메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 22-42

Representative bureaucracy: Examining the Linkage between Passive and Active Representation in the Farmers Home Administration

(1)  Selden, Sally Coleman a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0347840119     PISSN: 02750740     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/027507409702700103     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 85033147193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural Credit, 28 U.S.C. § 1921 (1958)
    • Agricultural Credit, 28 U.S.C. § 1921 (1958).
  • 2
    • 0346746099 scopus 로고
    • 1993 voting record
    • Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). (1993). 1993 voting record. ADA today, 49, 1-11.
    • (1993) ADA Today , vol.49 , pp. 1-11
  • 3
    • 0001799494 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
    • Baldwin, S. (1968). Poverty and politics. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
    • (1968) Poverty and Politics
    • Baldwin, S.1
  • 6
    • 0346746094 scopus 로고
    • Opening the book on lending discrimination
    • Brown, J. (1992). Opening the book on lending discrimination. Multinational Monitor, 13, 8-14.
    • (1992) Multinational Monitor , vol.13 , pp. 8-14
    • Brown, J.1
  • 7
    • 0001899067 scopus 로고
    • Residential lending to low-income and minority females: Evidence from the 1992 HMDA data
    • Canner, G. B., Passmore, W., & Smith, D. (1994). Residential lending to low-income and minority females: Evidence from the 1992 HMDA data. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 80, 79-108.
    • (1994) Federal Reserve Bulletin , vol.80 , pp. 79-108
    • Canner, G.B.1    Passmore, W.2    Smith, D.3
  • 8
    • 0000299661 scopus 로고
    • Minorities and women in state and local government: 1973-1975
    • Cayer, N. J., & Sigelman, L. (1980). Minorities and women in state and local government: 1973-1975. Public Administration Review, 40, 443-450.
    • (1980) Public Administration Review , vol.40 , pp. 443-450
    • Cayer, N.J.1    Sigelman, L.2
  • 10
    • 84937302449 scopus 로고
    • Women and minorities in federal government agencies: Examining evidence from panel data
    • Cornwell, C., & Kellough, J. E. (1994). Women and minorities in federal government agencies: Examining evidence from panel data. Public Administration Review, 54, 265-270.
    • (1994) Public Administration Review , vol.54 , pp. 265-270
    • Cornwell, C.1    Kellough, J.E.2
  • 11
    • 0348006835 scopus 로고
    • Accessibility to housing: Differential residential segregation for Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asians
    • J. A. Momeni (Ed.), Wesport, CT: Greenwood
    • Darden, J. T. (1986). Accessibility to housing: Differential residential segregation for Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Asians. In J. A. Momeni (Ed.), Race, ethnicity, and minority housing in the United States. Wesport, CT: Greenwood.
    • (1986) Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Housing in the United States
    • Darden, J.T.1
  • 12
    • 0346746088 scopus 로고
    • Farms without farmers
    • Davidson, O. (1987). Farms without farmers. The Progressive, 51, 25-27.
    • (1987) The Progressive , vol.51 , pp. 25-27
    • Davidson, O.1
  • 14
    • 84935725821 scopus 로고
    • Minorities and women among state agency leaders
    • Dometrius, N. C. (1984). Minorities and women among state agency leaders. Social Science Quarterly, 65, 127-137.
    • (1984) Social Science Quarterly , vol.65 , pp. 127-137
    • Dometrius, N.C.1
  • 16
    • 84925930636 scopus 로고
    • Political power and city jobs: Determinants of minority employment
    • Dye, T., & Renick, J. (1981). Political power and city jobs: Determinants of minority employment. Social Science Quarterly, 62, 475-486.
    • (1981) Social Science Quarterly , vol.62 , pp. 475-486
    • Dye, T.1    Renick, J.2
  • 17
    • 84974185394 scopus 로고
    • Black employment in municipal jobs: The impact of Black political power
    • Eisinger, P. K. (1982). Black employment in municipal jobs: The impact of Black political power. American Political Science Review, 76, 380-392.
    • (1982) American Political Science Review , vol.76 , pp. 380-392
    • Eisinger, P.K.1
  • 18
    • 84925893960 scopus 로고
    • Foreign service elitism and U.S. foreign affairs
    • Garham, D. (1975). Foreign service elitism and U.S. foreign affairs. Public Administration Review, 35, 44-51.
