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1
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85120224747
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From the 42 articles selected for the production of this recommendation, the following are considered to be particularly relevant.
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2
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85120213149
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Cohen R, Levy C, Boucherat M et al. Epidemiologic survey of acute otitis media in pediatric practice. ICC 1995; Abst 2093. Can J Infect Dis 1995; 6 (suppl C) 258C. III.
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3
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85120188222
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Potential interventions for preventing pneumonia among young children: lack of effect of antibiotic treatment for upper respiratory infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 115–20.
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4
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85120200079
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Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O, Ziegler T, Waris M, Puhakka H., Short-term use of amoxicillin-clavulanate during upper respiratory tract infection for prevention of acute otitis media.
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-
-
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5
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85120197297
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Heikkinen T, Ruuskanen O, Temporal development of acute otitis media during upper respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 659–61.
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6
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85120228814
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Howie JGR, Clark GA, Double-blind trial of early demethylchlortetracycline in minor respiratory illness in general practice.
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7
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85120231350
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Kaiser L, Lew D, Hirshel B et al, Effects of antibiotic treatment in the subset of common-cold patients who have bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions. Lancet 1996; 347: 1507–10.
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-
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8
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85120235415
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Todd JK, Todd N, Dammato J, Todd W, Bacteriology and treatment of purulent nasopharyngitis: a double blind, placebo controlled evaluation. Pediatr Infect Dis 1984; 3 : 226–32. II.
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9
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85120216705
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From the 81 articles selected for the production of these recommendations, the following are considered to be particularly relevant.
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-
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10
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-
85120233593
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Bisno AL, Chairman, Gerber MAGwaitney JM, kaplan ELE, Schwatrz RH., Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A pratice Guideline. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 574–83.
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11
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85120231223
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Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH., Practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 113–25.
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12
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-
85120210773
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Carbon C, Chatelin A, Bingen E., A double blind randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of a 5-day course of cefotiam hexetil with that of a 10-day course of penicillin V in adult patients with pharyngitis cause by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 35: 843–54.
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13
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85120185693
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Cohen R, Levy C, Doit C et al., Six-day amoxicillin vs. 10-day penicillin V in group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 678–82.
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14
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85120201716
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Del Mar C., Managing sore throat: a literature review – II – Do antibiotics confer benefit? Med J Austr 1992; 156: 644–9.
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15
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-
85120220440
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Mac Isaac WJ, Goel V, Slaughter PM et al., Reconsidering sore throats. Part I: Problems with current clinical practice. Can Fam Physician 1997; 43: 485–93.
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-
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16
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-
85120198789
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-
Peyramond D, Portier H, Geslin P, Cohen R. 6-day amoxicillin vs. 10-day penicillin V for group A-hemolytic streptococcal acute tonsillitis in adults: a French multicentre, open label, randomized study. Scand J Infect Dis 1996; 28: 497–501.
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17
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-
85120186739
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Pichichero ME, Margolis PA., A comparison of cephalosporins and penicillins in the treatment of group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis supporting the concept of microbial copathogenicity. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 275–81.
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-
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18
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85120205727
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Portier H, Filipecki J, Weber Ph, Goldfarb G, Lethuaire D, Chauvin JP., Five day clarithromycin modified release vs. 10 day penicillin V for group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a multicentre, open-label, randomised study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: 337–44.
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-
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19
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-
85120219347
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Randolph MF, Gerber MA, Demeo KK, Wright L., Effect of antibiotic therapy on the clinical course of streptococcal pharyngitis. J Pediatr 1985; 106: 870–5.
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-
-
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20
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-
85120203971
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-
Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper J, Hoffman R., Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 506–8.
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21
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-
85120204416
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-
Weber Ph, Filipecki J, Bingen E et al., Genetic and phenotypic characterization of macrolide resistance in group A streptococci isolated from adults with pharyngo-tonsillitis in France. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 291–4.
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22
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85120193539
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Wood HF, Feinstein AR, Taranta A, Epstein JA, Simpson R., Rheumatic fever in children and adolescents. A long-term epidemiologic study of subsequent prophylaxis streptococcal infections and clinical sequelae. III. Comparative effectiveness of three prophylaxis regimens in preventing streptococcal infections and rheumatic recurrences. Ann Int Med 1964; 60 (suppl 5): 31–46.
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23
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85120205341
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From the 77 articles selected for the production of this recommendation, the followings are considered to be particularly relevant.
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-
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24
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-
85120219277
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-
Axelsson A, Chidekel N., Symptomatology and bacteriology correlated to radiological findings in acute maxillary sinusitis. Acta Otolaryngol 1972; 74: 118–22.
