Mathematical Programming Approaches to the Synthesis of Chemical Process Systems

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering

Volumn 17, Issue SUPPL., 2000, Pages 407-426

  Grossmann, Ignacio E ^a   Caballero, Jose Antonio ^a   Yeomans, Hector ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Mathematical Programming; MINLP; Process Flowsheets; Process Synthesis; Superstructures

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347936076     PISSN: 02561115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (277)

1. Balas, E., Ceria, S. and Cornuejols, G. A., "Lift-and-Project Cutting Plane Algorithm for Mixed 0-1 Programs," Mathematical Programming, 58, 295 (1993).
2. Bazaraa, M. S., Sherali, H. D. and Shetty, C. M., "Nonlinear Programming," John Wiley (1994).
3. Brooke, A., Kendrick, D. and Meeraus, A., "GAMS-A User's Guide," Scientific Press, Palo Alto (1992).
4. Chvatal, "Linear Programming," Freeman (1983).
5. Fletcher, R., "Practical Methods of Optimization," Wiley (1987).
6. Floudas, C. A., Adjiman, C. S., Androulakis, I. P. and Maranas, C. D., "A Global Optimization Method, BB, for Process Design," Suppl. Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, S419 (1996).
7. Fourer, R., Gay, D. M. and Kernighan, B. W., "AMPL: A Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming," Duxbury Press, Belomont, CA (1992).
8. Gill, P. E., Murray, W. and Wright, M. H., "Practical Optimization," Academic Press, London (1981).
9. Goldberg, D. E., "Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimisation and Machine Learning," Addison-Wesley, Reading Mass. (1989).
10. Grossmann, I. E. and Biegler, L. T., "Optimizing Chemical Processes," Chemtech, 25, 12, 27 (1995)
11. Grossmann, I. E. (ed.), "Global Optimization in Engineering Design," Kluwer, Dordrecht (1996).
12. Han, S. P., "Superlinearly Convergent Variable Metric Algorithms for General Nonlinear Programming Problems," Math Progr., 11, 263 (1976).
13. Horst, R. and Pardalos, P. M. (eds), "Handbook of Global Optimization," Kluwer (1995).
14. Horst, R. and Tuy, H., "Global Optimization," Springer-Verlag (1993).
15. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D. and Vechi, M. P., "Optimization by Simulated Annealing," Science, 220, 671 (1983).
16. Kondili, E., Pantelides, C. C. and Sargent, R. W. H., "A General Algorithm for Short-Term Scheduling of Batch Operations-I. MILP Formulation," Comp. & Chem. Eng., 17(2), 211 (1993).
17. Lustig, J., Marsten, R. and Shanno, D., "Interior Point Methods for Linear Programming: Computational State of the Art," ORSA Journal on Computing, Winter, 6(1), 1 (1994).
18. Marsten, R., Saltzman, M., Lustig, J. and Shanno, D., "Interior Point Methods for Linear Programming: Just Call Newton, Lagrange and Fiacco and McCormick," Interfaces, 20(4), 116 (1990).
19. More, J. and Wright, M., "Optimization Software Guide," SIAM (1993).
20. Minoux, M., "Mathematical Programming: Theory and Algorithms," John Wiley (1986).
21. Murtagh, B. A. and Saunders, M. A., "Large-Scale Linearly Constrained Optimization," Mathematical Programming, 14, 41 (1978).
22. Murtagh, B. A. and Saunders, M. A., "A Projected Lagrangian Algorithm and its Implementation for Sparse Nonlinear Constraints," Mathematical Programming Study, 16, 84 (1982).
23. Nemhauser, G. L., Rinnory, Kan, A. H. G. and Todd, M. J. (eds), "Optimization," Handbook in Operations Research and Management Science, North Holland, Amsterdam, 1 (1989).
24. Nemhauser, G. L. and Wolsey L. A., "Integer and Combinatorial Optimization," Wiley-Interscience, New York (1988).
25. Powell, M. J. D., "A Fast Algorithm for Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization Calculations," In Numerical Analysis, Dundee (1977). Watson, G. A. (ed.), "Lecture Notes in Mathematics 630," Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1978).
26. Pinto, J. and Grossmann, I. E., "Assignment and Sequencing Models for the Scheduling of Chemical Processes," Annals of Operations Research, 81, 433 (1998).
27. Quesada, I. E. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Global Optimization Algorithm for Linear Fractional and Bilinear Programs," Journal of Global Optimization, 6, 39 (1995).
28. Reklaitis G. V., "Progress and Issues in Computer-Aided Batch Process Design," FOCAPD Proceedings, Elsevier, NY, 241 (1990).
29. Sahinids, N. V. and Ryoo, H. S., "Global Optimization of Non-convex NLP's and MINLP's with Applications in Process Design," Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, 551 (1995).
30. Saigal, "Linear Programming: A Modern Integrated Analysis," Kluwer Academic Publishers (1995).
31. Schittkowski, K., "The Nonlinear Programming Method of Wilson, Han and Powell with an Augmented Lagrangian Type Line Search Function. Part 1: Convergence Analysis," Numerische Mathematic, 38, 83; "Part 2: An Efficient Implementation with Linear Least Squares Subproblems," op. cit., 115 (1981).
32. Schittkowski, K., "The Nonlinear Programming Method of Wilson, Han and Powell with an Augmented Lagrangian Type Line Search Function. Part 1: Convergence Analysis," Numerische Mathematic, 38, 83; "Part 2: An Efficient Implementation with Linear Least Squares Subproblems," op. cit., 115 (1981).
33. Shah, N., "Single and Multisite Planning and Scheduling: Current Status and Future Challenges," FOCAPO Proceedings (1998).
34. Smith, E. and Pantelides, C., "Global Optimisation of General Process Models," in Grossmann, I. E. (ed.), "Global Optimization in Engineering Design," Kluwer, Dordrecht, 355 (1996).