    • (1975) Public Administration Review , vol.35 , pp. 44-51
    • Garham, D.1
  • 19
    • 84925894810 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the federal employment of Blacks
    • Gibson, F. K., & Yeager, S. (1975). Trends in the federal employment of Blacks. Public-Personnel Management, 4, 189-195.
    • (1975) Public-Personnel Management , vol.4 , pp. 189-195
    • Gibson, F.K.1    Yeager, S.2
  • 20
    • 0348006838 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Good, P. (1968). Cycle to nowhere. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1968) Cycle to Nowhere
    • Good, P.1
  • 21
    • 0002515258 scopus 로고
    • Racial and ethnic integration in the federal service
    • Grabosky, P. N., & Rosenbloom, D. H. (1975). Racial and ethnic integration in the federal service. Social Science Quarterly, 56, 71-84.
    • (1975) Social Science Quarterly , vol.56 , pp. 71-84
    • Grabosky, P.N.1    Rosenbloom, D.H.2
  • 22
    • 84972764360 scopus 로고
    • Experience of Black farmers home administration local office chiefs
    • Hadwiger, D. F. (1973). Experience of Black farmers home administration local office chiefs. Public Personnel Management, 2, 49-54.
    • (1973) Public Personnel Management , vol.2 , pp. 49-54
    • Hadwiger, D.F.1
  • 23
    • 84925904909 scopus 로고
    • Equal employment opportunity for minorities in municipal government
    • Hall, G., & Saltzstein, A. (1977). Equal employment opportunity for minorities in municipal government. Social Science Quarterly, 57, 864-872.
    • (1977) Social Science Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 864-872
    • Hall, G.1    Saltzstein, A.2
  • 24
    • 0009226136 scopus 로고
    • Equal employment opportunity in the federal government: A comparative analysis
    • Hellriegel, D., & Short, L. (1972). Equal employment opportunity in the federal government: A comparative analysis. Public Administration Review, 32, 851-867.
    • (1972) Public Administration Review , vol.32 , pp. 851-867
    • Hellriegel, D.1    Short, L.2
  • 26
    • 0001090460 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: Further evidence of active representation in the EEOC district offices
    • Hindera, J. J. (1993a). Representative bureaucracy: Further evidence of active representation in the EEOC district offices. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3, 415-429.
    • (1993) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.3 , pp. 415-429
    • Hindera, J.J.1
  • 27
    • 0013558234 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: Imprimis evidence of active representation in the EEOC district offices
    • Hindera, J. J. (1993b). Representative bureaucracy: Imprimis evidence of active representation in the EEOC district offices. Social Science Quarterly, 74, 95-108.
    • (1993) Social Science Quarterly , vol.74 , pp. 95-108
    • Hindera, J.J.1
  • 28
    • 85033138853 scopus 로고
    • Taking it all
    • July 31
    • Hornblower, M. (1995, July 31). Taking it all. Time, 146, pp. 34-35.
    • (1995) Time , vol.146 , pp. 34-35
    • Hornblower, M.1
  • 29
    • 85033137941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Housing Act of 1949, 42 U.S.C. § 502-504 (1964)
    • Housing Act of 1949, 42 U.S.C. § 502-504 (1964).
  • 31
    • 0026283748 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood development and local credit markets
    • Hula, R. C. (1991). Neighborhood development and local credit markets. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 27, 249-267.
    • (1991) Urban Affairs Quarterly , vol.27 , pp. 249-267
    • Hula, R.C.1
  • 32
    • 84929067271 scopus 로고
    • The "success" image of Asian Americans: Its validity, and its practical and theoretical implications
    • Huth, W. M., & Kim, K. C. (1989). The "success" image of Asian Americans: Its validity, and its practical and theoretical implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 12, 512-538.
    • (1989) Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol.12 , pp. 512-538
    • Huth, W.M.1    Kim, K.C.2
  • 33
    • 0008178547 scopus 로고
    • Federal agricultural policies: Do Black farm operators benefit?