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-
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25
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-
85120197515
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-
Clairmont AA, Per-Lee JH., Complications of acute frontal sinusitis. Am Fam Physician 1975; 11: 80–4.
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26
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-
85120231020
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Gwaltney JM Jr, Scheld WM, Sande MA, Sydnor A., The microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a 15-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 457–61; discussion 462.
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27
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-
85120218939
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-
Gwaltney JM Jr., Jones JG, Kennedy DW., Medical management of sinusitis: educational goals and management guidelines. The International Conference on Sinus Disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 167 (Suppl): 22–30.
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28
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85120185121
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Holt GR, Standefer JA, Brown WE Jr, Gates GA., Infectious diseases of the sphenoid sinus. Laryngoscope 1984; 94: 330–5.
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29
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85120189337
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Hueston WJ, Eberlein C, Johnson D, Mainous AG 3rd. Criteria used by clinicians to differentiate sinusitis from viral upper respiratory tract infection. J Fam Pract 1998; 46: 487–92.
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30
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85120207256
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Lindbaek M, Hjortdahl P, Johnsen UL., Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of penicillin V and amoxycillin in treatment of acute sinus infections in adults. BMJ 1996; 313: 325–9.
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31
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85120232301
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Savolainen S, Ylikoski J, Jousimies-Somer H., Differential diagnosis of purulent and nonpurulent acute maxillary sinusitis in young adults. Rhinology 1989; 27: 53–61.
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32
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85120231089
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Schramm VL, Myers EN, Kennerdell JS., Orbital complications of acute sinusitis: evaluation, management, and outcome. Otolaryngology 1978; 86: 221–30.
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-
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33
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85120186021
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From the 16 articles selected From the production of this recommendation, the followings are considered to be particularly relevant.
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-
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34
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-
85120238642
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-
Kovatch AL, Wald ER, Ledesma-Medina J, Chiponis DM, Bedingfiels B., Maxillary sinus radiographs in children with nonrespiratory complaints. Pediatrics 1984; 73: 306–8.
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-
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35
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85120208660
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-
Shopfner C, Rossi JO., Roentgen evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in children. Am J Roentg Rad Ther Nucl Med 1973; 118: 176–86.
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-
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36
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-
85120223320
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-
Ueda D, Yoto Y., The 10-day mark as a practical diagnostic approach for acute paranasal sinusitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 576–9.
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37
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-
85120217633
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Van Buchen FL., The Diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis in children. Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Belg 1997; 51: 55–7.
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-
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38
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-
85120222509
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Wald ER, MD Darleen, J Ledesma-Medina., Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 1986; 77: 795–800.
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39
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-
85120235812
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-
Wald ER, Milmoe GJ, Bowen AD, Ledesma-Medina J, Salamon N, Bluestone CD., Acute Maxillary sinusitis in children. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 749–54.
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-
-
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40
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85120201842
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-
From the 95 articles selected From the write this recommendation, the followings are considered to be particularly relevant.
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-
-
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41
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-
85120230397
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-
Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CPW, Hershfield ES, Harding GKM, Nelson NA., Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 196–204.
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42
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85120223829
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Ball P, Barry M., Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: An international comparison. Chest 1998; 113: 199S–204S.
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43
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85120203941
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Connors AF, Dawson NV, Thomas C et al. Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 959–67.
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44
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85120207526
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Eller J, Ede A, Schaberg T, Niederman M, Mauch H, Lode H., Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Relation between bacteriologic etiology and lung function. Chest 1998; 113: 1542–8.
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45
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85120221061
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Fuso L, Incalzi RA, Incalzi RA et al., Predicting mortality of patients hospitalized for acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 1995; 98: 272–7.
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46
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-
85120202290
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-
Jorgensen AF, Coolidge JO, Pedersen A, Pfeiffer Pettersen K, Waldorff S, Widding E., Amoxicillin in treatment of acute uncomplicated exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 1992; 10: 7–11.
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47
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-
85120220720
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-
Nicotra MB, Kronenberg RS., Con: Antibiotic use in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Seminars in Respiratory Infections 1993; 8: 254–8.
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48
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-
85120208807
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-
Saint S, Bent S, Vittinghoff E, Grady D., Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1995; 273: 957–60.
-
-
-
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49
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85120205189
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-
From the 41 articles selected From the production of this recommendation, the followings are considered to be particularly relevant.
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
85120235302
-
-
Arola M, Ruuskanen O, Ziegler T et al. Clinical role of respiratory virus infection in acute otitis media. Pediatrics 1990; 86: 848–55.
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51
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85120231832
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Barnett ED, Klein JO. The problem of resistant bacteria for the management of acuta otitis media. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995; 42: 509–17.
