A laboratory study of the retarding effects of braking mounds on snow avalanches

Journal of Glaciology

Volumn 49, Issue 165, 2003, Pages 191-200

  Hákonardóttir, Kristín Martha ^a   Hogg, Andrew J ^b   Jóhannesson, Tómas ^a   Tómasson, Gunnar G ^c  

^a ICELANDIC METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE   (Iceland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c VST Consulting Engineers   (Iceland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVALANCHE; FLOW AROUND OBJECT; FLOW PATTERN; FLOW VELOCITY; GRANULAR MEDIUM; LABORATORY METHOD;

ICELAND; NESKAUPSTADUR;

EID: 0348017044     PISSN: 00221430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3189/172756503781830692     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Chu, T., G. Hill, D. M. McClung, R. Ngun and R. Sherkat. 1995. Experiments on granular flows to predict avalanche runup. Can. Geotech. J., 32(2), 285-295.
2. Gerodetti, M. 1985. Drag coefficient on pyramidal baffle blocks. Water Power & Dam Construction, 37, 26-28.
3. Hager, W. H. 1995. Energy dissipators. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema.
4. Hákonardóttir, K.M. 2000. Retarding effects of breaking mounds. Avalanches. (M.Sc. thesis, University of Bristol.)
5. Hutter, K., T. Koch, C. Plüss and S. B. Savage. 1995. The dynamics of avalanches of granular materials from initiation to runout: Part II. Laboratory experiments. Acta Mech., 109, 127-165.
6. Johnson, P.C., P. Nott and R. Jackson. 1990. Frictional-collisional equations of motion for particulate flows and their application to chutes. J. Fluid Mech., 210, 501-535.
7. McClung, D. M. and P. A. Schaerer. 1993. The avalanche handbook. Seattle, WA, The Mountaineers.
8. Norem, H. 1994. Snow engineering for roads. Oslo, Norwegian Public Administration.
9. Novak, P., A. I. B. Moffat, C. Nalluri and R. Narayanan. 1989. Hydraulic structures. London, Unwin Hyman Ltd.
10. Peterka, A. J. 1984. Hydraulic design of stilling basins and energy dissipators. Denver, CO, U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. (Engineering Monograph 25.)
11. Roberson, J. A., J. J. Cassidy and M. H. Chaudhry. 1997. Hydraulic engineering. Boston, etc., Houghton Mifflin Company.
12. Salm, B. 1987. Schnee, Lawinen und Lawinenschutz. Zürich, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. (Vorlesungsskript ).
13. Savage, S. B. and K. Hutter. 1989. The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline. J. Fluid Mech., 199, 177-215.
14. Tai, Y. C., J. M. N. T. Gray, K. Hutter and S. Noelle. 2001. Flow of dense avalanches past obstructions. Ann. Glaciol., 32, 281-284.
15. Tómasson, G. G., F. Sigur∂sson and F. Rapin. 1998a. The avalanche situation in Neskaupsta∂ur, Iceland. A preliminary defensive plan. In Hestnes, E., ed. 25 Years of Snow Avalanche Research, Voss 12-16 May 1998. Proceedings. Oslo, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, 283-287. (NGI Publication 203.)
16. Tómasson, G. G., F. Sigur∂sson and F. Rapin. 1998b. Neskaupsta∂ur. Avalanche defence appraisal. Drangagil area. Reykjavík, VST Consulting Engineers. (Report 97.202.)
17. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). 1987. Design of small dams. Third edition. Washington, DC, U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
18. Voellmy, A. 1955. Über die Zerstörungskraft von Lawinen. Schweizerische Bauzeitung, 73(12/15/17/19), 159-162, 212-217, 246-249, 280-285. (U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Alta Avalanche Study Center. Translation 2, 1964.)
19. Wieland, M., J. M. N. T. Gray and K. Hutter. 1999. Channelized free-surface flow of cohesionless granular avalanches in a chute with shallow lateral curvature. J. Fluid Mech., 392, 73-100.
20. Woods, A. W. and A. J. Hogg. 1998. Snow avalanches. Models of particle-laden currents and avalanche protection measures. Bristol, University of Bristol. Centre for Environmental and Geophysical Research. School of Mathematics.
21. Woods, A. W. and A. J. Hogg. 1999. Experiments on granular flows passing over obstacles on an inclined chute. Bristol, University of Bristol. Centre for Environmental and Geophysical Research. School of Mathematics