The Socio-Religious Origins of Brazil's Landless Rural Workers Movement

Monthly Review

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 32-40

  Löwy, Michael ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347785154     PISSN: 00270520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14452/MR-053-02-2001-06_4     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. E. Hobsbawm, Primitive Rebels. Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th and 20th Centuries, (New York: Norton Library, 1959), 3, 67, 119.
2. Primitive Rebels, 98-101.
3. Primitive Rebels, 101-05.
4. For the MST, see the articles by Maurice Lemoine and Philippe Revelli in Le Monde Diplomatique. For the general context of the new peasant movements in Latin America, readers can consult James Petras' interesting work, La izquierda vuelve el golpe, (Rosario, Argentina:, Ed. Homo Sapiens, 1997).
5. For the MST, see the articles by Maurice Lemoine and Philippe Revelli in Le Monde Diplomatique. For the general context of the new peasant movements in Latin America, readers can consult James Petras' interesting work, La izquierda vuelve el golpe, (Rosario, Argentina:, Ed. Homo Sapiens, 1997).
6. I understand by this term the vast social movement, including lay ministries and the CEBs [ecclesiastical base communities], which since the beginning of the 1960s has mobilized millions of Christians in all of Latin America on the side of grassroots struggles - a movement of which liberation theology, which made its appearance during the 1970s, is the spiritual expression. For more detailed information, I refer readers to my own work, The War of the Gods: Religion and Politics in Latin America (London: Verso, 1996).
7. Los Obispos Latinoamericanos enter Medellin y Puebla, (San Salvador: Universidad Centroamericana, 1978), 71.
8. Max Weber, Wirtschaftsgeschichte, (Munich: Dunker & Humbolt, 1923), 305.
9. The Brazilian researcher Luis Inacio Germany Gaiger feels that the CPTs lay workers have played the role of "organic intellectuals" (in the Gramscian sense) in the peasant movement in the beginning - cf. Agentes religiosos e camponeses sem terra no sul du Brasil, (Petropolis: Vozes, 1987), 58-60. The bishops who have been the most active in supporting the CPT are Mgr. Moacir Grechi, president of the CPT, Mgr. Pedro Casaldaliga, bishop of Sao Felix do Araguaia, and Mgr. Tomas Balduino, bishop of Goias. Cf. Pe. Jose Oscar Beozzo, A Igreja do Brasil, (Petropolis: Vozes, 1994), 129-30.
10. The Brazilian researcher Luis Inacio Germany Gaiger feels that the CPTs lay workers have played the role of "organic intellectuals" (in the Gramscian sense) in the peasant movement in the beginning - cf. Agentes religiosos e camponeses sem terra no sul du Brasil, (Petropolis: Vozes, 1987), 58-60. The bishops who have been the most active in supporting the CPT are Mgr. Moacir Grechi, president of the CPT, Mgr. Pedro Casaldaliga, bishop of Sao Felix do Araguaia, and Mgr. Tomas Balduino, bishop of Goias. Cf. Pe. Jose Oscar Beozzo, A Igreja do Brasil, (Petropolis: Vozes, 1994), 129-30.
11. Cf. Scott Mainwaring, The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil 1916-1985, (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1986), 178-81, and L. I. G. Gaiger, Agentes religiosos., 34.
12. Cf. Scott Mainwaring, The Catholic Church and Politics in Brazil 1916-1985, (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1986), 178-81, and L. I. G. Gaiger, Agentes religiosos., 34.
13. See, for example, the book by the Bible scholar and Benedictine Marcelo de Barros Souza, published by the CPT, A Biblia e a luta pela terra, (Petropolis, Vozes/CPT, 1983).
14. Frei Sergio Antonio Gorgen, Os cristaos e a questao da terra, (S. Paulo: Editora FTD, 1987), 67-68.
15. Interview with S. Gorgen, June 5, 1999.
16. Addendum in S. Gorgen, Os cristaos e a questao da terra, 76.
17. Interview with S. Gorgen, June 5, 1999.
18. Primitive Rebels, 106-07. Once again, we are not far from the moral universe of the Brazilian MST.
19. Cf. Frei Sergio Gorgen, "Religiosidade e fe na luta pela terra," in Joao Pedro Stedile (ed.). A Reforma Agraria e a Luta do MST, (Petropolis: Vozes, 1997), 285-291.
20. Joao Pedro Stedile, "A luta pela reforma agraria e o MST," A Reforma Agraria e a Luta da MST, 105.