Demographic, income, and health care characteristics, 1993

Monthly Labor Review

Volumn 121, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 13-22

  Kruse, Douglas L ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0347653391     PISSN: 00981818     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. See, for example, Jane West, ed., Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (Cambridge, MA, Blackwell Publishers, 1996); and Jerry L. Mashaw, Virginia Reno, Richard Burkhauser, and Monroe Berkowitz, eds., Disability, Work, and Cash Benefits (Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1996).
2. See, for example, Jane West, ed., Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (Cambridge, MA, Blackwell Publishers, 1996); and Jerry L. Mashaw, Virginia Reno, Richard Burkhauser, and Monroe Berkowitz, eds., Disability, Work, and Cash Benefits (Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1996).
3. This article draws from the material presented in Douglas L. Kruse, Disability and Employment: Characteristics of Employed and Non-employed People with Disabilities, Report to the Office of Policy, U.S Department of Labor, September 1997.
4. The "employment rate" is the proportion of a given population that is employed.
5. The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a household survey sponsored by the Bureau of the Census, is designed to help meet the statistical needs of many Federal agencies. SIPP collects core data on employment, income, and participation in certain Federal Government programs. The data used in this study were collected between October 1993 and January 1994. For more information on SIPP, see Thomas W. Hale, Howard V. Hayghe, and John M. McNeil, "Persons with disabilities: Labor market activity, 1994," this issue, pp. 3-12, footnote 1 and references cited therein, including the SIPP page 〈http://www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/〉 at the official Bureau of the Census Web site 〈http://www.census.gov/〉.
6. This statistic is based on probit regressions using the other demographic variables in table 1 as independent variables. Across the entire sample, persons with severe (nonsevere) disabilities are 16.5 (2.6) percentage points less likely than those without disabilities to have ever been married; once married, they are 12.0 (5.8) percentage points less likely to have remained married.
7. For more on this topic, see Hale and others, "Labor market activity;" and Kruse, Disability and Employment.
8. For more on this topic, see Hale and others, "Labor market activity;" and Kruse, Disability and Employment.
9. Because the SIPP is based on households, but this analysis is based on persons, a particular household's income can show up several times (in as many observations as there are household members meeting the criteria for the analysis). Because larger households therefore get more weight, care should be taken to construe these figures not as averages across households (requiring equal weights among households) but as averages across persons.
10. This adjustment was accomplished by weighting each disability household size by the ratio of the proportion of households of that size in the nondisability population to the proportion of households of that size in the disability population.
11. Probit regressions of poverty status show that, after controlling for the demographic characteristics in table 3 (not employment status), the poverty rate is 8 percentage points higher among all persons with disabilities than it is among those without disabilities, and 14 percentage points higher among persons with severe disabilities than it is among the nondisability population.
12. The probit regressions include all demographic characteristics (not employment status) and were run separately for each disability category. All differences by demographic status are significant (p < .05) for those without disabilities, and are significant for those with disabilities except for the difference between the two younger age groups, between African-Americans and American Indians and Eskimos, and between whites and Asians and Pacific Islanders among those with severe disabilities.
13. See Hale and others, "Labor market activity," and Kruse, Disability and Employment.
14. See Hale and others, "Labor market activity," and Kruse, Disability and Employment.
15. The positive levels of earned income among nonemployed persons reflect payments for work performed earlier.
16. A small portion of the disability or retirement income received by persons without disabilities was for temporary sickness or disability.
17. See Douglas L. Kruse, Alan Krueger, and Susan Drastal, "Disability, Employment, and Earnings in the Dawn of the Computer Age" (Bureau of Economic Research, Rutgers University, 1995).
18. See Kruse and others, "Disability, Employment, and Earnings;" and Alan Krueger and Douglas L. Kruse, "Labor Market Effects of Spinal Cord Injuries in the Dawn of the Computer Age," Working Paper 5302, (National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1995).
19. See Kruse and others, "Disability, Employment, and Earnings;" and Alan Krueger and Douglas L. Kruse, "Labor Market Effects of Spinal Cord Injuries in the Dawn of the Computer Age," Working Paper 5302, (National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1995).