35. Vasantharajan, S., Viswanathan, J. and Biegler, L. T., "Reduced Successive Quadratic Programming Implementation for Largescale Optimization Problems with Smaller Degrees of Freedom," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 14, 907 (1990).
36. Visweswaran, C. and Floudas, C. A., "A Global Optimization Algorithm (GOP) for Certain Classes of Nonconvex NLPs-II. Application of Theory and Test Problems," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 14(2), 1419 (1990).
37. Williams, H. P., "Mathematical Building in Mathematical Programming," John Wiley, Chichester (1985).
38. Zamora, J. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Branch and Contract Algorithm for Problems with Concave Univariate, Bilinear and Linear Fractional Terms," accepted for publication, Journal of Gobal Optimization (1998).
39. Zamora, J. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Continuous Global Optimization of Structured Process System Models," accepted for publication Computers and Chemical Engineering (1998).
40. Balas, E., "Disjunctive Programming and a Hierarchy of Relaxations for Discrete Optimization Problems," SIAM J. Alg. Disc. Meth., 6, 466 (1985).
41. Beaumont, N., "An Algorithm for Disjunctive Programs," European Journal of Operations Research, 48, 362 (1991).
42. Borchers, B. and Mitchell, J. E., "An Improved Branch and Bound Algorithm for Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming," Computers and Operations Research, 21, 359 (1994).
43. Ding-Mei and Sargent, R. W. H., "A Combined SQP and Branch and Bound Algorithm for MINLP Optimization," Internal Report, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, London (1992).
44. Duran, M. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "An Outer-Approximation Algorithm for a Class of Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programs," Math Programming, 36, 307 (1986).
45. Fletcher, R. and Leyffer, S., "Solving Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programs by Outer Approximation," Math Programming, 66, 327 (1994).
46. Friedler, F. K., Varga, J. B., Feher, E. and Fan, L. T., "Combinatorially Accelerated Branch and Bound Method for Solving the MILP Model of Process Network Synthesis," in Nonconvex Optimization and its Applications (Eds. Floudas, C. A. and Pardalos, P. M.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Nowell, MA, 609 (1996).
47. Geoffrion, A. M., "Generalized Benders Decomposition," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 10(4), 237 (1972).
48. Grossmann, I. E. and Kravanja, Z., "Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming: A Survey of Algorithms and Applications," The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 93, Large-Scale Optimization with Applications. Part II: Optimal Design and Control (eds, Biegler, Coleman, Conn, Santosa), Springer Verla, 273 (1997).
49. Gupta, O. K. and Ravindran, V., "Branch and Bound Experiments in Convex Nonlinear Integer Programming," Management Science, 31(12), 1533 (1985).
50. Kelley Jr., J. E., "The Cutting-Plane Method for Solving Convex Programs," Journal of SIAM, 8, 703 (1960).
51. Kocis, G. R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Relaxation Strategy for the Structural Optimization of Process Flow Sheets," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 26, 1869 (1987).
52. Lee, S. and Grossmann, I. E., "Nonlinear Convex Hull Reformulations and Algorithms for Generalized Disjunctive Programming," submitted for publication (1999).
53. Leyffer, S., "Deterministic Methods for Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming," Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Dundee, Dundee (1993).
54. Nabar, S. and Schrage, L., "Modeling and Solving Nonlinear Integer Programming Problems," Presented at Annual AIChE Meeting, Chicago (1991).
55. Paules, G. E. and Floudas, C. A., "Apros: Algorithmic Development Methodology for Discrete-continuous Optimization Problems," Operations Research, 37, 902 (1989).
56. Quesada, I. and Grossmann, I. E., "An LP/NLP Based Branch and Bound Algorithm for Convex MINLP Optimization Problems," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 16, 937 (1992).
57. Raman, R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Relation Between MILP Modelling and Logical Inference for Chemical Process Synthesis," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 15, 73 (1991).
58. Raman, R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Symbolic Integration of Logic in Mixed Integer Linear Programming Techniques for Process Synthesis," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 17, 909 (1993).
59. Raman, R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Modelling and Computational Techniques for Logic Based Integer Programming," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 18, 563 (1994).
60. Stubbs, R. A. and Mehrotra, S., "A Branch and Cut Method for 0-1 Mixed Convex Programming," Presented at INFORMS Meeting, Washington (1996).
61. Turkay, M. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Logic Based Outer-Approximation Algorithm for MINLP Optimization of Process Flowsheets," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 20, 959 (1996).
62. Vecchietti, A. and Grossmann, I. E., "LOGMIP: A Discrete Continuous Nonlinear Optimizer," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 21, S427 (1997).
63. Viswanathan, J. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Combined Penalty Function and Outer-Approximation Method for MINLP Optimization," Comput. Chem. Engng., 14, 769 (1990).
64. Westerlund, T. and Pettersson, F., "A Cutting Plane Method for Solving Convex MINLP Problems," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 19, S131 (1995).
65. Yuan, X., Zhang, S., Piboleau, L. and Domenech, S., "Une Methode d'optimisation Nonlineare en Variables pour la Conception de Procedes," Operations Research, 22, 331 (1988).
66. Achenie, L. E. K and Biegler, L. T., "Algorithmic Synthesis of Chemical Reactor Networks Using Mathematical Programming," Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund., 25, 621 (1986).
67. Achenie, L. E. K and Biegler, L. T., "Developing Targets for the Performance Index of a Chemical Reactor Network," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 27, 1811 (1988).
68. Balakrishna, S. and Biegler, L. T., "A Constructive Targeting Approach for the Synthesis of Isothermal Reactor Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31(9), 300 (1992a).
69. Balakrishna, S. and Biegler, L. T., "A Unified Approach for the Simultaneous Synthesis of Reaction, Energy and Separation Systems," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32(7), 1372 (1993).
70. Balakrishna, S. and Biegler, L. T., "Targeting Strategies for Synthesis and Energy Integration of Non-isothermal Reactor Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31(9), 2152 (1992b).
