Croatia: Community, Conflict and Culture: the Role of Soccer Clubs in Migrant Identity

Immigrants and Minorities

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 49-66

  Hay, Roy ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0348226987     PISSN: 02619288     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02619288.1998.9974928     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. John Sugden and Alan Tomlinson, Hosts and Champions: Soccer Cultures, National Identities and the USA World Cup (London, 1994), p.141.
2. Jason Crowley, 'Playing for the Ghosts of Croatia', Times, 20 June 1996, Features, p.19.
3. Roy Hay, 'British Football, Wogball or the World Game? Towards a Social History of Victorian Soccer', in John O'Hara (ed.), Ethnicity and Soccer in Australia (Studies in Sports History Number) Australian Society for Sports History (Campbelltown, 1994), pp.44-79; Roy Hay, '"Making Aussies" or "What Soccer is all about": Soccer and European Migrants to Australia, 1945-93', Bradman, Balmain, Barellan and Bocce, Australian Culture and Sport Conference, Australian Sports Commission/ Australian Defence Forces Academy conference at the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, 8-9 Oct. 1993.
4. Roy Hay, 'British Football, Wogball or the World Game? Towards a Social History of Victorian Soccer', in John O'Hara (ed.), Ethnicity and Soccer in Australia (Studies in Sports History Number) Australian Society for Sports History (Campbelltown, 1994), pp.44-79; Roy Hay, '"Making Aussies" or "What Soccer is all about": Soccer and European Migrants to Australia, 1945-93', Bradman, Balmain, Barellan and Bocce, Australian Culture and Sport Conference, Australian Sports Commission/ Australian Defence Forces Academy conference at the Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, 8-9 Oct. 1993.
5. Youngsters in Europe saw Australia as a land of snakes, venomous spiders and kangaroos, America as the land of fast cars and consumer goods, Martin Groher, interview, 13 Aug. 1992 (tape recording in the possession of the author). When the Jewish migrants aboard the Dunera arrived at camps in Hay, New South Wales, one camp specialized in handball, the other in soccer. K.G. Loewald, 'A Dunera Internee at Hay, 1940-41', Historical Studies, Vol.17 (1969), pp.513 and 518.
6. For a useful discussion of the ideas of the nation and the state and their relationships, see Anthony Smith, National Identity (London, 1991), pp.1-18, esp. 14-15.
7. This was written before the 1997 Referendum produced a majority in favour of a Scottish parliament with limited tax raising powers.
8. Interview with Joe Vucica (notes in possession of the author).
9. Notes on interview at Frank Bot's funeral.
10. Interview with Steve Horvat, tape recording in possession of the author.
11. The DLP recruited central European refugees from Communist totalitarianism in their campaign against the Labour Party. See Janet McCalman, Struggletown (Melbourne, 1984), p.284.
12. Mato Tkalcevic, Croats in Australia: An Information and Resource Guide (Burwood, 1988) p.17.
13. Brian Murphy, The Other Australia: Experiences of Migration (Melbourne, 1993), pp.186-91.
14. Tkalcevic, Croats in Australia, p.53.
15. Community Profiles. Yugoslav Born (Canberra, 1990), pp.vii, 7, 31 and 37.
16. Rachel Unikoski, Communal Endeavours: Migrant Organisations in Melbourne (Canberra, 1978).
17. Hay, 'British Football, Wogball or the World Game?', p.58.
18. Steven A. Reiss, Sport in Industrial America, 1850-1920 (Wheeling, IL, 1995), pp.97-105.
19. Stephanie Dew, 'Ethnic Involvement in Sport in Geelong, 1945-1990', MA thesis, Deakin University, 1992.
20. Lyn Richards, 'Displaced Politics', in James Jupp (ed.), Ethnic Politics in Australia (Sydney, 1984), pp.152-6.
21. James Jupp, 'Power in Ethnic Australia', in Jupp (ed.), Ethnic Politics in Australia, pp.186-7.
22. It has been suggested that the rural location of many of the camps was designed to encourage migrants to settle in the area near them. Like most European Australians since 1788 however the new migrants preferred urban settings. See Sol Encel (ed.), The Ethnic Dimension: Papers on Ethnicity and Pluralism by Jean Martin (Sydney, 1981), p.19.
23. Geelong Advertiser, 4 July 1955, in the New Australian column, under the headline 'National Groups Endanger Assimilation'.
24. Ibid.
25. 'Dutch Disclaimer', letter from W. L. Melai, publisher of De Nieuwe Wereld, Geelong Advertiser, 12 July 1955, p.11.
26. As Jean Martin pointed out as early as 1953, 'if we are not prepared to accept the development of immigrant groups, then we must be willing to forgo the continuance of immigrant cultural traditions', Encel (ed.), The Ethnic Dimension, pp.20-21.
27. Geelong Advertiser, 11 July 1955.
28. Interview with Joe Radojevic, 8 July 1991 (tape recording in possession of the author).
29. Ibid. This is confirmed by Frank Bot who arrived in 1961 from Slovenia via Trieste. Being of independent mind Bot decided to go to the camp at Bonegilla. On returning to Melbourne some three weeks later his taxi driver, who was also Croatian, took him to the Preston club. Interview with Frank Bot, 31 Jan. 1994 (tape recording in possession of the author).
