Sapling Diversity in Canopy Gaps in an Ecuadorian Rain Forest

Forest Science

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 909-917

  Salvador Van Eysenrode, D ^a   Bogaert, J ^b   Zak Mnacek, V ^c   Ceulemans, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO   (Ecuador)

Author keywords

Forest cycle; Gap isolation; Gini evenness index; Log series model; S rensen similarity index

Indexed keywords

DATA REDUCTION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

RAIN FOREST;

FORESTRY;

EID: 0348011408     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. BALDOCK, J.W. 1982. Geología del Ecuador. Boletín de explicación del mapa geológico de la República del Ecuador. Ministerio de Recursos Naturales y Energéticos, Dirección General de Geología y Minas, Quito, Ecuador. 70 p.
2. BARNES, B.V., D.R. ZAK, S.R. DENTON, AND S.H. SPURR. 1998. Forest ecology. Wiley, New York. 774 p.
3. BROKAW, N.V.L. 1982a. The definition of treefall gap and its measures of forest dynamics. Biotropica 14:158-160.
4. BROKAW, N.V.L. 1982b. Treefalls: Frequency, timing, and consequences. P. 101-108 in The ecology of a tropical forest: Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes, Leigh, E.G., Jr., et al. (eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.
5. BROKAW, N.V.L. 1985. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. P. 53-69 in The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics, Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White (eds.). Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
6. BROKAW, N.V.L., AND R.T. BUSING. 2000. Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15:183-188.
7. BROKAW, N.V.L., AND S.M. SCHEINER. 1989. Species composition in gaps and structure of a tropical forest. Ecology 70:538-541.
8. BUSING, R.T., AND P.S. WHITE. 1997. Species diversity and small-scale disturbance in an old-growth temperate forest: a consideration of gap partitioning concepts. Oikos 78:562-568.
9. CANHAM, C.D., AND P.L. MARKS. 1985. The response of woody plants to disturbance: Patterns of establishment and growth. P. 197-215 in The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics, Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White (eds.). Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
10. CAUSTON, D.R. 1988. Introduction to vegetation analysis. Unwin Hyman, London, United Kingdom. 342 p.
11. CHAZDON, R.L., R.K. COLWELL, AND J.S. DENSLOW. 1999. Tropical tree richness and resource-based niches (technical comment). Science 285:1459a.
12. CLARK, D.B. 1990. The role of disturbance in the regeneration of neotropical moist forests. P. 291-315 in Reproductive ecology of tropical forest plants, Bawa, K.S., and M. Hadley (eds.). MAB-UNESCO series 7, Paris, France.
13. CLIFFORD, H.T., AND W. STEPHENSON. 1975. An introduction to numerical classification. Academic Press, New York. 229 p.
14. CONDIT, R., S.P. HUBBELL, AND R.B. FOSTER. 1996. Assessing the response of plant functional types to climatic change in tropical forests. J. Veg. Sci. 7:405-416.
15. CONNEL, J.H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199:1302-1310.
16. DENSLOW, J.S. 1980. Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees. Biotropica 12:47-55.
17. DENSLOW, J.S. 1985. Disturbance mediated coexistence of species. P. 307-323 in The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics, Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White (eds.). Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
18. DENSLOW, J.S. 1987. Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:431-451.
19. FAGERSTRÖM, T. 1988. Lotteries in communities of sessile organisms. Trends Ecol. Evol. 3:303-306.
20. FEENER, D.H., JR., AND E.W. SCHUPP. 1998. Effect of treefall gaps on the patchiness and species richness of Neotropical ant assemblages. Oecologia 116:191-201.
21. FORMAN, R.T.T., AND M. GODRON. 1986. Landscape ecology. Wiley, New York. 619 p.
22. GITAY, H., I.R. NOBLE, AND J.H. CONNELL. 1999. Deriving functional types for rain-forest trees. J. Veg. Sci. 10:641-650.
23. GOTELLI, N.J., AND G.R. GRAVES. 1996. Null models in ecology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 368 p.
24. GRUBB, P.J. 1977. The maintenance of species richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52:107-145.
25. HARTSHORN, G.S. 1989. Application of gap theory to tropical forest management: natural regeneration on strip clear-cuts in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecology 70:567-569.