71. Bikic, D. and Glavic, P., "Innovative Designs of Reactor Networks from Reaction and Mixing Principles," Comput. Chem. Eng., 20, S455 (1996).
72. Bikic, D. and Glavic, P., "Synthesis of Reactor Networks with Multiple Multicomponent Feeds," Comput. Chem. Eng., 19, S161 (1995).
73. Chitra, S. P. and Govind, R., "Synthesis of Optimal Reactor Structures for Homogeneous Reactions," AIChE J., 31(2), 177 (1985).
74. Chitra, S. P. and Govind, R., "Yield Optimization for Complex Reactor Systems," Chem. Eng. Sci., 36, 1219 (1981).
75. Feinberg, M. and Hildebrandt, D., "Optimal Reactor Design from a Geometric Viewpoint," Presented at the Annual AIChE Meeting Paper 142c Miami Beach Florida (1992).
76. Feinberg, M. and Hildebrandt, D., "Optimal Reactor Design from a Geometric Viewpoint-I. Universal Properties of the Attainable Region," Chem. Eng. Sci., 52(10), 1637 (1997).
77. Glasser, D., Crowe, C. and Hildebrandt, D., "A Geometric Approach to Steady Flow Reactors: The Attainable Region and Optimization in Concentration Space," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 26(9), 1803 (1987).
78. Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, D. and Crowe, C., "The Geometry of the Attainable Region Generated by Reaction and Mixing with and without Constraints," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29(1), 49 (1990).
79. Hopley, F., Glasser, D. and Hildebrandt, D., "Optimal Reactor Structures for Exothermic Reversible Reactions with Complex Kinetics," Chem. Eng. Sci., 51(10), 2399 (1996).
80. Horn, F., "Attainable Regions in Chemical Reaction Technique. Presented at the Third European Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering," Pergamon, London (1964).
81. Kokossis, A. C. and Fluodas, C. A., "Optimization of Complex Reaction Networks-II. Nonisothermal Operation," Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(7), 1037 (1994b).
82. Kokossis, A. C. and Fluodas, C. A., "Optimization of Complex Reactor Networks. I Isothermal Operation," Chem. Eng. Sci., 45(3), 595 (1990).
83. Kokossis, A. C. and Fluodas, C. A., "Stability in Optimal Design: Synthesis of Complex Reaction Networks," AIChE J., 40(5), 849 (1994a).
84. Kokossis, A. C. and Fluodas, C. A., "Synthesis of Non-isothermal Reactor Networks," Presented at the Annual AIChE Meeting, San Francisco CA (1991).
85. Kokossis, A. C. and Fluodas, C. A., "Synthesis of Reactor-Separator-Recycle Systems," Presented at the Annual AIChE Meeting, San Francisco CA (1989).
86. Lakshamanan, A. and Biegler, L. T., "Synthesis of Optimal Chemical Reactor Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 1344 (1996a).
87. Lakshamanan, A. and Biegler, L. T., "Synthesis of Optimal Chemical Reactor Networks with Simultaneous Mass Integration," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 4523 (1996).
88. Marcoulaki, E. and Kokossis, A. C., "Stochastic Optimization of Complex Reaction Systems," Comput. Chem. Eng., 20, S231 (1996).
89. Omtveit, T. and Lien, K., "Reactor System Design Revisited," Paper No. 153b, AIChE Meeting St Louis, MO (1993).
90. Smith, E. M. B. and Pantelides, C. C., "Design of Reaction/Separation Networks Using Detailed Models," Comput. Chem. Eng., 19, S83 (1995).
91. Aggarwal, A. and Floudas, C. A., "Synthesis of General Distillation Sequences-Nonsharp Separations, Comp. Chem. Eng., 14(6), 631 (1990).
92. Agrawal, R., "Synthesis of Distillation Column Configurations for a Multicomponent Separation," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 1059 (1996).
93. Andrecovic, M. J. and Westerberg, A. W., "A MILP Formulation for Heat Integrated Distillation Sequence Synthesis," AIChE J., 31(9), 1461 (1985).
94. Bagajewicz, M. J. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Mass/Heat Exchange Network Representation of Distillation Networks," AIChE J. 38, 1769 (1992).
95. Barbosa, D. and Doherty, M. F., "The Influence of Equilibrium Chemical Reactions on Vapor Liquid Phase Diagrams," Chem. Eng. Sci., 43(3), 529 (1988a).
96. Barbosa, D. and Doherty, M. F., "The Simple Distillation of Homogeneous Reactive Mixture," Chem. Eng. Sci., 43(3), 541 (1988b).
97. Bauer, M. H. and Stichlmair, J., "Design and Economic Optimization of Azeotropic Distillation Processes Using Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming," Comp. Chem. Eng., 22(9), 1271 (1998).
98. Bauer, M. H. and Stichlmair, J., "Superstructures for the Mixed Integer Optimization of Nonideal and Azeotropic Distillation Processes," Comp. Chem. Eng. Suppl., 20, S25 (1996).
99. Bessling, B., Schembecker, G. and Simmrock, K. H., "Design of Process with Reactive Distillation Line Diagrams," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 3032 (1997).
100. Caballero, J. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "Aggregated Models for Integrated Distillation Systems," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38, 2330 (1999).
101. Ciric, A. R. and Gu, D., "Synthesis of Nonequilibrium Reactive Distillation Processes by MINLP Optimization," AIChE J., 40(9), 1479 (1994).
102. Douglas, J. M., "Conceptual Design of Chemical Process," McGraw-Hill (1988).
103. Dunnebier, G. and Pantelides, C. C., "Optimal Design of Thermally Coupled Distillation Columns," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38(1), 162 (1999).
104. Floquet, P., Pibouleau, L. and Domenech, S., "Mathematical Programming Tools for Chemical Engineering Process Design Synthesis," Chem. Eng. Process, 23, 1 (1988).
105. Floquet, P., Pibouleau, L. and Domenech, S., "Separation Sequence Synthesis: How to Use Simulated Annealing Procedures," Comp. Chem. Eng., 18, 1141, 1 (1994).
