The economic necessity of an increased subscriber line charge (SLC) in telecommunications

Administrative Law Review

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 227-

  Parsons, Steve G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0347878272     PISSN: 00018368     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. This term is commonly used in telecommunications, in contrast to the economic term "fixed." See, e.g., Alfred E. Kahn, The Road to More Intelligent Telephone Pricing, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 139, 140 (1984). A more accurate term is "volume insensitive cost" as distinct from costs that vary with volume or traffic.
2. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
3. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
4. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
5. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
6. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
7. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
8. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
9. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
10. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
11. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.
12. The allocation occurs through an arcane system of separations and settlements. See generally. In re NYNEX Transition Plan to Preserve Universal Service in a Competitive Environment, Petition for Waiver Before the Federal Communications Commission (Dec. 15, 1993) (Exhibit 7) [hereinafter NYNEX Transition Plan] (on file with author); ROBERT W. CRANDALL, AFTER THE BREAKUP: U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ERA 24-27 (1991); PETER TEMIN, THE FALL OF THE BELL SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRICES AND POLITICS 19-27 (1987); BRIDGER M. MITCHELL & INGO VOGELSANG, TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICING THEORY AND PRACTICE 213 (1991); JOHN T. WENDERS, THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND POLICY 2-5 (1987); Kahn, supra note 1, at 141-42; David L. Kaserman et al., Cross-Subsidization in Telecommunications: Beyond the Universal Service Fairy Tale, 2 J. OF REG. ECON. 231 (1990); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Winning By Losing: The AT&T Settlement and Its Impact on Telecommunications, 1 YALE J. ON REG. 1, 2-9 (1983); Paul W. MacAvoy & Kenneth Robinson, Losing By Judicial Policymaking: The First Year of the AT&T Divestiture, 2 YALE J. ON REG. 225, 228-30 (1985); Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Cross-Subsidization in the Telephone Network, 21 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 144 (1985) [hereinafter Temin & Peters, Cross-Subsidization]; Peter Temin & Geoffrey Peters, Is History Stranger than Theory? The Origin of Telephone Separations, 75 ECON. HIST.