Spatial distribution, territoriality and sound production by tropical cryptic butterflies (Hamadryas, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): Implications for the "industrial melanism" debate

Revista de Biologia Tropical

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 297-330

  Monge Nájera, Julián ^b   Hernández, Francisco ^b   González, María Isabel ^b   Soley, Javier ^b   Araya, José ^b   Zolla, Stefano ^a  

^a Centro Internazionale Crocevia   (Italy)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Behavior; Communication; Courtship; Crypsis; Defense; Industrial melanism; Mating; Mechanism; Protective coloration; Sound; Spatial distribution; Stridulation; Territoriality; Wing structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347655351     PISSN: 00347744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aiello, A. 1992. Dry season strategies of two Panamanian butterfly species, Anartia fatima (Nymphalinae) and Pierella luna luna (Satyrinae) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), p. 573-575 In D. Quintero & A. Aiello (eds.). Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University, Oxford.
2. Alcock, J. 1989. Acoustic Signaling, Territoriality, and Mating in Whistling Moths, Hecatesia thyridion (Agaristidae). J. Insect Behav. 2: 27-37.
3. Bailey, W. J. 1978. Resonant wing system in the Australian whistling moth Hecatesia (Agaristidae, Lepidoptera). Nature 272: 444-446.
4. Baker, R. R. 1972. Territorial behaviour of the nymphalid butterflies, Aglais urticae (L.) and Inachis io (L.). J. Anim. Ecol. 41: 453-469
5. Baker, R.R. 1983. Insect territoriality. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 28: 65-89.
6. Betts, C.R. & R. J. Wootton. 1988. Wing shape and flight behaviour in butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea): A preliminary analysis. J. Exp. Biol. 138: 271-288.
7. Bitzer, R. J. & K. C. Shaw. 1983. Territorial behavior of Nymphalis antiopa and Polygonia comma (Nymphalidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 37: 1-13.
8. Bitzer, R. J. & K. C. Shaw. 1995. Territorial Behavior of the Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) I. The Role of Climatic Factors and Early Interaction Frequency on Territorial Start Time. J. Insect Behav. 8: 47-66.
9. Bitzer, R. J. & K. Shaw. 1979. Territorial behavior of the red admiral, Vanessa atalanta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). J. Res. Lepid. 18: 36-49.
10. Boardman, M., R.R. Askew & L.M. Cook. 1974. Experiments on resting site selection by nocturnal moths. J. Zool. London 172: 343-355.
11. Brodskii, A. K. & N. N. Voroblev. 1990. The gliding flight of butterflies and role of the wing scale cover in flight (in Russian). Entomol. Obozr. 69: 241-256.
12. Busnell, R. G. 1963. (ed.). Acoustic behavior of animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 933 p.
13. Calvert, A. S. & P. P. Calvert. 1917. A Year of Costa Rican Natural History. Macmillan, New York. 577 p.
14. Cott, H.B. 1946. Adaptive coloration in animals. Methuen, London. 540 p.
15. Daily, G.C., P.R. Ehrlich & D. Wheye. 1991. Determinants of spatial distribution in a population of the subalpine butterfly Oeneis chryxus. Oecologia 88: 587-596.
16. Darwin, C. R. 1839. A naturalist voyage. Murray, London.
17. Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. Murray, London.
18. Davies, N. B. 1978. Territorial defence in the speckled wood butterfly (Parage aegeria): the resident always wins. Anim. Behav. 26: 138-147.
19. De Vries, P.J. 1988. Stratification of fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies in a Costa Rican forest. J. Res. Lepid. 26: 98-108.
20. Dumortier, B. 1963. Morphology of sound emission apparatus in Arthropoda, p. 277-345 In R. G. Busnell (ed.). Acoustic behavior in animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 933 p.
21. Hampson, G. F. 1892. On stridulation in certain lepidoptera. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1892: 188-193.
22. Hannemann, H. J. 1956. Uber ptero-tarsale Stridulation und einige andere Arten der Lauterzeugung bei Lepidopteren. Dtsch. Entom. Z. 3: 14-27.
23. Haskell, P. T. 1961. Insect Sounds. Quadrangle Books, Chicago. 189 p.
24. Hebard, M. 1922. The stridulation of a North American noctuid, Heliothis paradoxus Grote (Lepidoptera). Entomol. News 33: 244.
25. Jenkins, D. 1983. Neotropical Nymphalidae I. Revision of Hamadryas. Bull. Allyn Mus. 81: 1-146.
26. Joy, N.H. 1902. (untitled). Proc. Entom. Soc. London 19 Nov: 11-12.
27. Kane, S. 1982. Notes on the acoustic signals of a Neotropical satyrid butterfly. J. Lepid. Soc. 36: 200-206.
28. Keiper, R.R. 1969 Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. IV. Preliminary studies of species resembling dead leaves. J. Lepid. Soc. 23: 205-210.
29. Kettlewell, H.B.D. 1955. Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity 9: 323-342.
30. Laithwaite, E., A. Watson, P. E. S. Whalley & W. D. Duckworth. 1975. The dictionary of butterflies and moths. Joseph, London. 296 p.
31. Lloyd, J. E. 1974. Genital stridulation in Psilogramma menephron (Sphingidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 28: 349-351.
32. Masters, W. M. 1979. Insect Disturbance Stridulation: Its Defensive Role. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 5: 187-200.
33. McCrae, A. W. R. 1975 Clicking in flight by an African fruit-piercing moth, Achaea obvia Hampson (Lep. , Noctuidae) Ent. Month. Mag. 111: 161-164.