106. Floudas, C. A. and Anastasiades, S. H., "Synthesis of Distillation Sequences with Several Multicomponent Feed and Product Stream," Chem. Eng. Sci., 43(9), 2407 (1988).
107. Floudas, C. A. and Paules, G. E., "A Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming Formulation for the Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Distillation Sequence," Comp. Chem. Eng., 12(6), 531 (1988).
108. Floudas, C. A., "Separation Synthesis of Multicomponent Feed Streams into Multicomponent Product Streams," AIChE J., 33(4), 540 (1987).
109. Fonyo, Z., "Thermodynamic Analysis of Rectification: II. Finite Cascade Models," Int. Chem. Eng., 14(2), 203 (1974).
110. Fraga, E. S. and Matias, T. R. S., "Synthesis and Optimization of a Non-ideal Distillation Systems Using Parallel Genetic Algorithm," Suppl Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, S79 (1996).
111. Fraga, E. S. and McKinnon, K. I. M., "Portable Code for Process Synthesis Using Workstation Clusters and Distributed Memory Multicomputers," Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, 759 (1995).
112. Gert-Jan, A. F. and Liu, Y. A., "Heuristic Synthesis and Shortcut Design of Separation Processes Using Residue Curve Maps: A Review," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 33, 2505 (1994).
113. Hauan, S. and Lien, K. M., "Phenomena Based Design Approach to Reactive Distillation," Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 76, 396 (1998).
114. Hendry, J. E. and Hughes, R. R., "Generating Separation Process Flowsheets," Chem. Eng. Prog., 68, 69(1972).
115. Johns, W. D. and Romero, D., "Automated Generation and Evaluation of Process Flowsheets," Comp. Chem. Eng., 3, 251 (1979).
116. Juergen, K., Poellmann, P. and Blass, E., "A Review on Minimum Energy Calculations for Ideal and Nonideal Distillations," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 1003 (1995).
117. Kakhu, A. I. and Flower, J. R., "Synthesizing Heat-Integrated Distillation Sequences Using Mixed Integer Programming," Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 66(3), 241 (1988).
118. Laroche, L., Bekiaris, N., Andersen, H. W. and Morari, M., "Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation: Separability and Flowsheet Synthesis," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, 2190 (1992).
119. Lucia, A. and Kumar, A., "Distillation Optimization," Comp. Chem. Eng., 12(12), 1263 (1988).
120. Novak, Z., Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Synthesis of Distillation Sequences in Overall Process Schemes Using an Improved MTNLP Approach," Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, 1425 (1996).
121. Okasinski, M. and Doherty, M. F., "Design Method for Kinetically Controlled, Staged Reactive Distillation Columns," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 2821 (1998).
122. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "Generalized Modular Representation Framework for Process Synthesis," AIChE J., 42, 1010 (1996).
123. Paules, G. E. and Floudas, C. A., "Stochastic Programming in Process Synthesis : A Two Stage Model with MINLP Recourse for Multiperiod Heat-Integrated Distillation Sequences," Comp. Chem. Eng., 16(3), 189 (1992).
124. Peltyuk, F. B., Platonov, V. M. and Slavinskii, D. M., "Thermodynamically Optimal Method for Separating Multicomponent Mixtures," Int. Chem. Eng., 5(3), 555 (1965).
125. Raman, R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Modeling and Computational Techniques for Logic Based Integer Programming," Comp. Chem. Eng., 18, 563 (1994).
126. Rooks, R. E., Julka, V., Doherty, M. F. and Malone, M. F., "Structure of Distillation Regions for Multicomponent Azeotropic Mixtures," AIChE J., 44, 1382 (1998).
127. Sargent, R. W. H., "A Functional Approach to Process Synthesis and its Applications to Distillation Systems," Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, 31 (1998).
128. Sargent, R. W. H. and Gaminibandara, K., "Introduction: Approaches to Chemical Process Synthesis," In Optimization in Action (Dixon, L. C. W. ed.), Academic Press, London (1976).
129. Seader, J. D. and Westerberg, A. W., "A Combined Heuristic and Evolutionary Strategy for Synthesis of Simple Separation Sequences," AIChE J., 23, 951 (1977).
130. Siirola, J. J. and Rudd, D. F., "Computer-Aided Synthesis of Chemical Process, Designs," Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 10, 353 (1971).
131. Smith, E. M., "On the Optimal Design of Continuos Processes," PhD. Dissertation Under Supervision of C. Pantelides. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London U.K. (1996).
132. Stephanopoulos, G. and Westerberg, A. W., "Studies in Process Synthesis, II. Evolutionary Synthesis of Optimal Process Flowsheets," Chem. Eng. Sci., 31, 195 (1976).
133. Turkay, M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Logic-Based MINLP Algorithms for the Optimal Synthesis of Process Networks," Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, 959 (1996).
134. Ung, S. and Doherty, M. F., "Calculation of Residue Curve Maps for Mixtures with Multiple Equilibrium Chemical Reactions," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 3195 (1995a).
135. Ung, S. and Doherty, M. F., "Synthesis of Reactive Distillation Systems with Multiple Equilibrium Chemical Reactions," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 34, 2555 (1995b).
136. Venimadhavan, G., Buzad, G., Dohertu, M. F. and Malone, M. F., "Effect of Kinetics on Residue Curve Maps for Reactive Distillation," AIChE J., 40(11), 1814 (1994).
137. Viswanathan, J. and Grossmann, I. E., "An Alternate MINLP Model for Finding the Number of Trays Required for a Specific Separation Objective," Comp. Chem. Eng., 17(9), 949 (1993a).
138. Viswanathan, J. and Grossmann, I. E., "Optimal Feed Locations and Number of Trays for Distillation Columns with Multiple Feeds," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 2942 (1993b).
139. Westerberg, A. W. and Wahnschafft, O., "Synthesis of Distillation Based Separation Systems. In Advances in Chemical Engineering," Academic Press, 23, 63 (1996).
