Executive scanning and perceived uncertainty: A multidimensional model

Journal of Management

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-21

  Boyd, Brian K ^b   Fulk, Janet ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Old Dominion University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347654889     PISSN: 01492063     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-2063(96)90010-0     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Achrol R.S. Measuring uncertainty in organizational analysis. Social Science Research. 17:1988;66-91.
2. Aguilar F.J. Scanning the business environment. 1967;MacMillan, New York.
3. Allison P.D. Testing for interaction in multiple regression. American Journal of Sociology. 83:1977;144-153.
4. Ansoff H.I. Managing strategic surprise by response to weak signals. California Management Review. 18:(2):1975;21-33.
5. Astley W.G., Axelsson R., Butler R.J., Hickson D.J., Wilson D.C. Complexity and cleavage: Dual explanations of strategic decision-making. Journal of Management Studies. 19:1982;357-375.
6. Badarcco J.L. Jr. The knowledge link: How firms compete through strategic alliances. 1991;Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
7. Bentler P.M., Bonett D.G. Significance tests and the goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin. 88:1980;588-606.
8. Biggart N.W., Hamilton G.G. On the limits of a firm-based theory to explain business networks: The Western bias of neoclassical economics. Nohria N., Eccles R.G. Networks and organizations: Structure, form and action. 1992;471-490 Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
9. Blandin J.S., Brown W.B. Uncertainty and management's search for information. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. EM-24:1977;114-119.
10. Bollen K.A. Structural equations with latent variables. 1989;Wiley, New York.
11. Bourgeois L.J. Strategy and environment: A conceptual integration. Academy of Management Review. 5:1980;25-39.
12. Bourgeois L.J. Strategic goals, perceived uncertainty, and economic performance in volatile environments. Academy of Management Review. 28:1985;548-573.
13. Boyd B.K. Strategic planning and financial performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management Studies. 28:1991;353-374.
14. Boyd B.K., Dess G.G., Rasheed A.M.A. Divergence between perceptual and archival measures of the environment: Causes and consequences. Academy of Management Review. 18:1993;204-226.
15. Carmines E.G., McIver J.P. Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. Bohrnstedt G.W., Borgatta E.F. Social measurement: Current issues. 1981;65-115 Beverly Hills, Sage.
16. Chaiken J., Chaiken M., Karchmer C. Multijurisdictional drug law enforcement strategies: Reducing supply and demand. 1990;National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC.
17. Cohen J., Cohen P. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1975;Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
18. Culnan M.J. Environmental scanning: The effects of task complexity and source accessibility on information gathering behavior. Decision Sciences. 14:1983;194-206.
19. Daft R., Weick K. Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems. Academy of Management Review. 9:1984;284-295.
20. Daft R., Sormunen J., Parks D. Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics, and company performance: An empirical study. Strategic Management Journal. 9:1988;123-139.
21. Daft R.L., Lengel R.H. Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science. 32:1986;554-571.
22. Daft R.L., Macintosh N.B. A tentative exploration into the amount and equivocality of information processing in organizational work units. Administrative Science Quarterly. 26:1981;207-224.
23. Day G.S. Strategic market planning: The pursuit of competitive advantage. 1984;West, St. Paul, MN.
24. Dess G.G. Consensus on strategy formulation and organizational performance: Competitors in a fragmented industry. Strategic Management Journal. 8:1987;259-277.
25. Dess G.G., Beard D.W. Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly. 29:1984;52-73.
26. Draper N.R., Smith H. Applied regression analysis. 2nd ed. 1981;John Wiley and Sons, New York.
27. Duncan R. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty. Administrative Science Quarterly. 17:1972;313-327.
28. Dutton J.M., Freedman R.D. Uncertainty and firms' strategic behaviors. Working Paper. 1984;New York university.
29. Fahey L., King W. Environmental scanning for corporate planning. Business Horizons. (August):1977;61-71.
30. Fahey L., Narayanan V.K. Macroenvironmental analysis for strategic management. 1986;West, St. Paul, MN.
31. Farh J., Hoffman R., Hegarty W. Assessing environmental scanning at the subunit level: A multitrait-multimethod analysis. Decision Sciences. 15:1984;197-220.
32. Fredrickson J.W. The comprehensiveness of strategic decision processes: Extension, observations, and future directions. Academy of Management Journal. 27:1984;445-466.
33. Fredrickson J.W., Mitchell T.R. Strategic decision processes: Comprehensiveness and performance in an industry with an unstable environment. Academy of Management Journal. 27:1984;399-423.
34. Ganster D.C., Hennessey H.W., Luthans F. Social desirability response effects: Three alternative models. Academy of Management Journal. 26:1983;321-331.
35. Ghoshal S., Bartlett C.A. The multinational corporation as an interorganizational network. Academy of Management Review. 15:1990;603-625.
