18 February 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
46. Department of State. 1948b. Embassy in London to Secretary of State, 27 February 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
47. Department of State. 1948c. Ambassador in Santiago to Secretary of State, 19 July 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
48. Department of State. 1948d. Division of Northern European Affairs. Memorandum, 11 February 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
49. Department of State. 1948e. Office of European Affairs to Secretary of State, 28 February 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
50. Department of State. 1948f. Secretary of State to Secretary of Defense, 10 June 1948. Central decimal file 800.014.
51. Department of State. 1950a. Embassy in Moscow to Department of State, 20 July 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
52. Department of State. 1950b. Bureau of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs to Office of North and West Coast Affairs, 4 January 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
53. Department of State. 1950c. Office of Intelligence Research to Bureau of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs, 27 September 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
54. Department of State. 1950d. Division of Northern European Affairs to Antarctic Colony Associates, 7 July 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
55. Department of State. 1950e. Assistant Secretary of State to Chairman of Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, [20 July 1950]. Central decimal file 702.022.
56. Department of State. 1952a. Bureau of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs et al. Memorandum, 11 September 1952. Central decimal file 702.022.
57. Department of State. 1952b. Office of Intelligence Research et al. Memorandum, 16 January 1952. Central decimal file 702.022.
58. Department of State. 1953a. Embassy in Buenos Aires to Department of State, 23 February 1953. Central decimal file 702.022.
59. Department of State. 1953b. Acting Secretary of State to Embassy in London, 10 April 1953. Central decimal file 702.022.
60. Department of State. 1953c. Ambassador in Santiago to Secretary of State, 31 March 1953. Central decimal file 702.022.
61. Department of State. 1955. Embassy in Santiago to Department of State, 14 March 1955. Central decimal file 702.022.
62. Department of State. 1956a. Foreign relations of the United States 1939, vol. 2: general. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
63. Department of State. 1956b. Office of United Nations Political and Security Affairs. Memorandum, 5 March 1956. Central decimal file 702.022.
64. Department of State. 1957a. Bureau of Inter-American Affairs et al. Memorandum, 20 September 1957. Central decimal file 702.022.
65. Department of State. 1957b. Office of Inter-American Regional Political Affairs. Memorandum, 22 July 1957. Central decimal file 702.022.
66. Department of State. 1957c. Secretary of State to Embassies in Buenos Aires, Canberra, London, Moscow, Oslo, Paris, Pretoria, Santiago, and Wellington, 18 November 1957. National Archives, Record Group 59, Records of the Policy Planning Staff, 1957-61.
67. Department of State. 1957d. Assistant Secretary of State to House Committee on Foreign Affairs, [17 April 1957]. Central decimal file 702.022.
68. Department of State. 1957e. Office of Inter-American Regional Political Affairs. Memorandum, 31 January 1957. Central decimal file 702.022.
69. Department of State. 1958a. Regional Planning Adviser for Far Eastern Affairs to Embassy in Tokyo, 14 January 1958. In: Secretary of State to Embassies in Canberra and Wellington, 11 February 1958. Central decimal file 702.022.
70. Department of State. 1958b. Bureau of Inter-American Affairs to Secretary of State. 4 April 1958. Central decimal file 702.022.
71. Department of State. 1959a. Deputy Undersecretary of State. Notes for briefing of National Security Council, 9 December 1959. Central decimal file 702.022.
72. Department of State. 1959b. US Delegation to Antarctic Conference to Deputy Undersecretary of State, 17 November 1959. Central decimal file 399.829.
73. Department of State. 1976. Foreign relations of the United States 1948, vol. 1, part 2: general. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
74. Foreign Office. 1950. Embassy in Washington to Foreign Secretary, 20 July 1950. Public Record Office, FO 463/3.
75. Foreign Office. 1953a. Minute, 19 February 1953. Public Record Office, FO 371/103353.
76. Foreign Office. 1953b. Record of meeting between Foreign Office and Admiralty, 2 February 1953. Public Record Office, FO 371/103149.
77. Fuchs, V. 1982. Of ice and men: the story of the British Antarctic Survey 1943-73. Oswestry, Shropshire: Anthony Nelson.