140. Westerberg, A. W., "The Synthesis of Distillated Based Separation," Comp. Chem. Eng., 9, 421 (1985).
141. Yeomans, H. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Systematic Modeling Framework of Superstructure Optimization in Process Synthesis," Comput. Chem. Eng., 23, 709 (1999a).
142. Yeomans, H. and Grossmann, I. E., "Nonlinear Disjunctive Programming Models for the Synthesis of Heat Integrated Distillation Sequences," to appear Comp. Chem. Eng. (1999b).
143. Athier, G., Floquet, P., Pibouleau, L. and Domenech, S., "Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks by Simulated Annealing and NLP Procedures," AIChE J., 43, 3007 (1997).
144. Cerda, J. and Westerberg, A. W., "Synthesizing Heat Exchanger Networks Having Restricted Stream/Stream Matches Using Transportation Problem Formulation," Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, 1723 (1983).
145. Ciric, A. R. and Floudas, C. A., "Comprehensive Optimization Model of the Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit Problem," Heat Recovery Systems & CHP, 10, 407 (1990).
146. Ciric, A. R. and Floudas, C. A., "Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis without Decomposition," Computers and Chem. Eng., 15, 385 (1991).
147. Colberg, R. D. and Morari, M., "Area and Capital Cost Targets for Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis with Constrained Matches and Unequal Heat Transfer Coefficient," Com. Chem. Eng., 14, 1 (1990).
148. Daichendt, M. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Preliminary Screening-Procedure for MINLP Heat-Exchanger Network Synthesis Using Aggregated Models," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 72, 357 (1994a).
149. Duran, M. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Optimization and Heat Integration of Chemical Processes," AIChE J., 32, 592 (1986a).
150. Floudas, C. A., Ciric, A. R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Automatic Synthesis of Optimum Heat Exchanger Network Configurations," AIChE J., 32, 276 (1986).
151. Galli, M. A. and Cerda, J., "A Customized MILP Approach to the Synthesis of Heat Recovery Networks Reaching Specified Topology Targets," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 2479 (1998).
152. Gundersen, T., Duvold, S. and Hashemi-Ahmady, A., "An Extended Vertical MILP Model for Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis," Suppl. Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, S97 (1996).
153. Gundersen, T. and Grossmann, I. E., "Improved Optimization Strategies for Automated Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis through Physical Insights," Comp. Chem. Eng., 14, 925 (1990).
154. Gundersen, T. and Naess, L., "The Synthesis of Cost Optimal Heat Exchanger Networks. An Industrial Review of the State of the Art," Comp. Chem. Eng., 12, 503 (1988).
155. Lang, Y. D., Biegler, L. T. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Optimization and Heat Integration with Process Simulators," Comp. Chem. Eng., 12, 311 (1988).
156. Linnhoff, B., "Pinch Analysis-A State of the Art Overview," Trans. Icheme., 71(A), 503 (1993).
157. Linnhoff, B., Mason, D. R. and Wardol, I., "Understanding Heat Exchanger Networks," Comp. Chem. Eng., 3, 295 (1979).
158. Linnhoff, B. and Hindmarsh, E., "The Pinch Design Method of Heat Exchanger Networks," Chem. Eng. Sci., 38, 745 (1983).
159. Nielsen, J. S., Hansen, M. W. and Joergensen, S., "Heat Exchanger Network Modelling Framework for Optimal Design and Retrofitting, Suppl.," Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, S249 (1996).
160. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "A Multiperiod MINLP Model for the Synthesis of Heat and Mass Exchange Networks," Comp. Chem. Eng., 18(12), 1125 (1994).
161. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "Synthesis and Retrofit Design of Operable Heat Exchanger Networks. 1. Flexibility and Structural Controllability Aspects," Comp. Chem. Eng., 33, 1718 (1994).
162. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "Synthesis and Retrofit Design of Operable Heat Exchanger Networks. 2. Dynamics and Control Structure Considerations," Comp. Chem. Eng., 33, 1738 (1994).
163. Papoulias, S. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Structural Optimization Approach in Process Synthesis. Part II: Heat Recovery Networks," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 7, 707 (1983).
164. Quesada, I. and Grossmann, I. E., "Global Optimization Algorithm for Heat Exchanger Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32, 487 (1993).
165. Yee, T. F. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Optimization Models for Heat Integration, II: Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis," Comput. chem. Engng., 14, 1165 (1990).
166. Yee, T. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Screening and Optimization Approach for the Optimal Retrofit of Heat Exchanger Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 30, 146 (1991).
167. Yee, T. F., Grossmann, I. E. and Kravanja, Z., "Simultaneous Optimization Models for Heat Integration. III. Optimization of Process Flowsheets and Heat Exchanger Networks," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 14, 1185 (1990).
168. Zamora, J. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Comprehensive Global Optimization Approach for the Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks with No Stream Splits," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 21, S65 (1997).
169. Zamora, J. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Global MINLP Optimization Algorithm for the Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks with No Stream Splits," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, 367 (1998).
170. Zhu, X. X., O'Neill, B. K., Roach, J. R. and Wood, R. M., "A New Method for the Synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks Using Area-targeting Approaches," Comp. Chem Eng., 19, 197 (1995).
171. Zhu, X. X., "Automated Design Method for Heat Exchanger Network Using Block Decomposition and Heuristic Rules," Comp. Chem. Eng., 21, 1095 (1997).
172. Alva-Argaez, A. A., Kokossis, C. and Smith, R., "Wastewater Minimization of Industrial Systems Using an Integrated Approach," Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, S5741 (1998).
173. Bagajewicz M. J. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Mass/Heat-Exchange Network Representation of Distillation Networks," AIChE J., 38(11), 1769 (1992).
174. Chang, C. and Hwang, J., "A Multiobjective Programming Approach to Waste Minimization in the Utility Systems of Chemical Processes,"
175. Dantus, M. M. and High, K. A., "Economic Evaluation for the Retrofit of Chemical Processes through Waste Minimization and Process Integration," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 4566 (1996).