    • Jones, H. S. (1994). Federal agricultural policies: Do Black farm operators benefit? The Review of Black Political Economy, 22, 25-50.
    • (1994) The Review of Black Political Economy , vol.22 , pp. 25-50
    • Jones, H.S.1
  • 34
    • 84930560154 scopus 로고
    • Integration in the public workplace: Determinants of minority and female employment in federal agencies
    • Kellough, J. E. (1990). Integration in the public workplace: Determinants of minority and female employment in federal agencies. Public Administration Review, 50, 557-566.
    • (1990) Public Administration Review , vol.50 , pp. 557-566
    • Kellough, J.E.1
  • 35
    • 0001980222 scopus 로고
    • Demographic and organizational influences on racial/ethnic and gender integration in federal agencies
    • Kellough, J. E., & Elliott, E. (1992). Demographic and organizational influences on racial/ethnic and gender integration in federal agencies. Social Science Quarterly, 73, 1-11.
    • (1992) Social Science Quarterly , vol.73 , pp. 1-11
    • Kellough, J.E.1    Elliott, E.2
  • 36
    • 0003151116 scopus 로고
    • Racial integration in the American federal government: With special reference to Asian-Americans
    • Kim, P. S. (1993). Racial integration in the American federal government: With special reference to Asian-Americans. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 8, 52-66.
    • (1993) Review of Public Personnel Administration , vol.8 , pp. 52-66
    • Kim, P.S.1
  • 39
    • 84904844102 scopus 로고
    • Progress toward racial and sexual equity in the federal civil service?
    • Lewis, G. B. (1988). Progress toward racial and sexual equity in the federal civil service? Public Administration Review, 48, 700-706.
    • (1988) Public Administration Review , vol.48 , pp. 700-706
    • Lewis, G.B.1
  • 40
    • 0346115519 scopus 로고
    • The disappearing Black farmer
    • June
    • Martin, T. (1985, June). The disappearing Black farmer. Ebony, 40, 145-150.
    • (1985) Ebony , vol.40 , pp. 145-150
    • Martin, T.1
  • 41
    • 84938048150 scopus 로고
    • Effects of socioeconomic factors on residential segregation of Blacks and Spanish Americans in U.S. urbanized areas
    • Massey, D. S. (1979). Effects of socioeconomic factors on residential segregation of Blacks and Spanish Americans in U.S. urbanized areas. American Sociological Review, 44, 1015-1022.
    • (1979) American Sociological Review , vol.44 , pp. 1015-1022
    • Massey, D.S.1
  • 42
    • 84971745865 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: An empirical analysis
    • Meier, K. J. (1975). Representative bureaucracy: An empirical analysis. American Political Science Review, 69, 526-542.
    • (1975) American Political Science Review , vol.69 , pp. 526-542
    • Meier, K.J.1
  • 43
    • 0001669547 scopus 로고
    • Latinos and representative bureaucracy: Testing the Thompson and Henderson hypotheses
    • Meier, K. J. (1993a). Latinos and representative bureaucracy: Testing the Thompson and Henderson hypotheses. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 3, 393-414.
    • (1993) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , vol.3 , pp. 393-414
    • Meier, K.J.1
  • 44
    • 0003312874 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: A theoretical and empirical exposition
    • Meier, K. J. (1993b). Representative bureaucracy: A theoretical and empirical exposition. Research in Public Administration, 2, 1-35.
    • (1993) Research in Public Administration , vol.2 , pp. 1-35
    • Meier, K.J.1
  • 45
    • 0000799917 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy and policy references: A study in the attitudes of federal executives
    • Meier, K. J., & Nigro, L. (1976). Representative bureaucracy and policy references: A study in the attitudes of federal executives. Public Administration Review, 36, 458-469.
    • (1976) Public Administration Review , vol.36 , pp. 458-469
    • Meier, K.J.1    Nigro, L.2
  • 46
    • 84977059632 scopus 로고
    • The impact of representative bureaucracies: Educational systems and public policies
    • Meier, K. J., & Stewart, J., Jr. (1992). The impact of representative bureaucracies: Educational systems and public policies. American Review of Public Administration, 22, 157-171.
