The prohibition of hostile military activities in protected areas

Environmental Policy and Law

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 373-375

  Burhenne, Wolfgang E ^a  

^a Ger Interparliamentary Working Ctr

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347753581     PISSN: 0378777X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/epl-1997-27430     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. First codified in the 1868 St. Petersburg Declaration, 1 AJIL Suppl.95-96 (1907)
2. For a survey of existing rules see R. Tarasofsky, "Legal Protection of the Environment During International Armed Conflict", Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, Vol. XXIV, pp. 17-79 (1993)
3. 246 UNTS 240 (1954)
4. Vol. IV, International Environmental Law - Multilateral Treaties 972:86 (1972)
5. ICRC Doc. DDM/JUR 93/18 - CPS 10, Vol. IV International Environmental Law - Multilateral Treaties 977:43 (1977)
6. See in general M. Bothe, K. Partsch and W. Solf, New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts (1982)
7. Article 35, para. 3 and Art. 55
8. See, e.g., A. Kiss, "Les Protocols additionnels aux Conventions de Geneve de 1977 et la protections de la biens de l'environnement", in: Swinarski, ed., Studies and Essays on International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles in Honour of J. Pictet (1984), pp. 185-190 and M. Bothe, "War and the Environment", in R. Bernhardt, ed., Encyclopedia of Public International Law; Vol. 4, pp. 290-292 (1982)
9. See, e.g., A. Kiss, "Les Protocols additionnels aux Conventions de Geneve de 1977 et la protections de la biens de l'environnement", in: Swinarski, ed., Studies and Essays on International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles in Honour of J. Pictet (1984), pp. 185-190 and M. Bothe, "War and the Environment", in R. Bernhardt, ed., Encyclopedia of Public International Law; Vol. 4, pp. 290-292 (1982)
10. Vol. IV, International Environmental Law - Multilateral Treaties 977:37 (1976)
11. Article I(1)
12. Article II
13. E.g., UN Res. 47/37, UN Doc. A/47/91
14. See, e.g., UN Doc. A/C.6/46/SR.18-20 and 43
15. UN Doc. A/Conf. 151/26, Vol. I
16. Paragraph 39.6.a, UN Doc. A/Conf. 151/26,Vol. III
17. Transcript of proceedings in: G. Plant, Environmental Protection and the Law of War: a Fifth Geneva Convention on the Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict? (1992)
18. Organized by the Canadian Government and the United Nations, 1-12 July 1991
19. Organized by the International Committee of the Red Cross, April 1992, January 1993 and June 1993
20. I served as Chair, Professor Nicholas Robinson as Vice-Chairman as well as Chair, of Working Group II
21. Consultation on the Law Concerning the Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict, Environmental Policy and Law, Vol. 22, pp. 27, 63-64 (1992)
22. Chaired by Dr. Hans-Peter Gasser of the International Committee of the Red Cross
23. Precedents studied were the United Nations Environment Programme's 1991 Action Plan for Kuwait and the International Atomic Energy Agency's nuclear accident response programme
24. See note 20 above, Recommendation 13
25. IUCN GA Resolution 19.41
26. UN Security Council Resolutions 819, 824, 836, 844 (1993)
27. UN Security Council Resolutions 925, 929 (1994)
28. Letter of 10 October 1994 to Executive Governor of ICEL, unpublished
29. Letter of 22 July 1994 to Director General of IUCN, unpublished
30. A. Adede, W. Lang, N. Robinson and myself
31. Armed Conflict and the Environment, IUCN-WCC Resolution 1.57
32. Preamble, paras. 1, 3
33. Preamble, paras. 4, 5
34. Article 2, para. 1
35. Article 3
36. Article 4