176. Dunn, R. F., Zhu, M., Srinivas, B. K. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Optimal Design of Energy Induced Separation Networks for VOC Recovery," AIChE Symp. Ser., 90(303), 74 (1995).
177. Dye, S. R., Berry, D. A. and Ng, K. M., "Synthesis of Crystallization-Based Separation Schemes," AIChE Symp. Ser., 91 (304), 238 (1995).
178. El-Halwagi, M. M. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Automatic Synthesis of Mass Exchange Networks with Simple Component Targets," Chem. Eng. Sci., 45(9), 2813 (1990a).
179. El-Halwagi, M. M. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Design and Analysis of Mass Exchange Networks with Multicomponent Targets," Paper 137f. AIChE Meeting San Francisco (1989b).
180. El-Halwagi, M. M. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Simultaneous Synthesis of Mass-Exchange and Regeneration Networks," AIChE J., 36(8), 1209 (1990b).
181. El-Halwagi, M. M. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Synthesis of Mass Exchange Networks," AIChE J., 35(8), 1233 (1989a).
182. El-Halwagi, M. M., Srinivas, B. K. and Dunn, R. F., "Synthesis of Optimal Heat Induced Separation Networks," Chem. Eng. Sci., 50, 81 (1995).
183. El-Halwagi, M. M., Hamad, A. A. and Garrison, G. W., "Synthesis of Waste Interception and Allocation Networks," AIChE J., 42(11), 3087 (1996).
184. El-Halwagi, M. M., "Pollution Prevention through Process Integration," Academic Press, San Diego CA (1997).
185. El-Halwagi, M. M. and Srinivas, B. K., "Synthesis of Reactive Mass Exchange Networks," Chem. Eng. Sci., 47(8), 2113 (1992).
186. El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Optimal Reverse-Osmosis Networks for Waste Reduction," AIChE J., 38(8), 1185 (1992).
187. El-Halwagi, M. M., El-Halwagi, A. M. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Optimal Design of Dephenolization Networks for Petroleum-Refinery Wastes," Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 70, Part B, 131 (1992).
188. Galan, B. and Grossmann, I. E., "Optimal Design of Distributed Wastewater Treatment Networks," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37 (10), 4036 (1998).
189. Garrison, G. W., Cooley, B. L. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Mass Exchange Networks with Multiple Target Mass Separating Agents," Dev. Chem. Eng. Min. Proc., 3(1), 31 (1995).
190. Gupta, A. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Minimum Utility Cost of Mass Exchange Networks with Single Component Variable Supplies and Targets," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 32(7), 1937 (1993).
191. Gupta, A. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Variable Target Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Through Linear Programming," AIChE J., 42(2), 1326(1996).
192. Gupta, A. and Manousiouthakis, V., "Waste Reduction Through Multicomponent Mass Exchange Network Synthesis," Comput. Chem. Eng., 18, S585 (1994).
193. Huang, Y. L. and Edgar, T. F., "Knowledge Based Design Approach for the Simultaneous Minimization of Waste Generation and Energy Consumption in a Petroleum Refinery. Waste Minimization Through Process Design," Rossiter, A. P. ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 181 (1995).
194. Huang, Y. L. and Fan, L. T., "Intelligent Process Design and Control In-Plant Waste Minimization. Waste Minimization Through Process Design," Rossiter, A. P. ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 165 (1995).
195. Kuo, W. C. J. and Smith, R., "Effluent Treatment System Design," Chem. Eng. Sci., 52(23), 4273 (1997).
196. Lakshmanan, A. and Biegler, L. T., "Reactor Network Targeting for Waste Minimization," AIChE Symp. Ser., 90(303), 128 (1995).
197. Lee, S. and Park, S., "Synthesis of Mass Exchange Network Using Process Graph Theory," Comput. Chem. Eng., 20, S201 (1996).
198. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "A Multiperiod MINLP Model for the Synthesis of Heat and Mass Exchange Networks," Comp. Chem. Eng., 18(12), 1125 (1994).
199. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "A Process Synthesis Modeling Framework Based on Mass/Heat Transfer Module Hyperstructure," Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, S71 (1995).
200. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "Generalized Modular Representation Framework for Process Synthesis," AIChE J., 42(4), 1010 (1996).
201. Papalexandri, K. P., Pistikopoulos, E. N. and Floudas, C. A., "Mass Exchange Networks for Waste Minimization: A Simultaneous Approach," Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 72, Part A, 279 (1994).
202. Richburg, A. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "A Graphical Approach to the Optimal Design of Heat-Induced Separation Networks for VOC Recovery," AIChE Symp Ser., 91(304), 256 (1995).
203. Srinivas, B. K. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Optimal Design of Pervaporation Systems for Waste Reduction," Comp. Chem. Eng., 17(10), 957 (1993).
204. Srinivas, B. K. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Combined Heat Reactive Mass Exchange Networks," Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(13), 2059 (1994b).
205. Srinivas, B. K. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Reactive Mass Exchange Networks with General Nonlinear Equilibrium Functions," AIChE J., 49(3), 463 (1994a).
206. Wang, Y. P. and Smith, R., "Design of Distributed Effluent Treatment Systems," Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(18), 3127 (1994).
207. Wang, Y. P. and Smith, R., "Wastewater Minimization with Flowrate Constraints," Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 73, Part A, 889 (1995).
208. Wang, Y. P. and Smith, R., "Wastewater Minimization," Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(7), 981 (1994a).
209. Wilson, S. and Manousiothakis, V., "Minimum Utility Cost for a Multicomponent Mass Exchange Operation" Chem. Eng. Sci., 53(22), 3887 (1998).
210. Zhu, M. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Flexible Mass Exchange Networks," Chem. Eng. Commun., 138, 193 (1995).
211. Zhu, M. and El-Halwagi, M. M., "Synthesis of Flexible Separation Networks for Waste Management," AIChE Meeting, San Francisco (1994).
