The Rise and Fall of Tetraethyllead. 2

Organometallics

Volumn 22, Issue 25, 2003, Pages 5154-5178

  Seyferth, Dietmar ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIKNOCK AGENTS; AVIATION FUELS; KNOCK INHIBITORS;

AUTOMOBILE ENGINES; CHEMICAL LABORATORIES; COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; DETONATION; DYNAMOMETERS; ENGINE PISTONS; EVAPORATION; EXHAUST SYSTEMS (ENGINE); EXTRACTION; GASOLINE; IGNITION; ORGANOMETALLICS; OXIDATION; SPARK PLUGS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); VALVES (MECHANICAL);

LEAD COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0348040035     PISSN: 02767333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/om030621b     Document Type: Review

References (156)

1. (1) There are many sources which give useful, often more detailed overviews of the history of tetraethyllead and tetramethyllead. Some just give the chemistry, and others provide historical accounts with a pro-industry or an anti-industry bias: (a) Kovarik, W. Charles F. Kettering and the 1921 Discovery of Tetraethyl Lead in the Context of Technological Alternatives (talk presented to the Society of Automotive Engineers Fuels and Lubricants Conference, Baltimore, MD, 1994; revised in 1999; available at http://www.Radford.edu/̃wkovarik/papers/kettering.html).
2. (b) Robert, J. C. Ethyl. A History of the Corporation and the People Who Made It; University Press of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA, 1983 (the tetraethyllead story from the point of view of industry)
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7. (g) McCormack, W. B.; Moore, R.; Sandy, C. A. Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. 1981, 14, 180-196.
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10. (j) Kitman, J. L., The Secret History of Lead, The Nation 2000, March 20 issue (http/www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20000320&s=kitman) (a lengthy review with a strong anti-industry bias)
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12. Seyferth, D. Organometallics 2003, 22, 2346. A correction is needed: C. J. Löwig was a professor at the University of Zürich, which was founded in 1833 (not the ETH in Zürich, which was founded in 1854). My thanks to Prof. Albrecht Salzer for pointing this out.
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32. 2
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47. All the reader might want to know about tetramethyllead, with an abundance of references, is given in: Huber, P. Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, 8th ed.; Pb. Organolead Compounds. Part 1. Tetramethyllead; Petz, W., Vol. Ed.; Gmelin Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften and Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1987; xii + 194 pages. Unfortunately, a similar volume devoted to tetraethyllead will not be published, since the Gmelin Institute has been discontinued.
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156. Apropos these data, it is of interest to read what the Octel website (http://www.octel-corp.oom/products/leadalkyls/leadalkyls.htm) says: "As the world's leading producer of tetraethyl lead (TEL), Octel recognises that reductions in the amount of lead present in the man-made environment, from which few overall benefits result, represent a prudent step forward in terms of environmental management. The transition by refineries to unleaded gasoline due to environmental concerns and its incompatibility with the catalyst in catalytic converters will inevitably take some time. During this period, the economies of some countries will continue to depend on leaded gasoline and TEL. Octel remains committed to maintaining a professional working partnership with these customers to ensure the continuity of its supply during the phase-out period."