78. Goerler, R. (editor). 1998. To the pole: the diary and notebook of Richard E. Byrd, 1925-1927. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
79. Hatch, A. 1969. The Byrds of Virginia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
80. Henry, T.R. 1950. The white continent: the story of Antarctica. New York: William Sloane Associates.
81. Heron, D.W. 1954. Antarctic claims. Foreign Affairs 32: 661-667.
82. Holmes, O. 1960. Antarctic claims raise colonial issue in Americas. Foreign Policy Bulletin 39: 180-181.
83. Hull, C. 1940. Letter to F.D. Roosevelt, 1 August 1940. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1879.
84. Hurley, P. 1942. Letter to Secretary of State, 14 July 1942. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 1886.
85. Iriye, A. 1979. Culture and power: international relations as intercultural relations. Diplomatic History 3: 115-128.
86. Joint Chiefs of Staff. 1955. Memorandum for the Chief of Naval Operations, 14 January 1955. National Archives, Record Group 218, CCS 092.
87. Joint Chiefs of Staff. 1957. Memorandum for Deputy Director for Strategic Plans, 3 April 1957. National Archives, Record Group 218, CCS 092.
88. Joyner, C.C. 1996. The role of domestic politics in the making of United States Antarctic policy. In: Stokke, O., and D. Vidas (editors). Governing the Antarctic: the effectiveness and legitimacy of the Antarctic Treaty System. New York: Cambridge University Press: 409-431.
89. Kendall, E.A. 1950. Letter to Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 17 July 1950. In: Senate Committee on Foreign Relations to Assistant Secretary of State, 20 July 1950. Central decimal file 702.022.
90. Kendall, E.A. 1958a. Letter to committees and individual members of the US Congress, 16 November 1958. In: Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs to Assistant Secretary of State, 16 September 1959. Central decimal file 399.829.
91. Kendall, E.A. 1958b. Letter to Secretary of State, 8 December 1958. Central decimal file 399.829.
92. Kendall, E.A. 1959. Letter to committees and individual members of the US Congress, 11 September 1959. Central decimal file 399.829.
93. King, H.G.R. 1969. The Antarctic. London: Blandford Press.
94. Kurtz, H. 1993. Media circus: the trouble with America's newspapers. New York: Times Books.
95. LaFeber, W. 1995. The world and the United States. American Historical Review 100: 1015-1033.
96. Lewis, R.S. 1965. A continent for science: the Antarctic adventure. New York: Viking Press.
97. Lewis, R.S., and P.M. Smith (editors). 1973. Frozen future: a prophetic report from Antarctica. New York: Quadrangle Books.
98. Mooney, J.E. 1941. Letter to R.E. Byrd, 2 June 1941. Byrd Polar Research Center, folder 2272.
99. Moore, J.K. 1999. Tethered to an iceberg: United States policy toward the Antarctic, 1939-1949. Polar Record 35 (193): 125-134.
100. Moore, J.K. 2001a. A 'sort' of self-denial: United States policy toward the Antarctic, 1950-59. Polar Record 37 (200): 13-26.
101. Moore, J.K. 2001b. Seven penguins and an olive branch: Antarctic politics in The New York Times. Estudios Norteamericanos 2: 125-136.
102. National Security Council. 1955. NSC 5528: Antarctica, 12 December 1955. National Archives, Record Group 59, Records of the Policy Planning Staff.
103. Rose, L.A. 1980. Assault on eternity: Richard E. Byrd and the exploration of Antarctica, 1946-47. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
104. Rubin, B. 1985. Secrets of state: the State Department and the struggle over US foreign policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
105. Shapley, D. 1985. The seventh continent: Antarctica in a resource age. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
106. Sherwood, M. 1999. Review of Alone on ice: the story of Admiral Richard Byrd. Journal of American History 86: 1426-1427.
107. Siple, P. 1959. 90° south: the story of the American South Pole conquest. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
108. Stokke, O., and D. Vidas (editors). 1996. Governing the Antarctic: the effectiveness and legitimacy of the Antarctic Treaty System. New York: Cambridge University Press.
109. Sullivan, W. 1957a. Antarctica in a two-power world. Foreign Affairs 36: 154-166.
110. Sullivan, W. 1957b. Quest for a continent. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
111. US House of Representatives. 1957. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs to Secretary of State, 5 February 1957. Central decimal file 702.022.
112. US Senate, 1951. Committee on Public Works to Assistant Secretary of State, 10 February 1951. Central decimal file 702.022.
113. Weiss, A.E. 1990. Who's to know? Information, the media, and public awareness. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
114. Wiarda, H.J. 2001. The soul of Latin America: the cultural and political tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press.