Problems associated with the thin-film Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a novel structure with improved durability

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Volumn 46, Issue 2-3, 1998, Pages 104-113

  Suzuki, Hiroaki ^a   Hiratsuka, Atsunori ^b   Sasaki, Satoshi ^b   Karube, Isao ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ag AgCl reference electrode; Durability; Photolithography; Polyimide; Thin film

Indexed keywords

DURABILITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES; PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; POLYIMIDES; SEMICONDUCTING SILVER COMPOUNDS; THIN FILM DEVICES;

SILVER CHLORIDE;

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS;

EID: 0347806276     PISSN: 09254005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00043-4     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. L.J. Bousse, P. Bergveld, H.J.M. Geeraedts, Properties of Ag/ AgCl electrodes fabricated with IC-compatible technologies, Sensors and Actuators 9 (1986) 179-197.
2. S. Yee, H. Jin, L.K.C. Lam, Miniature liquid junction reference electrode with micromachined silicon cavity, Sensors and Actuators 15 (1988) 337-345.
3. A. van den Berg, A. Grisel, H.H. van den Vlekkert, N.F. de Rooij, A micro-volume open liquid-junction reference electrode for pH-ISFETs, Sensors and Actuators B 1 (1990) 425-432.
4. F. Lisdat, W. Moritz, A reference element based on a solid-state structure, Sensors and Actuators B 15/16 (1993) 228-232.
5. W. Pötter, C. Dumschat, K. Cammann, Miniaturized reference electrode based on a perchlorate-selective field effect transistor, Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 4586-4588.
6. M. Koudelka, Performance characteristics of a planar 'Clark-type' oxygen sensor, Sensors and Actuators 9 (1986) 249-258.
7. G. Gernet, M. Koudelka, N.F. de Rooij, Fabrication and characterization of a planar electrochemical cell and its application as a glucose sensor, Sensors and Actuators 18 (1989) 59-70.
8. H. Suzuki, A. Sugama, N. Kojima, Micromachined Clark oxygen electrode, Sensors and Actuators B 10 (1993) 91-98.
9. S.P. Kounaves, W. Deng, P.R. Hallock, G.T.A. Kovacs, C.W. Storment, Indium-based ultramicroelectrode array fabricated by microlithography, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 418-423.
10. P.J. Kinlen, J.E. Heider, D.E. Hubbard, A solid-state pH sensor based on a Nafion-coated iridium oxide indicator electrode and a polymer-based silver chloride reference electrode, Sensors and Actuators B 22 (1994) 13-25.
11. C.D.T. Bratten, P.H. Cobbold, J.M. Cooper, Micromachining sensors for electrochemical measurement in subnanoliter volumes, Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 253-258.
12. P.A. Comte, J. Janata, A field effect transistor as a solid-state reference electrode, Anal. Chim. Acta 101 (1978) 247-252.
13. R.L. Smith, D.C. Scott, An integrated sensor for electrochemical measurements, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 33 (1986) 83-90.
14. D.J.G. Ives, G.J. Janz, Reference Electrodes, Academic Press, New York, 1961, pp. 1-70.
15. J. Janata, Principles of Chemical Sensors, Plenum Press, New York, 1989, pp. 102-107.
16. D.J.G. Ives, G.J. Janz, Reference Electrodes, Academic Press, New York, 1961, pp. 179-230.
17. S. Ito, H. Hachiya, K. Baba, Y. Asano, H. Wada, Improvement of the silver/silver chloride reference electrode and its application to pH measurement, Talanta 42 (1995) 1685-1690.
18. 2 and pH, Proc. μTAS '94 Workshop, Twente, Holland, 1994, pp. 191-194.
19. F. Moussy, D.J. Harrison, Prevention of the rapid degradation of subcutaneously implanted Ag/AgCl reference electrodes using polymer coatings, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 674-679.
20. M.A. Nolan, S.H. Tan, S.P. Kounaves, Fabrication and characterization of a solid state reference electrode for electroanalysis of natural waters with ultramicroelectrodes, Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 1244-1247.
21. Y. Murakami, T. Takeuchi, K. Yokoyama, E. Tamiya, I. Karube, M. Suda, Integration of enzyme-immobilized column with electrochemical flow cell using micromachining techniques for a glucose detection system, Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 2731-2735.
22. C. Weaver, R.M. Hill, Intermetallic reactions and ageing effects in thin films, Adv. Phys. 8 (1959) 375-437.
23. R.B. Belser, Alloying behavior of thin bimetal films, simultaneously or successively deposited, J. Appl. Phys. 31 (1960) 562-570.
24. D.R. Lide, H.P.R. Frederikse (Eds.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1995, pp. 8-21, 8-58.
25. C.S. Cha, M.J. Shao, C.C. Liu, Problems associated with the miniaturization of a voltammetric oxygen sensor: chemical crosstalk among electrodes, Sensors and Actuators B 2 (1990) 239-242.