212. Bruno, J. C., Fernandez, F., Castells, F. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Rigorous MINL Model for the Optimal Synthesis and Operation of Utility Plants," Trans IChemE, 76A, 246 (1998).
213. Chang, C. T. and Hwang, J. R., "A Multiobjetive Programming Approach to Waste Minimization in the Utility Systems of Chemical Processes," Chem. Eng. Sci., 51, 3951 (1996).
214. Colmenares, T. R. and Seider, W. D., "Synthesis of Utility Systems Integrated with Chemical Processes," Ind. Chem. Eng. Res., 28, 84 (1989).
215. Diaz, M. S. and Bandoni, J. A., "A Mixed Integer Optimization Strategy for a Large Scale Chemical Plant in Operation" Comput. Chem. Eng., 20, 531 (1996).
216. Hui, C. W. and Natori, Y., "An Industrial Application Using Mixed-Integer Programming Technique: A Multirperiod Utility System Model," Comput. Chem. Eng., 20, s1577 (1996).
217. Iyer, R. R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Optimal Multi-period Operational Planning for Utility Systems," Comput. Chem. Eng., 21, 787 (1997).
218. Kaliventzeff, B., "Mixed-Integer Non Linear Programming and its Applications to the Management of Utility Networks," Eng. Opt., 18, 183 (1991).
219. Maia, L O. A. and Qassim, R. Y., "Synthesis of Utility Systems with Variable Demands Using Simulated Annealing," Comput. Chem. Eng., 21(9), 947 (1997).
220. Maia, L. O. A., Vidal de Carvalho, L. A. and Qassim, R. Y., "Synthesis of Utility Systems by Simulated Annealing," Comput. Chem. Eng., 19(4), 481 (1995).
221. Marechal, F. and Kaliventzeff, B., "Effect Modeling and Optimization, a New Methodology for Combining Energy and Environment Synthesis of Industrial Processes," Applied Thermal Engineering, 17(8-10), 981(1997b).
222. Marechal, F. and Kaliventzeff, B., "Heat a Power Integration a MILP Approach for Optimal Integration of Utility Systems," Proc. 22nd Symp. European Working Party of Use of Computers in Chemical Engineering," COPE'91, Barcelona (1991).
223. Marechal, F. and Kaliventzeff, B., "Identify the Optimal Pressure Levels in Steam Networks Using Integrated Combined Heat and Power Method," Chem. Eng. Sci., 52(17), 981 (1997a).
224. Marechal, F. and Kaliventzeff, B., "Process Integration: Selection of the Optimal Utility System," Comput. Chem. Eng., 22, s149 (1998).
225. Marechal, F. and Kaliventzeff, B., "Targeting the Minimum Cost of Energy Requirements: a New Graphical Technique for Evaluating the Integration of Utility Systems," Comput. Chem. Eng., s225 (1996).
226. Mavromatis, S. P. and Kokossis, A. C., "Conceptual Optimization of Utility Networks for Operational Variations. I: Targets and Level Optimization," Chem. Eng. Sci., 53(8), 1585 (1998a).
227. Mavromatis, S. P. and Kokossis, A. C., "Conceptual Optimization of Utility Networks for Operational Variations. II: Network Development and Optimization,"Chem. Eng. Sci., 53(8), 1609 (1998b).
228. Papoulias, S. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Structural Optimization Approach in Process Synthesis. I: Utility Systems," Comput. Chem. Eng., 7, 695 (1983).
229. Petroulas, T. and Reklaitis, G. V., "Computer Aided Synthesis and Design of Plant Utility Systems," AIChE J., 30, 69 (1984).
230. Wilkendorf, F., Espuña, A. and Puigjaner, L., "Minimization of the Annual Cost for Complete Utility Systems," Trans IChemE, 76A, 239 (1998).
231. Bandoni, J. A. and Diaz, M. S., "A Mixed Integer Optimization Strategy for a Large Scale Chemical Plant in Operation," Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, 531 (1996).
232. Bandoni, J. A., Diaz, M. S. and Brignole, E. A., "Automatic Design and Optimization of Natural Gas Plants," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2715 (1997).
233. Bieczczad, J., Koulouris, A., Geurts, K. and Stephanopoulos, G., "Model. LA. A Phenomena-Based Modeling Language for Process Systems Engineering"presented in 1998 AIChE Annual Meeting, Miami, FL.
234. Daichendt, M. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Preliminary Screening for the MINLP Synthesis of Process Systems I: Aggregation and Decomposition Techniques," Comput. Chem. Engng., 18, 663 (1994b).
235. Daichendt, M. M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Integration of Hierarchical Decomposition and Mathematical Programming for the Synthesis of Process Flowsheets," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, 147 (1998).
236. Diwekar, U. M., Grossmann, I. E. and Rubin, E. S., "MINLP Process Synthesizer for a Sequential Modular Simulator," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 31, 313 (1992a).
237. Diwekar, U. M., Frey, C. M. and Rubin, E. S., "Synthesizing Optimal Flowsheets. Application to IGCC System Environmental Control," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 31, 1927 (1992b).
238. Douglas, J. M., "A Hierarchical Decision Procedure for Process Synthesis," AIChE J., 31, 353 (1985).
239. Douglas, J. M., "Conceptual Design of Chemical Process," McGraw-Hill (1988).
240. Douglas, J. M., "Synthesis of Multistep Reaction Processes," In Foundations of Computer-Aided Design, Cache-Elsevier, Amsterdam (1990).
241. Duran, M .A. and Grossmann, I. E., "Simultaneous Optimization and Heat Integration of Chemical Processes," AIChE J., 32, 123 (1986).
242. Duran, M. A. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming Algorithm for Process Systems Synthesis," AIChE J., 32, 592 (1986b).
243. Fonyo, Z. and Mizsey, P., "A Global Approach to the Synthesis and Preliminary Design of Integrated Total Flowsheets," AIChE Annual Meeting, Chicago (1990).
244. Fraga, E. S., "The Automated Synthesis of Complex Reaction/ Separation Processes Using Dynamic Programming," Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 74A, 249 (1996).
