Factors affecting milk ejection and removal during milking and suckling of dairy cows

Veterinarni Medicina

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 108-118

  Tančin, Vladimir ^a   Bruckmaier, R M ^b  

^a RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION   (Slovakia)

^b Institute of Physiology   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dairy cows; Hormones; Milking; Suckling

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347608202     PISSN: 03758427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17221/7860-VETMED     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Akers M.R., Lefcourt A.M. (1982): Milking-and suckling-induced secretion of oxytocin and prolactin in parturient cows. Horm. Behav., 16, 87-93
2. Allen J.C. (1990): Milk synthesis and secretion rates in cows with milk composition changed by oxytocin. J. Dairy Sci., 73, 975-984
3. Almeida O.F., Yassouridis A., Forgas-Moya Y. (1994): Reduced availability of milk after central injections of corti-cotropin-releasing hormone in lactating rats. Neuroendocri-nology, 59, 72-77
4. Aurich J.E., Dobrinski I., Hoppen H.O., Grunert E. (1993): No evidence foran opioidergic control of oxytocin release in cows during late pregnancy, parturition and early puerperi-um. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 32, 197-204
5. Aurich J.E., Besognet B., Daels RF. (1996): Evidence for opioidergic inhibition of oxytocin release in periparturient mares. Theriogenology, 46, 387-396
6. Bar-Peled U., Maltz E., Bruckental I., Folman Y, Kali Y, Gac-itua H., Lehre A.R., Knight C.H., Robinzon B., Voet H., Tagar H. (1995): Relationship between frequent milking or suckling in early lactation and milk production of high producing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 2726-2736
7. Bicknell R.J. (1985): Endogenous opioid peptides and hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurones. Review. J. Endocrinol., 107, 437-446
8. Bicknell R.J., Leng G. (1982): Endogenous opiates regulate oxytocin but not vasopresin secretion from the neurohypophysis. Nature, 298, 161-163
9. Bishop J.D., Malven P.V., Singleton W.L., Weesner G.D. (1999): Hormonal and behavioral correlates of emotional states in sexually trained boars. J. Anim. Sci., 77, 3339-3345
10. Blum J.W., Schams D., Bruckmaier R. (1989): Catecholamines oxytocin and milk removal in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res., 56, 167-177
11. Bruckmaier R.M., Blum J. (1996): Simultaneous recording of oxytocin release, milk ejection and milk flow during milking of dairy cows with and without prestimulation. J. Dairy Res., 63, 201-208
12. Bruckmaier R.M., Blum J.W. (1998): Oxytocin release and milk removal in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 939-949
13. Bruckmaier R.M., Mayer H., Schams D. (1991): Effects of alfa and beta adrenergic agonists on intramammary pressure and milk flow in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res., 58, 411-419
14. Bruckmaier R., Schams D., Blum J.W. (1992): Aetiology of disturbed milk ejection in parturient primiparous cows. J. Dairy Res., 59, 479-489
15. Bruckmaier R.M, Schams D., Blum J.W. (1993): Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentrations of ox-ytocin, prolactin, cortisol and β-endorphin. J. Dairy Res.,60, 449-456
16. Bruckmaier R., Schams D., Blum J.W. (1994): Continuously elevated concentrations of oxytocin during milking are necessary for complete milk removal in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res., 61,449-456
17. Bruckmaier R.M., Wellnitz O., Blum J.W.I. (1997): Inhibition of milk ejection in cows by oxytocin receptor blockade, al-pha-adrenergic receptor stimulation and in unfamiliar surroundings. J. Dairy Res., 64, 315-325
18. Clarke G., Wood P., Merrick L., Lincoln D.W.(1979): Opiate inhibition of peptide release from the neurohumoral terminals of hypothalamic neurones. Nature, 282, 746-748
19. Crowley W.R., Armstrong W.E. (1992): Neurochemical regulation of oxytocin secretion in lactation. Endocrin. Rev., 13, 33-65
20. Douglas A.J., Bicknell R.J., Russell J.A. (1995): Pathway to parturition. In: Ivell R., Russell J.A. (eds.): Oxytocin-Celu-lar and Molecular Approaches in Medicine and Research. Plenum Press, NewYork and London. 381-394