30. Reiss, Sport in Industrial America, 1850-1920, pp.88-9 and 94-7.
31. Jesus Maestro, 'Football and Identity in Spain', Paper to the Football in Europe Conference, Leicester, June 1996.
32. 'Making Aussies: A Vital Role for Soccer', Sun-Herald, Sydney, 30 March 1958, p.76.
33. And(j)elko Cimera, 19th Annual Croatian Soccer Tournament Programme, Melbourne Croatia Soccer Club, 1993, p.7. These tournaments started in 1975, after Croatian teams had been expelled from Victorian soccer, which was twenty years after the arrival of the early wave of Croatian migrants and the formation of the first Croatian soccer club in Melbourne. For details see Roy Hay, The Croatia Story (forthcoming).
34. And(j)elko Cimera, 19th Annual Croatian Soccer Tournament Programme, Melbourne Croatia Soccer Club, 1993, p.7. These tournaments started in 1975, after Croatian teams had been expelled from Victorian soccer, which was twenty years after the arrival of the early wave of Croatian migrants and the formation of the first Croatian soccer club in Melbourne. For details see Roy Hay, The Croatia Story (forthcoming).
35. Philip Mosely, 'A Social History of Soccer in New South Wales, 1880-1956', University of Sydney, Ph.D. thesis, 1987; Philip Mosely and Bill Murray, 'Soccer', in Wray Vamplew and Brian Stoddart (eds.), Sport in Australia: A Social History (Cambridge, 1994), pp.213-230; Philip Mosely, Ethnic Involvement in Australian Soccer, 1950-1990 (Canberra, 1995); Philip Mosely, 'European immigrants and soccer violence in New South Wales, 1949-1959', Journal of Australian Studies, Vol.40 (March 1994), pp.14-26.
36. Philip Mosely, 'A Social History of Soccer in New South Wales, 1880-1956', University of Sydney, Ph.D. thesis, 1987; Philip Mosely and Bill Murray, 'Soccer', in Wray Vamplew and Brian Stoddart (eds.), Sport in Australia: A Social History (Cambridge, 1994), pp.213-230; Philip Mosely, Ethnic Involvement in Australian Soccer, 1950-1990 (Canberra, 1995); Philip Mosely, 'European immigrants and soccer violence in New South Wales, 1949-1959', Journal of Australian Studies, Vol.40 (March 1994), pp.14-26.
37. Philip Mosely, 'A Social History of Soccer in New South Wales, 1880-1956', University of Sydney, Ph.D. thesis, 1987; Philip Mosely and Bill Murray, 'Soccer', in Wray Vamplew and Brian Stoddart (eds.), Sport in Australia: A Social History (Cambridge, 1994), pp.213-230; Philip Mosely, Ethnic Involvement in Australian Soccer, 1950-1990 (Canberra, 1995); Philip Mosely, 'European immigrants and soccer violence in New South Wales, 1949-1959', Journal of Australian Studies, Vol.40 (March 1994), pp.14-26.
38. Philip Mosely, 'A Social History of Soccer in New South Wales, 1880-1956', University of Sydney, Ph.D. thesis, 1987; Philip Mosely and Bill Murray, 'Soccer', in Wray Vamplew and Brian Stoddart (eds.), Sport in Australia: A Social History (Cambridge, 1994), pp.213-230; Philip Mosely, Ethnic Involvement in Australian Soccer, 1950-1990 (Canberra, 1995); Philip Mosely, 'European immigrants and soccer violence in New South Wales, 1949-1959', Journal of Australian Studies, Vol.40 (March 1994), pp.14-26.
39. Interview with Branko Filipi, 2 Feb. 1994 (tape recording in possession of the author).
40. VFA is the Victorian Football Association which at the time ran the second level Australian Rules football competition in Victoria.
41. Nina Mistilis, 'The Political Participation of Immigrant Electors', Politics, Vol.15, No.1 (1980), pp.69-71.
42. Jupp (ed.), Ethnic Politics in Australia, p.8.
43. Ibid, p.12.
44. Furio Radin, 'The Supporters of Dinamo Zagreb, now Croatia: From Nationalistic to Political Dissent', Football in Europe Conference, Leicester, 30-31 May 1996, translation by Pierre Lanfranchi.
45. Interview with Branko Filipi, 2 Feb. 1994 (tape recording in possession of the author) and cuttings from Adelaide papers.
46. Ray Gatt, 'United win key points over SA', The Australian, 24 Sept. 1997, p.23; Australian and British Soccer Weekly, Vol.844, 23 Sept. 1997, p.6; Media releases by Soccer Australia, 23-4 Sept. 1997.
47. Ray Gatt, 'United win key points over SA', The Australian, 24 Sept. 1997, p.23; Australian and British Soccer Weekly, Vol.844, 23 Sept. 1997, p.6; Media releases by Soccer Australia, 23-4 Sept. 1997.
48. Ray Gatt, 'United win key points over SA', The Australian, 24 Sept. 1997, p.23; Australian and British Soccer Weekly, Vol.844, 23 Sept. 1997, p.6; Media releases by Soccer Australia, 23-4 Sept. 1997.
49. James Jupp, Immigration (South Melbourne, 1991), pp.79-80.
50. Tariq Modood, Sharon Beishon and Satnam Virdee, Changing Ethnic Identities (London, 1994), p.119.
51. Ibid., p.120.
52. Sources: Mato Tkalcevic, Croats in Australia: An Information and Resource Guide (Burwood, 1988);
53. And(j)elko Cimera, 19th Annual Croatian Soccer Tournament Programme, Melbourne Croatia Soccer Club, 1993;
54. 18th Annual Croatian Tournament Programme, 1992.
55. This date is almost certainly incorrect. It should be 1953. See Roy Hay, The Croatia Story (forthcoming).