245. Friedler, F., Tarjan, K., Huang, Y. W. and Fan, L. T., "Graph-theoretic Approach to Process Synthesis: Polynomial Algorithm for Maximal Structure Generation," Comp. Chem. Eng., 17, 929 (1993).
246. Friedler, F., Kovacs, Z. and Fan, L. T., "Parametric Study of Separation Network Synthesis: Extreme Properties of Optimal Structures," Suppl. Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, 107 (1995).
247. Friedler, F., Verga, J. B. and Fan, L. T., "Algorithmic Approach to the Integration of Total Flowsheet Synthesis and Wase Minimization," Chem. Eng. Sci., 50, 1218 (1995).
248. Gani, R., Hytoft, G., Jaksland, C. and Jensen A. K., "An Integrated Computer Aided System for Integrated Design of Chemical Processes," Comp. Chem. Eng., 21, 1135 (1997).
249. Grossmann, I. E., "Mixed-Integer Programming Approach for the Synthesis of Integrated Process Flowsheets," Comp. Chem. Eng., 9, 463 (1985).
250. Grossmann, I. E., "MINLP Optimization Strategies and Algorithms for Process Synthesis," In Foundations of Computer-Aided Design, Cache-Elsevier, Amsterdam (1990a).
251. Grossmann, I. E., "Mixed-integer Nonlinear Programming Techniques for the Synthesis of Engineering Systems," Res. Eng. Des., 1, 205 (1990b).
252. Grossmann, I. E., "Mixed-Integer Optimization Techniques for Algorithmic Process Synthesis," Advances in Chemical Engineering, 23, Process Synthesis, 171 (1996).
253. Grossmann, I. E. and Daichendt, M. M., "New Trends in Optimization-based Approaches for Process Synthesis," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 20, 665 (1996).
254. Grossmann, I. E., Yeomans, H. and Kravanja, Z., "A Rigorous Disjunctive Optimization Model for Simultaneous Flowsheet Optimization and Heat Integration," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, S157 (1998).
255. Harsh, M. G., Saderne, P. and Biegler, L. T., "Mixed Integer Flowsheet Optimization Strategy for Process Retrofits. The Debottlenecking Problem," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 13, 947 (1989).
256. Johns, W. D. and Romero, D., "Automated Generation and Evaluation of Process Flowsheets," Comp. Chem. Eng., 3, 251 (1979).
257. Kirkwood, R. L., Locke, M. H. and Douglas, J. M., "A Prototype Expert System for Synthesizing Chemical Process Flowsheets," Comp. Chem. Eng., 12, 329 (1988).
258. Kocis, G. R. and Grossmann, I. E., "Relaxation Strategy for the Structural Optimization of Process Flow Sheets," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 26, 1869 (1987).
259. Kocis, G. R. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Modeling and Decomposition Strategy for the MINLP Optimization of Process Flowsheets," Comput. Chem. Engng., 13, 797 (1989).
260. Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "PROSYN, An MINLP Process Synthesizer," Comput. Chem. Engng., 14, 1363 (1990).
261. Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "PROSYN-An Automated Topology and Parameter Process Synthesizer," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 17, S87 (1993).
262. Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "New Developments and Capabilities in PROSYN-An Automated Topology and Parameter Process Synthesizer," Computers Chem. Engng., 18, 1097 (1994).
263. Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Computational Approach for the Modelling/Decomposition Strategy in the MINLP Optimization of Process Flowsheets with Implicit Models," Ind. Eng. Chem. Research, 35, 2065 (1996).
264. Kravanja, Z. and Grossmann, I. E., "Multilevel-hierarchical MINLP Synthesis of Process Flowsheets," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 21, S421 (1997).
265. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "A Process Synthesis Modeling Framework Based on Mass/Heat Transfer Module Hyperstructure," Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, S71 (1995).
266. Papalexandri, K. P. and Pistikopoulos, E. N., "Generalized Modular Representation Framework of Process Synthesis," AIChE J., 42, 1010 (1996).
267. Reneaume, J. M., Joulia, X. and Koehret, B., "Development of a Process Synthesizer in a Modular Environment," Suppl. Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, S33 (1995).
268. Rippin, D. W. T., "Introduction: Approaches to Chemical Process Synthesis," in Foundations of Computer-Aided Design, Siirola, J. J., Grossmann, I. E. and Stephanopoulos, G. (Eds.) CacheElsevier, Amsterdam (1990).
269. Schembecker, G., Simmrock, K. H. and Wolff, A., "Synthesis of Chemical Process Flowsheets by Means of Cooperating Knowledge Integrating Systems," Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series," 133 (1994).
270. Siirola, J. J. and Rudd, D. F., "Computer-Aided Synthesis of Chemical Process Designs," Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 10, 353 (1971).
271. Smith, E. M., "On the Optimal Design of Continuos Processes," PhD. Dissertation. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London U.K. (1996).
272. Smith, E. M. B. and Pantelides, C. C., "Design of Reaction/Separation Networks using Detailed Models," Suppl. Comp. Chem. Eng., 19, S83 (1995).
273. Stephanopoulos, G. and Westerberg, A. W., "Studies in Process Synthesis. II. Evolutionary Synthesis of Optimal Process Flowsheets," Chem. Eng. Sci., 31, 195 (1976).
274. Turkay, M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Logic-Based MINLP Algorithms for the Optimal Synthesis of Process Networks," Comp. Chem. Eng., 20, 959 (1996a).
275. Turkay, M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Disjunctive Optimization Techniques for the Optimization of Process Systems with Discontinuous Investment Costs. Multiple Size Regions," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35, 2611 (1996b).
276. Turkay, M. and Grossmann, I. E., "Structural Flowsheet Optimization with Complex Investment Cost Functions," Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, 673 (1998).
277. Yeomans, H. and Grossmann, I. E., "A Systematic Modeling Framework of Superstructure Optimization in Process Synthesis," accepted for publication (1998).