21. Douglas A.J., Johnstone H.A., Wigger A., Landgraf R., Russell J.A., Neumann I.D. (1998): The role of endogenous opioids in neurohypophysial and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone secretory responses to stress in pregnant rats. J. Endocrinol., 158, 285-293
22. Edwards A.V. (1997): Aspects of autonomic and neuroendo-crine function. Equine Vet. J., 24, 109-117
23. Edwards S.A., Broom D.M. (1982): Behavioural interactions of dairy cows with their newborn calves and the effects of parity. Anim. Behav., 30, 525-535
24. Ehrhart-Bornstein M., Bornstein S.R., Gonzalez-Hernandez J., Holst J.J., Waterman M.R., Scherbaum W.A. (1995): Sympathoadrenal regulation of adrenocortical steroidogene-sis. Endocrin. Res., 21, 13-24
25. Eipper B.A., Mains W.E. (1980): Structure and biosynthesis of pro-adrenocorticotropin/endorphin and related peptides. Endocrin. Rev., 1, 1-27
26. Goodman G.T., Grosvenor C.E. (1983): Neuroendocrine control of the milk ejeciton reflex. J. Dairy Sci., 66, 2226-2235
27. Gorewit R. C., Aromando M. C. (1985): Mechanisms involved in the adrenalin-induced blocade of milk ejection in dairy cattle. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 180, 340-347
28. Gorewit R.C., Svennersten K., Butler W.R., Uvnas-Moberg K. (1992): Endocrine responses in cows milked by hand and machine. J. Dairy Sci., 75, 443-448
29. Guillemain R., Vargo T., Rossier T., Minick S., Ling N., Rivier C, Vale W., Bloom F. (1977): (3-Endorphin and adrenocorti-cotrophin are secreted concomitantly by the pituitary gland. Science, 197, 1367-1369
30. Hammon H.M., Bruckmaier R.M., Honegger U.E., Blum J.W. (1994): Distribution and density of a-a (3-adrenergic binding sites in the bovine mammary gland. J. Dairy. Res., 61, 47-57
31. Hashizume T., Haglof S.A., Malven P.V. (1994): Intracerebral methionine-enkephali, serum cortisol and serum beta-endor-phin durin acute exposure of sheep to physical or isolation stress. J. Anim. Sci., 72, 700-708
32. Holzbauer M., Racke K., Sharman D.F. (1983): A comparison of the release of endogenous dopamine from the neural and the intermediate lobe of the rat hypophysis after electrical stimulation of the stalk. Med. Biol, 61, 258-263
33. Hopster H., O'Connell J. M., Blokhuis H. J. (1995): Acute effects of cow-calf separation on heart rate, plasma cortisol and behaviour in multiparous dairy cows. Appl. Anim. Be-hav. Sci., 44, 1-8
34. Hopster H., van der Werf J.T.N., Korte-Bouws G., Macuhova J., van Reenen C.G., Bruckmaier R.M., Korte S.M. (2000): Automatic milking in dairty cows: Welfare indicators of astronaut effectiveness. In: Hogeveen H., Meijering A. (eds.): Robotic Milking. Wageningen Pers. 259-266
35. Johansson B., Olofsson J., Wiktorsson H., Uvnas-Moberg K., Svennersten-Sjaunja K. (1998): A comparison between manual prestimulation versus feeding stimulation during milking in dairy cows. Swedish J. Agric. Res., 28, 177-187
36. Jones M.T. (1979): Control of adrenocortical hormone secretion. In: James V.H.T. (ed.): The Adrenal Gland. Comprehensive Endocrinology. Series Ed: L. Martini. Raven Press, New York. 93-130
37. Keverne E.B., Kendrick K.M. (1994): Maternal behaviour in sheep and its neuroendocrine regulation. Acta Paediatr. (Suppl.), 397, 47-56
38. Kraetzl W.D., Tancin V., Schams D. (1999): Welche Bedeutung haben Opioide bei Storungen der Milchejection, insbeson-dere bei frischlaktierenden Farsen In: Milchkonferenz 99, Deutche Gesellschaft fur Milchwissenschaft, Kiel, 23.-24. September, H3
39. Kraetzl W.D., Tancin V., Schams D., Bruckmaier R.M. (2001): The inhibition of oxytocin release in response to first suckling of dairy cows in the middle of lactation without suckling experiences is not opioid dependent. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 72, 247-253
40. Krieger D.P. (1979): Plasma ACTH and glucocorticoids. In: Groot L.J., Cahill G.F., Martini L., Nelson D.H., Odel W.D. (eds.): Endocrinology. Vol. 2. Grune and Statton, New York. 1139-1156
41. Lau Ch. (1992): Effects of various stressors on milk release in the rat. Physiol. Behav., 52, 1157-1163
42. Lawrence A.B., Petherick J.C., McLean K., Gilbert C.L., Chapman C, Russell J.A. (1992): Naloxone prevents interruption of parturition and increases plasma oxytocin following environmental disturbance in parturient sows. Physiol. Behav., 52, 917-923