36. Hambrick D.C. Specialization of environmental scanning activities among upper level executives. Journal of Management Studies. 18:1981;299-320.
37. Hambrick D.C. Environmental scanning and organizational strategy. Strategic Management Journal. 3:1982;159-174.
38. Hambrick D.C., Geletkanycz M.A., Fredrickson J.W. Top executive commitment to the status quo: Some tests of its determinants. Strategic Management Journal. 14:1993;401-418.
39. Hayduk L.A. Structural equation modeling with LISREL: Essentials and advances. 1987;Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
40. Hedberg B.L.T., Nystrom P.C., Starbuck W.H. Camping on seesaws: Prescriptions for a self-designing organization. Administrative Science Quarterly. 21:1976;41-65.
41. Herting J.R. Multiple indicator models using LISREL. Blalock H.M. Jr. Causal Models in the Social Sciences. 1985;263-319 Aldine, New York.
42. Huseman R.C., Miles E.J. Organizational communication in the information age: Implications of computer-based systems. Journal of Management. 14:1988;181-204.
43. Jackson S.E., Dutton J.E. Discerning threats and opportunities. Administrative Science Quarterly. 33:1988;370-387.
44. Jain S.C. Environmental scanning in U.S. corporations. Long Range Planning. 17:(2):1984;117-128.
45. Joreskog K.G., Sorbom D. LISREL VII: A guide to the program and applications. 1988;Scientific Software, Mooresville, IN.
46. Judge G.G., Griffiths W.E., Carter Hill R., Lutkephol H., Lee T.C. The theory and practice of econometrics. 2nd ed. 1985;Wiley, New York.
47. Keegan W.J. Multinational scanning: A study of the information sources utilized by headquarters executives in multinational companies. Administrative Science Quarterly. 19:1974;411-421.
48. Kefalas A., Schoderbek P. Scanning the business environment: Some empirical results. Decision Sciences. 4:1973;63-74.
49. Leifer R., Huber G. Relations among perceived environmental uncertainty, organization structure, and boundary spanning behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly. 22:1977;235-247.
50. Lenz R.T., Engledow J. Environmental analysis units and strategic decision making: A field study of selected "Leading-Edge" corporations. Strategic Management Journal. 7:1986;69-79.
51. Lorange P., Morton M.S.M., Ghoshal S. Strategic control. 1986;West, St. Paul, MN.
52. Luce R.D., Raiffa H. Games and decisions. 1957;Wiley, New York.
53. Maddala G.S. Econometrics. 1977;McGraw Hill, New York.
54. Miles R.E., Snow C.C. Organizational strategy, structure, and process. 1978;McGraw Hill, New York.
55. Miller D., Friesen P.H. Strategy-making and environment: The third link. Strategic Management Journal. 4:1983;221-235.
56. Milliken F. Three types of perceived uncertainty about the environment: State, effect, and response uncertainty. Academy of Management Review. 12:1987;133-143.
57. Perrow C. Organizational analysis: A sociological view. 1970;Tavistock, London.
58. Pfeffer J., Salancik G. The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. 1978;Harper and Row, New York.
59. Podsakoff P.M., Organ D.W. Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management. 12:1986;531-544.
60. Porter M.E. Competitive strategy. 1980;Free Press, New York.
61. Powell W.W. Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. Staw B. Research in organizational behavior. 1990;236-295 JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. 12.
62. Quinn J.B. Intelligent enterprise. 1992;Free Press, New York.
63. Rhyne L.C. The relationship of strategic planning to financial performance. Strategic Management Journal. 7:1986;423-436.
64. Robinson R. The importance of 'Outsiders' in small firm strategic planning. Academy of Management Journal. 25:1982;80-93.
65. Sawyerr O.O. Environmental uncertainty and environmental scanning activities of Nigerian manufacturing executives: A comparative analysis. Strategic Management Journal. 14:1993;287-299.
66. Shortell S.M., Zajac E.J. Perceptual and archival measures of Miles and Snow's strategic types: A comprehensive assessment of reliability and validity. Academy of Management Journal. 33:1990;817-832.
67. Smircich L., Stubbart C. Strategic management in an enacted world. Academy of Management Review. 10:1985;724-736.
68. Starbuck W., Greven A., Hedberg B.L. Responding to crises. Journal of Business Administration. 9:1978;111-137.
69. Stubbart C. Are environmental scanning units effective? Long Range Planning. 15:1982;139-145.
70. Sudman S. Applied sampling. 1976;Academic Press, New York.
71. Thomas P. Environmental scanning - The state of the art. Long Range Planning. 13:1980;20-28.
72. Thompson J.D., Tuden A. Strategies, structures and processes of organizational decision. Thompson J.D., Hammond P.B., Hawkes R.W., Junker B.H., Tuden A. Comparative Studies in Administration. 1959;195-216 University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.
73. Thompson J.D. Organizations in action. 1967;McGraw Hill, New York.
74. Tung R.L. Dimensions of organizational environments: An exploratory study of their impact on organization structure. Academy of Management Journal. 22:1979;672-693.
75. Tushman M.L., Nadler D.A. Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design. Academy of Management Review. 3:1978;613-624.
76. Williams L.J., Cole J.A., Buckley M.R. Lack of method variance in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Reality or artifact? Journal of Applied Psychology. 74:1989;462-468.
77. Williamson O.E. Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. 1975;Free Press, New York.
78. Wonnacott R.J., Wonnacott T.H. Econometrics. 1970;Wiley, New York.