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See the following websites for more data and evaluations on the ecological and economic impact of local groups: (i) Sustainable agriculture projects-analysis of 208 projects in developing countries in which social capital formation was critical prerequisite of success, see www2.essex.ac.uk/ces/ResearchProgrammes/subheads4foodprodinc.htm. See also (32). (ii) Joint forest management (JFM) projects in India. For impacts in Andhra Pradesh, including satellite photographs, see www.ap.nic.in/apforest/jfm.htm. For case studies of JFM, see www.terlin.org/jfm/cs.htm and www.iifm.org/databank/jfm/jfm.html. See also (25, 33). (iii) For community IPM, see www.communityipm.org/and (26). (iv) For impacts on economic success in rural communities, see (34, 35). (v) For Landcare program in Australia, where 4500 groups have formed since 1989, see www. landcareaustralia.com.au/projectlist.asp and www. landcareaustralia.com.au/FarmingCaseStudies.asp.
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I am grateful for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper by H. Ward and J. Morison, together with those of two anonymous referees.
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