43. Le Neidre P. (1992): The effect of husbandry and breed on mother-young relationships in cattle. In: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Production Diseases in Farm Animals, August 24-27, University of Berne, Switzerland. 329-347
44. Lefcourt A.M., Akers R.M. (1984): Small increase in peripheral noradrenaline inhibit the milk-ejection response by means of a peripheral mechanisms. J. Endocrinol., 100, 337-344
45. Lefcourt A.M., Akers R.M. (1991): Teat stimulation-induced oxytocin and catecholamine release in pregnant and lactating holstein heifers. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol., 8, 235-243
46. Lefcourt A.M., Paul G., Mayer H., Schams D., Bruckmaier R.M. (1997): Response of catecholamines to manual teat stimulation or machine-milking of Lacaune and Friesian dairy ewes. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 3205-3211
47. Leng G., Mansfield S., Bicknell R.J., Blackburn R.E., Brown D., Chapman C., Dyer R.G., Hollingsworth S., Shibuki K., Yates J.O., Way S. (1988): Endogenous opioid actions and effects of environmental disturbance on parturition and oxy-tocin secretion in rats. J. Reprod. Fertil., 84, 345-356
48. Leshin L.S., Rund L.A., Kraeling R.R., Crim J.W., Kiser T.E. (1992): Distribution of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of postpartum anestrus and luteal phase cows. Neuroendocrinology, 56, 436-444
49. Levy F., Kendrick K.M., Goode J.A., Guevara-Guzman R., Keverne E.B. (1995): Oxytocin and vazopressin release in the olfactory bulb of parturient ewes: changes with maternal experience and effects on acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyr-ic acid, glutamate and noradrenaline release. Brain Res., 669, 197-206
50. Lincoln D.W., Wakerley J.B. (1975): Factors governing the periodic activation of supraoptic and paraventricular neuro-secretory cells during suckling in the rat. J. Physiol., 250, 443-461
51. Lidfors L.M. (1996): Suckling behaviour: the basic way of milk removal. In: Proc. Sym. Milk Syntes., Secret., Removal in Ruminant. April 26-27, Bern
52. Marnet P.G., Richard S., Renaudeau D., Portanguen J. (1999a): Comparison between the oxytocin response to suckling, a mixed system of suckling and milking, and exclusive milking in Lacaune ewe. In: Barillet F., Zervas N.P. (eds.): Milking and Milk Production of Dairy Sheep and Goats. Wageningen Pers. 69-72
53. Marnet P.G., Negrao J.A., Orgeur P., Bellego LE L. (1999b): Effect of inhibition of maternal behaviour by peridural anesthesia on the endocrine response to milking during the first days after parturition. In: Barillet F., Zervas N. P. (eds.): Milking and Milk Production of Dairy Sheep and Goats. Wageningen Pers. 65-68
54. Mayer H., Bruckmaier R., Schams D. (1991): Lactational changes in oxytocin release, intramammary pressure and milking characteristics in dairy cows. J. Dairy Res., 58, 159-169
55. Mayer H., Lefcourt A.M. (1987): Failure of cortisol injected prior to milking to inhibit milk ejection in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Res., 54, 173-177
56. Mayer H., Schams D., WorstorffH., Prokopp A. (1984): Secretion of oxytocin and milk removal as affected by milking cows with and without manual stimulation. J. Endocrinol, 103, 355-361
57. Mayntz M., Costa P. (1998): Effect of pharmacologically in-duced changes in milk ejection on suckling in Bos taurus. Physiol. Behav., 65, 151-156
58. McDonnell J.J., Frappier B.L., Amann J.F. (1994): Anatomical localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and (3-endorphin in the bovine neurointermediate lobe. Anat. Record, 240, 528-536
59. McFadden T.B., Akers R.M., Smith J.J., Kalnitsky J. (1987): Endocrine response to milking among cows milked under three different conditions. J. Dairy Sci., 70, Suppl. 1, 226
60. Miyamoto Y., Morita N., Nakamura N., Yamanishi T., Kishio-ka S., Yamamoto H. (1993): Effect of naloxone on the morphine concentration in the central nervous system and plasma in rats. Japan. J. Phyrmacol., 63, 235-240
61. Nanda A.S., Ward W.R., Dobson H. (1989): Effects of naloxone on the oestradiol-induced LH surge and cortisol release in transported cows. J. Reprod. Fertil., 87, 803-807