    • (1992) American Review of Public Administration , vol.22 , pp. 157-171
    • Meier, K.J.1    Stewart J., Jr.2
  • 47
    • 84928846391 scopus 로고
    • Barriers to Hispanic employment success in 1,200 cities
    • Mladenka, K. R. (1989a). Barriers to Hispanic employment success in 1,200 cities. Social Science Quarterly, 70, 391-407.
    • (1989) Social Science Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 391-407
    • Mladenka, K.R.1
  • 48
    • 84971736983 scopus 로고
    • Blacks and Hispanics in urban politics
    • Mladenka, K. R. (1989b). Blacks and Hispanics in urban politics. American Political Science Review, 83, 165-191.
    • (1989) American Political Science Review , vol.83 , pp. 165-191
    • Mladenka, K.R.1
  • 49
    • 0026281485 scopus 로고
    • Public employee unions, reformism, and Black employment in 1,200 American cities
    • Mladenka, K. R. (1991). Public employee unions, reformism, and Black employment in 1,200 American cities. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 26, 532-548.
    • (1991) Urban Affairs Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 532-548
    • Mladenka, K.R.1
  • 50
    • 0039404423 scopus 로고
    • The housing conditions of Black female-headed households: A comparative analysis
    • J. A. Momeni (Ed.), Westport, CT: Greenwood
    • Momeni, J. A. (1986). The housing conditions of Black female-headed households: A comparative analysis. In J. A. Momeni (Ed.), Race, ethnicity, and minority housing in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
    • (1986) Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Housing in the United States
    • Momeni, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 0002516389 scopus 로고
    • Measuring bureaucratic representation and integration
    • Nachmias, D., & Rosenbloom, D. H. (1973). Measuring bureaucratic representation and integration. Public Administration Review, 33, 590-597.
    • (1973) Public Administration Review , vol.33 , pp. 590-597
    • Nachmias, D.1    Rosenbloom, D.H.2
  • 55
  • 59
    • 84937306305 scopus 로고
    • African-Americans in executive branch agencies
    • Page, P. (1994). African-Americans in executive branch agencies. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 14, 25-50.
    • (1994) Review of Public Personnel Administration , vol.14 , pp. 25-50
    • Page, P.1
  • 61
    • 84982061813 scopus 로고
    • Female and minority employment in city government: The role of unions
    • Riccucci, N. M. (1986). Female and minority employment in city government: The role of unions. Policy Studies Journal, 15, 3-15.
    • (1986) Policy Studies Journal , vol.15 , pp. 3-15
    • Riccucci, N.M.1
  • 63
    • 0346115511 scopus 로고
    • The impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 on Black employment in the federal service: A preliminary analysis
    • Rose, W. H., & Chia, T. P. (1978). The impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 on Black employment in the federal service: A preliminary analysis. Public Administration Review, 38, 245-251.
    • (1978) Public Administration Review , vol.38 , pp. 245-251
    • Rose, W.H.1    Chia, T.P.2
  • 64
    • 84925904541 scopus 로고
    • Passive and active representation in the federal service: A comparison of Blacks and Whites
    • Rosenbloom, D. H., & Featherstonhaugh, J. G. (1977). Passive and active representation in the federal service: A comparison of Blacks and Whites. Social Science Quarterly, 57, 873-882.
    • (1977) Social Science Quarterly , vol.57 , pp. 873-882
    • Rosenbloom, D.H.1    Featherstonhaugh, J.G.2
  • 65
    • 84970473533 scopus 로고
    • Bureaucratic representation and bureaucratic behavior: An exploratory analysis
    • Rosenbloom, D. H., & Kinnard, D. (1977). Bureaucratic representation and bureaucratic behavior: An exploratory analysis. Midwest Review of Public Administration, 11, 35-42.
    • (1977) Midwest Review of Public Administration , vol.11 , pp. 35-42
    • Rosenbloom, D.H.1    Kinnard, D.2
  • 68
    • 84965538043 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: A research note on demographic representation in state bureaucracies
    • Smith, R. (1980). Representative bureaucracy: A research note on demographic representation in state bureaucracies. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1, 1-14.