34. Michelsen, A. & O. N. Larsen. 1983. Strategies for Acoustics: Communication in Complex Environments, p. 321-331. In F. Huber & H. Markl (eds.). Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
35. Monge-Nájera, J. & F. Hernández. "1991" (1993). A morphological search for the sound mechanism of Hamadryas butterflies. J. Res. Lepid. 30: 196-208.
36. Monge-Nájera, J. 1988. Mariposas crípticas del género Hamadryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): uso de sustrato, territorialidad, emisión de sonido y morfología. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. 61 p.
37. Monge-Nájera, J. 1992. Clicking Butterflies, Hamadryas, of Panama: Their biology and classification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), p. 567-572. In D. Quintero & A. Aiello (eds.). Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies. Oxford University, Oxford.
38. Navarro P., N. 1995. Incidencia de lepidoptéros diurnos en la dieta del murciélago orejudo (Macrotus waterhousei minor Gundlach/Peters, 1865). Garciana (Cuba) 23: 11-12.
39. Otero, L. D. 1990 The stridulatory organ in Hamadryas (Nymphalidae): Preliminary observations. J. Lepid. Soc. 44: 285-288.
40. Otero, L.D. 1988. Contribución a la historia natural del género Hamadryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela. 108 p.
41. Pasteur, G. 1972. Le mimétisme. Universitaires de France, Paris. 128 p.
42. Pinheiro, C.E.G. 1990 (1991). Territorial Hilltopping Behavior of Three Swallowtail Butterflies (Lepidoptera. Papilionidae) in Western Brazil. J. Res. Lepid. 29: 134-142.
43. Ross, G. N. 1963. Evidence for lack of territoriality in two species of Hamadryas (Nymphalidae). J. Res. Lepid. 2: 241-246.
44. Rothschild, M. & P. T. Haskell. 1966. Stridulation of the garden tiger moth, Arctia caja L. audible to the human ear. Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 41: 167-171.
45. Sargent, T.D. & R.R. Keiper. 1969. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths I. Preliminary studies on bark-like species. J.Lepid. Soc. 23: 1-9.
46. Sargent, T.D. 1969. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. V. Preliminary studies on an anthophilous species, Schinia florida (Noctuidae). J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 77: 123-128.
47. Sargent, T.D. 1973. Behavioral adaptations of cryptic moths. VI. Further experimental studies on bark-like species. J. Lepid. Soc. 27: 8-12.
48. Sargent, T.D. 1985. Melanism in Phigalia titea (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in southern New England: a response to forest disturbance? J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 93: 1113-1120.
49. Scoble, M.J. 1992. The Lepidoptera: form, function and diversity. Oxford University, Oxford. 389 p.
50. Scott, F. W. 1968. Sounds produced by Neptis hylas (Nymphalidae). J. Lepidop. Soc. 22: 254.
51. Scott, J. A. 1974. Mate-locating behavior of butterflies. Amer. Mid. Nat. 91: 103-117.
52. Seitz, A. 1914. The macrolepidoptera of the World. A. Kernan, Stuttgart.
53. Shapiro, A.M. 1977. Avian predation on butterflies -Again. Entomol. Rec. 89: 293-295.
54. Sharp, D. 1899. Insects. Dover, New York.
55. Spangler, H. G. , M. D. Greenfield & K. Takessian. 1984. Ultrasonic mate calling in the lesser was moth. Physiol. Entomol. 9: 87-95.
56. Steward, R.C. 1976. Experiments of resting site selection by the typical and melanic forms of the moth, Allophyes oxyacanthae (Caradrinidae). J. Zool. London 178: 107-115.
57. Steward, R.C. 1977 a. Further experiments of resting site selection by the typical and melanic forms of the moth, Allophyes oxyacanthae (Caradrinidae). J. Zool. London 181: 395-406.
58. Steward, R.C. 1977 b. Industrial and non-industrial melanism in the peppered moth Biston betularia (L.). Ecol. Entomol. 2: 231-243.
59. Surlykke, A. & M. Gogala. 1986. Stridulation and hearing in the noctuid moth Thecophora fovea (Tr.). J. Comp. Physiol. 159 A: 267-273.
60. Swihart, S.L. 1967 Hearing in butterflies (Nymphalidae: Heliconius, Ageronia). J. Insect Physiol. 13: 469-476.
61. Swinton, A. H. 1877. On stridulation in the genus Ageronia. Entomol. Month. Mag. 13: 207-208.
62. Thornhill, R. & J. Alcock. 1983. The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems. Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 547 p.
63. Tinbergen, N. 1958. Curious naturalists. Country Life, London. p. 164-178.
64. Vogel, R. 1912. Uber die Chordotonalorgane in der Wurzel der Schmetterlingsflugel. Z. Wiss. Zool. 100: 210-244.
65. Wakamura, S. 1977. Sound production of the male moth Agrotis fucosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during courtship behaviour. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 12: 202-203.
66. White, F.B. 1877. Stridulation in the genus Vanessa. Ent. Month. Mag. 13:208.
67. Wickman, P.O, E. García Barros & C. Rappe-George. 1995. The location of landmark leks in the small heath butterfly, Coenonympha pamphilus: evidence against the hot-spot model. Behav. Ecol. 6: 39-45.
68. Wickman, P.O. & C. Wicklund. 1983. Territorial defense and its seasonal decline in the speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria). Anim. Behav. 31: 1206-1216.
69. Young, A.M. & S.S. Borkin 1985. Natural history notes for some Hamadryas butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae: Aegeronini) in Northwestern Costa Rica during the tropical dry season. J. Lepid. Soc. 39: 229-235.
70. Young, A.M. 1974. On the biology of Hamadryas februa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Z. ang. Ent. 76: 380-393.