26. HARTSHORN, G.S. 1990. An overview of neotropical forest dynamics. P. 585-599 in Four neotropical rainforests, Gentry, A.H. (ed.). Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
27. HUBBELL, S.P. 1999. Tropical tree richness and resource-based niches (technical comment). Science 285:1459a.
28. HUBBELL, S.P., R.B. FOSTER, S.T. O'BRIEN, K.E. HARMS, R. CONDIT, B. WECHSLER, S.J. WRIGHT, AND S. LOO DE LAO. 1999. Light-gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest. Science 283:554-557.
29. JACOBS, M. 1981. The tropical rain forest: a first encounter. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 295 p.
30. KELLMAN M., AND R. TACKABERRY. 1997. Tropical environments -The functioning and management of tropical ecosystems. Routledge, London, United Kingdom. 380 p.
31. KOBE, R.K. 1999. Tropical tree richness and resource-based niches (technical comment). Science 285:1459a.
32. KOHYAMA, T. 1987. Significance of architecture and allometry in saplings. Funct. Ecol. 1:399-404.
33. KOVACH, W.L. 1986. MVSP Plus, version 2.1. User's Manual. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, United Kingdom. 55 p.
34. LUDWIG, J.A., AND J.F. REYNOLDS. 1988. Statistical ecology - A primer on methods and computing. Wiley, New York. 337 p.
35. MAGURRAN, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Croom Helm, London, United Kingdom. 179 p.
36. MAY, R. 1981. Patterns in multi-species communities. P. 197-227 in Theoretical ecology: Principles and applications, May, R. (ed.). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom.
37. NEPSTAD, D.C., A. VERÍSSIMO, A. ALENCAR, C. NOBRE, E. LIMA, P. LEFEBVRE, P. SCHLESINGER, C. POTTER, P. MOUTINHO, E. MENDOZA, M. COCHRANE, AND V. BROOKS. 1999. Large scale impoverishment of Amazon forests by logging and fire. Nature 398:505-508.
38. OLDEMAN, R.A.A. 1989. Dynamics in tropical rain forests. P. 3-21 in Tropical forests: Botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity, Holm-Nielsen, L.B., et al. (eds.). Academic Press, London, United Kingdom.
39. PETRAITIS, P.S., R.E. LATHAM, AND R.A. NIESENBAUM. 1989. The maintenance of species diversity by disturbance. Q. Rev. Biol. 64:393-418.
40. POOLE, R.W. 1974. An introduction to quantitative ecology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 532 p.
41. RAICH, J.W., AND N.L. CHRISTENSEN. 1989. Malaysian dipterocarp forest: tree seedling and sapling species composition and small-scale disturbance patterns. Nat. Geogr. Res. 5:348-363.
42. RICHARDS, P.W. 1996. The tropical rainforest, an ecological study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 575 p.
43. ROBERTS, M.P., AND F.S. GILLIAM. 1995. Patterns and mechanisms of plant diversity in forested ecosystems: implications for forest management. Ecol. Applic. 5:969-977.
44. ROUSSEAU, R., AND P. VAN HECKE. 1999. Measuring biodiversity. Acta Biotheor. 47:1-5.
45. RUNKLE, J.R. 1981. Gap regeneration in some old-growth forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 62:1041-1051.
46. SALVADOR-VAN EYSENRODE, D., J. BOGAERT, P. VAN HECKE, AND I. IMPENS. 1998. Influence of tree-fall orientation on canopy gap shape in an Ecuadorian rainforest. J. Trop. Ecol. 14:865-869.
47. SALVADOR-VAN EYSENRODE, D., J. BOGAERT, P. VAN HECKE, AND I. IMPENS. 1999a. Canopy perforation in Amazonian Ecuador. Coenoses 14:13-21.
48. SALVADOR-VAN EYSENRODE, D., J. BOGAERT, AND I. IMPENS. 1999b. Canopy gap morphology determinants in an Amazonian rain forest. Selbyana 20:339-344.
49. SALVADOR-VAN EYSENRODE, D., J. BOGAERT, P. VAN HECKE, AND I. IMPENS. 2000. Forest canopy perforation in time and space in Amazonian Ecuador. Acta Oecol. 21:285-291.
50. SKOLE, D., AND C.J. TUCKER. 1993. Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite data from 1978 to 1988. Science 260:1905-1910.
51. SUGIHARA, G. 1980. Minimal community structure: An explanation of species abundance patterns. Am. Natur. 116:770-787.
52. SWAINE, M.D., AND T.C. WHITMORE. 1988. On the definition of ecological species groups in tropical rain forests. Vegetatio 75:81-86.
53. TERBORGH, J. 1992. Diversity and the tropical rain forest. Scientific American Library, New York. 242 p.
54. TILMAN, D. 1999. Diversity by default. Science 283:495-496.
55. WAITE, S. 2000. Statistical ecology in practice - A guide to analyzing environmental and ecological field data. Pearson Education Limited, Essex, United Kingdom. 414 p.
56. WEINER, J., AND O.T. SOLBRIG. 1984. The meaning and measurement of size hierarchies in plant populations. Oecologia 61:334-336.