62. O'Donohue T.L., Dorsa D.M. (1982): The opiomelanotropin-ergic neuronal and endocrine systems. Peptides, 3, 353-395
63. Passille de A.M., Rushen J., Marnet P.G. (1997): Effects of nursing a calf on milk ejection and milk yield during milking. J. Dairy Sci., 80, Suppl. 1, 203
64. Pegram R.G., Smith R., Franklin R., Gallagher T., Oosterwijk G., Wilsmore A.J. (1991): Comparisom of the calf suckling technique and milk oxytocin test for estimation of milk yield. Trop. Anim. Healt Prod., 23, 99-102
65. Pesce G., Lang M.A., Russell J.T., Rodbard D., Gainer H. (1987): Characterization of k-opioid receptros in neuro-secretosomes from bovine posterior pituitary. J. Neuro-chem., 49, 421-427
66. Pesce G., Guillaume V., Jezova D., Faudon M., Grino M., Oliver C. (1990): Epinephrine in rat hypophysial portal blood is derived mainly from the adrenal medulla. Neuroendocri-nology, 52, 322-327
67. Petersson M., Alster P., Lundeberg T., Uvnas-Moberg K. (1996): Oxytocin increases niciceptive thresholds in a long-term perspective in female and male rats. Neurosci. Lett., 212, 87-90
68. Pumford K., Leng G., Russel J.A.(1991): Morphine actions on supraoptic oxytocin neurones in anaesthetized rats: tolerance after i.c.v. morphine infusion. J. Physiol, 440, 437-454
69. Richard P. (1972): The reticulo-hypothalamo pathway con-trolling the release of oxytocin in the ewe. J. Endocrin., 53, 71-83
70. Rushen J., Boissy A., Terlouw E.M.C., Passille de A.M.B. (1999): Opioid paptides and behavioural and physioogical responses of dairy cows to social isolation in unfamiliar surroundings. J. Anim. Sci., 77, 2918-2924
71. Russell J.A., Coombes J.E., Leng G., Bicknell R.J. (1993): Morphine tolerance and inhibition of oxytocin secretion by k-opioids acting on the rat neurohypophysis. J. Physiol, 469, 365-386
72. Sagi R., Gorewit R.C., Merrill W.G., Wilson D.B. (1980): Premilking stimulation effects on milking performance and oxytocin and prolactin release in cows. J. Dairy Sci., 63, 800-806
73. Samuelsson B., Svennersten K. (1996): Effect of suckling on the release of oxytocin in dairy cows and their calves. In: Proc. Sym. Milk Syntes., Secret., Removal in Ruminant. April 26-27, Bern
74. Schams D., Mayer H., Prokopp A., WorstorffH. (1984): Oxytocin secretion during milking in dairy cows with regard to the variation and importance of a threshold level for milk removal. J. Endocrinol, 102, 337-343
75. Schams D., Tancin V., Kraetzl W. (1998): The effect of morphine and naloxone on the release of oxytocin, cortisol and prolactin and on milk ejection in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci., 76, Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci., 81, Suppl. 1, 213
76. Seckel J.R., Lightman S.L. (1987): Effect of naloxone on oxytocin and vasopresin release during vaginocervical stimulation in the goat. J. Endocrinol, 115, 317-322
77. Sherman S.M. (2001): Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay. Trends Neurosci., 24, 122-126
78. Silveira PA., Spoon R.A., Ryan D.P., Williams G.L. (1993): Evidence for maternal behavior as a requisite link in suckling-mediated anovulation in cows. Biol. Reprod., 49, 1338-1346
79. SoloffM.S., Chakraborty J., Sadhukhan P., Senitzer D., Wied-er M., Fernstrom M.J., Sweet P. (1980): Purification and characterization of mammary myoepithelial and secretory cells from the lactationg rat. Endocrinology, 106, 887-899
80. Song S.L., Crowley W.R., Grosvenor C.E. (1988): Evidence for the involvement of an adrenal catecholamine in the P-adren-ergic inhibition of oxytocin release in lactating rat. Bain Res., 457, 303-309
81. Stelwagen K., van Espen D.C., Verkerk G.A., McFadden H.A., Farr V.C. (1998) Elevated plasma cortisol reduces permeability of mammary tight junctions in the lactating bovine mammary epithelium. J. Endocrinol, 159, 173-178
82. Stelwagen K., Hopster H., Van der Werf J.T., Blokhuis H.J. (2000): Short communication: effects of isolation stress on mammary tight junctions in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 83, 48-51
83. Stevenson J.S., Lamb G.C., Hoffmann D.P., Minton J.E. (1997): Interrelationships of lactation and pospartum anovulation in suckled and milked cows. Livest. Prod. Sci., 50, 57-74
84. Sumner B.E., Kawata M., Russell J.A. (1989): Does acute, intense stimulation of oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus increase their content of oxytocin mRNA Brain. Res., 489, 283-290