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52
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85120212924
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Bluestone CD., Definitions, terminology and classification. Evidence-based otitis media (Eds Rosenfeld Bluestone). BC Decker, Hamilton; 1999: 85–103.
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53
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85120230035
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Carlin SA, Marchant CD, Shurin PA, Johnson CE, Super DM, Rehmus JM., Host factors and early therapeutic responses in acute otitis media: does symptomatic response correlate with bacterial outcome? J Pediatr 1991; 118: 178–83
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54
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85120219403
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Cohen R, Levy C, Boucherat M, Langue J, de La Rocque F., A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of five vs. 10 days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children. J Pediatr 1998; 133: 634–9.
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55
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85120219255
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Cohen R, Levy C, Losey MS et al., Five vs. 10 days of therapy for acute otitis media in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis 2000; 19: 458–63.
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56
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85120200015
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Dagan R, Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Yagupsky P, Fliss DM, Leiberman A., Early eradication of pathogens from middle ear fluid during antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media is associated with improved clinical outcome. Ped Infect Dis J 1998; 17: 776–82.
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57
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85120222348
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Gehanno P, Lenoir G, Berche P., In vivo correlates for S. pneumoniae penicillin resistance in acute otitis media. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 271–2.
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58
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85120183943
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Howie B, Ploussard JH, Lester RL., Otitis media: a clinical and bacteriological correlation. Pediatrics 1970; 45: 29–35.
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59
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85120186225
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Kaleida PH, Casselbrant ML, Rockette HE et al., Amoxicillin or myringotomy or both in acute otitis media: results of a randomized trial. Pediatrics 1991; 87: 466–74.
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60
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85120219238
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Klein JO Microbiologic efficacy of antibacterial drugs for acute otitis media., Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 973–5.
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61
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85120235122
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Kozyrkij A, Hildes-Ripstein E, Longstaffe S et al., Treatment of acute otitis media with shortened course of antibiotics: A meta-analysis. JAMA 1998; 279: 1738–42.
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62
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85120213589
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Rosenfeld RM., What to expect from medical treatment of otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 731–7.
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63
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85120191757
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From the 111 articles selected From the production of this recommendation, the following are considered to be particularly relevant.
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64
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85120234998
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Bent S, Saint S, Vittinghoff E, Grady D., Antibiotics in acute bronchitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999; 107: 62–7.
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65
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85120220914
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Farr BM, Kaiser DL, Harrison BDW, Connolly CK., Prediction of microbial etiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from the presenting clinical features. Thorax 1989; 44: 1031–5.
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66
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85120229480
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Fine MJ, Smith MA, Carson CA et al., Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1996; 275: 134–41.
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67
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85120229536
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Ho PL, Yung RWH, Tsang DNCI., Increasing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinomones: results of a Hong Kong multicenter study in 2000. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 659–65.
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68
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85120231158
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Jones RN, Pfaller MA., Macrolide and fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) resistances among Streptococcus pneumoniae strains: significant trends from the Sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (North America, 1997–99). J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 4298–9.
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69
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85120213638
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Melbye H, Straume B, Aasebo U, Dale K., Diagnosis of pneumonia in adults in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 1992; 10: 226–33.
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70
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85120230470
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Pallares R, Gudiol F, Linares J et al., Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococi. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 18–22.
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71
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85120219893
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Woodhead M, MacFarlane JT, McCracken JS, Rose DH, Finch RG., Prospective study of the etiology and outcome of pneumonia in the community. Lancet 1987; I: 671–4.
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72
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85120227195
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Woodhead M, Gialdroni Grassi G, HUCHON GJ, Leophonte P, Manresa F, Schaberg T., Use of investigations in lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey. Eur Resp J 1996; 9: 1596–600.
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73
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85120218545
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From the 84 articles selected for the production of these recommendations, the followings are considered to be particularly relevant.
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74
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T Cherian TJ John E Simoes MC Steinhoff M John Evaluation of simple clinical signs for the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection Lancet 2 1988 125 128
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M Harari F Shann V Spooner Clinical signs of pneumonia in children Lancet 338 1991 928 930
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T Heiskanen-Kosma M Korppi C Jokinen Etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study Pediatr Infect Dis J 17 1998 987 991 11:
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M Korppi T Heiskanen-Kosma E Jalonen Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children treated in hospital Eur J Pediatr 152 1993 24 30
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G Peter The child with pneumonia: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations Pediatr Infect Dis J 7 1988 453 456
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CG Ray CJ Holberg LL Minnich ZM Shebab AL Wright LM Taussig Acute lower respiratory illness during the first three years of life: potential roles for various etiologic agents Pediatr infect Dis J 12 1993 10 14
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