    • (1980) Review of Public Personnel Administration , vol.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Smith, R.1
  • 69
    • 84937295805 scopus 로고
    • Does anybody who works here look like me: Mortgage lending, race, and lender employment
    • Squires, G. D., & Kim, S. (1995). Does anybody who works here look like me: Mortgage lending, race, and lender employment. Social Science Quarterly, 76, 823-838.
    • (1995) Social Science Quarterly , vol.76 , pp. 823-838
    • Squires, G.D.1    Kim, S.2
  • 70
    • 84974379622 scopus 로고
    • Representative local government: Minorities in the municipal work force
    • Stein, L. (1986). Representative local government: Minorities in the municipal work force. Journal of Politics, 48, 694-713.
    • (1986) Journal of Politics , vol.48 , pp. 694-713
    • Stein, L.1
  • 71
    • 84971157140 scopus 로고
    • Representative bureaucracy: A reassessment
    • Subramanian, V. (1967). Representative bureaucracy: A reassessment. American Political Science Review, 61, 1010-1019.
    • (1967) American Political Science Review , vol.61 , pp. 1010-1019
    • Subramanian, V.1
  • 72
    • 0346746082 scopus 로고
    • Racial/cultural identity development among Asian-Americans: Counseling/therapy implications
    • Sue, D. W. (1989). Racial/cultural identity development among Asian-Americans: Counseling/therapy implications. AAPA Journal, 13, 80-86.
    • (1989) AAPA Journal , vol.13 , pp. 80-86
    • Sue, D.W.1
  • 73
    • 35649015753 scopus 로고
    • Asian-American mental health and help-seeking behavior
    • Sue, D. W. (1994). Asian-American mental health and help-seeking behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 292-295.
    • (1994) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 292-295
    • Sue, D.W.1
  • 74
    • 84965853589 scopus 로고
    • Minority groups in public bureaucracies: Are passive and active representation linked?
    • Thompson, F. J. (1976). Minority groups in public bureaucracies: Are passive and active representation linked? Administration and Society, 8, 201-226.
    • (1976) Administration and Society , vol.8 , pp. 201-226
    • Thompson, F.J.1
  • 75
    • 84925915785 scopus 로고
    • Civil servants and the deprived: Socio-Political and occupational explanations of attitudes toward minority
    • Thompson, F. J. (1978). Civil servants and the deprived: Socio-Political and occupational explanations of attitudes toward minority. American Journal of Political Science, 22, 325-347.
    • (1978) American Journal of Political Science , vol.22 , pp. 325-347
    • Thompson, F.J.1
  • 76
    • 0347376505 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Commission on Civil Rights. (1965). Equal opportunity in farm programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1965) Equal Opportunity in Farm Programs
  • 77
    • 0010088916 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Commission on Civil Rights. (1979). The federal fair housing enforcement effort. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1979) The Federal Fair Housing Enforcement Effort
  • 78
    • 0003608353 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Commission on Civil Rights. (1980). Success of Asian Americans: Fact or fiction? Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1980) Success of Asian Americans: Fact or Fiction?
  • 79
    • 0037926218 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Commission on Civil Rights. (1982). The Decline of Black farming in America. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1982) The Decline of Black Farming in America
  • 80
    • 85033137739 scopus 로고
    • (Program Aid No. 973). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers Home Administration (USDAFmHA). (1990). This Is FmHA (Program Aid No. 973). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1990) This Is FmHA
  • 81
    • 85033132552 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers Home Administration (USDAFmHA). (1993a). Application assistance guide for rural housing loan request. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1993) Application Assistance Guide for Rural Housing Loan Request
  • 82
    • 85033146539 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers Home Administration (USDAFmHA). (1993b). Credit history work sheet. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1993) Credit History Work Sheet
  • 83
    • 85033140736 scopus 로고
    • (Program Aid No. 1501). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • United States Department of Agriculture, Farmers Home Administration (USDAFmHA). (1993c). Guaranteed rural housing loans (Program Aid No. 1501). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1993) Guaranteed Rural Housing Loans
  • 86
    • 85033142399 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
    • United States government manual. (1993/1994). Washington, DC: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration.
    • (1993) United States Government Manual


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.