85. Tancin V., Harcek E., Broucek J., Uhrincaf M., Mihina S. (1993): Variations of oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in first-calvers after their transition to machine milking following 21 day calf suckling (in Slovak). Vet. Med.-Czech, 38, 449-458
86. Tancin V, Broucek J., Harcek E., Uhrincaf M., Mihina S., Cupka P. (1994): Suckling-and machine milking-influenced secretion of oxytocin, cortisol and milk characteristic in primiparous dairy cows. Dairy System for the 21st Century. In: Proc. Third Inter. Housing Conf, 2-5. February, Orlando-Florida, ASAE. 426-433
87. Tancin V, Harcek E., Broucek J., Uhrincaf M., Mihina S. (1995a): Effect of suckling during early lactation and change over to machine milking on plasma oxytocin and cortisol levels and milk characteristics in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Res., 62, 249-256
88. Tancin V, Uhrincaf M., Harcek E., Broucek J., Mihina S., Cupka P. (1995b): The effect of suckling and machine milking on blood cortisol levels in dairy cows (in Slovak). J. Farm. Anim. Sci. (Nitra), 28, 77-81
89. Tancin V, Kraetzl W.D., Schams D. (2000a): The effect of morphine and naloxone on the release of oxytocin and on milk ejection in dairy cows. J. Dairy. Res., 67, 13-20
90. Tancin V, Kraetzl W.D., Schams D., Mihina S., Hetenyi L. (2000b): The oxytocin secretion and milklet down during milking immediately after the change of milking and housing conditions. Vet. Med.-Czech, 45, 1-4
91. Tancin V, Schams D., Kraetzl W.D. (2000c): Cortisol and ACTH release in dairy cows in response to machine milking after pretreatment with morphine and naloxone. J. Dairy Res., 67, 675-674
92. Tancin V, Kraetzl W.D., Schams D., Bruckmaier R.M. (2001a): The effect of conditioning to suckling and milking in dairy cows and calf presence on the release of oxytocin. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 72, 235-246
93. Tancin V, Schams D., Kraetzl W.D., Macuhova J., Bruckmaier R.M. (2001b): Release of oxytocin, prolactin and cortisol in response to extraordinary suckling. Vet. Med.-Czech, 46, 41-45
94. Thomas A.S., Fell L.R. (1985): Effect of ACTH and oxytocin treatment on lactoferrin and citrate in cows, milk. J. Dairy Res., 52, 379-389
95. Urquart J. (1965): Adrenal blood flow and the adrenocortical response to corticotropin. Am. J. Physiol, 209, 1162-1168
96. Wagner K.U., Young W.S 3rd., Liu X., Ginns E.I., Li M., Furth PA., Hennighausen L. (1997): Oxytocin and milk removal are required for post-partum mammary-gland development. Genes. Funct., 1, 233-244
97. Wakerley J.B., Clarke G., Summerlee A.J.S. (1994): Milk ejection and its control. In: Knobil E, Neil J. (eds.): The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press Ltd., New York. 1131-1177
98. Wellnitz O., Bruckmaier R.M., Blum J.W. (1997): Naloxone and adrenergic blocking agents fail to abolish central inhibition of milk ejection in cow. J. Dairy Res., 64, 627-631
99. Williams G.L. (1990): Suckling as a regulator of postpartum rebreeding in cattle: a review. J. Anim. Sci., 17, 831-852
100. Williams G.L., McVey W.R., Hunter J.F. (1993): Mammary somatosensory pathways are not required for suckling-mediated inhibition of luteinizing hormones secretion and delay of ovulation in cows. Biol. Reprod., 49, 1328-1337
101. Wright D.M., Clarke G. (1984): Inhibition of oxytocin secretion by mu and delta receptor selective enkephalin analogues. Neuropeptides, 5, 273-276
102. Yamamuro Y., Sensui N. (1994): Effect of exogenous oxytocin on the leakage of lactose from the mammary gland and on suckling-indiced plasma prolactin in the lactationing rat. J. Reprod. Fertil., 102, 345-350
103. Zadina J.E., Hackler L., Ge L.J., Kastin A.J.(1997): A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the opiate receptor. Nature, 386, 499-502
104. Zavizion B., Politis I., Gorewit R.C. (1992): Bovine mammary myoepithelial cells. 1. Isolation, culture and characterization. J. Dairy Sci., 75, 3367-3380
105. Zettl K.S., Sjaastad M.D., Riskin P.M., Parry G., Machen T.E., Firestone G.L. (1992): Glucocorticoid-induced formation of tight junctions in mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 89, 9069-9073