Soft-sediment deformation in Lake Superior: Evidence for an immature Polygonal Fault Sytem?

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 216, Issue , 2003, Pages 323-334

  Wattrus, N J ^a   Rausch, D E ^a   Cartwright, J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH   (United States)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION MECHANISM; FAULTING; LAKE; MOBILIZATION; SEDIMENT;

GREAT LAKES; LAKE SUPERIOR; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0347595527     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.216.01.21     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. BERKSON, J.M. & CLAY, C.S. 1973a. Microphysiography and possible iceberg grooves on the floor of western Lake Superior. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84, 1315-1328.
2. BERKSON, J.M. & CLAY, C.S. 1973b. Possible syneresis origin of valleys on the floor of Lake Superior. Nature, 245, 89-91.
3. BERKSON, J.M., LINEBACK, J.A. & GROSS, D.L. 1975. A side-scan sonar investigation of small-scale features on the floor of southern Lake Michigan. Illinois State Geological Survey, Report 74.
4. CARTWRIGHT, J.A. 1994a. Episodic basin-wide fluid expulsion from geopressured shale sequence in the North Sea basin. Geology, 22, 447-450.
5. CARTWRIGHT, J.A. 1994b. Episodic basin-wide hydrofracturing of overpressured Early Cenozoic mudrock sequences in the North Sea Basin. Marine Petroleum Geology, 11, 587-607.
6. CARTWRIGHT, J.A. & DEWHURST, D.N. 1998. Layer-bound compaction faults in fine grained sediments. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110, 1242-1257.
7. CARTWRIGHT, J.A. & LONERGAN, L. 1996. Volumetric contraction during the compaction of mudrocks: A mechanism for the development of regional-scale polygonal fault systems. Basin Research, 8, 183-193.
8. COLMAN, S.M., FOSTER, D.S. & HARRISON, D.W. 1992. Depressions and other lake-floor morphologic features in deep water, southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 18, 267-279.
9. DELL, C.I. 1971. Late Quaternary sedimentation in Lake Superior. PhD Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
10. DEWHURST, D.N., CARTWRIGHT, J.A. & LONERGAN, L. 1999. The development of polygonal fault systems by syneresis of colloidal sediments. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 16, 793-810.
11. FARRAND, W.R. 1969. The Quaternary record of Lake Superior. In: 12th Conference on Great Lakes Research. International Association of Great Lakes Research.
12. FARRAND, W.R. & DREXLER, C.W. 1985. Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of the Lake Superior basin. In: KARROW, P.F. & CALKIN, P.E. (eds) Quaternary evolution of the Great Lakes, Geological Association of Canada, 30, 17-32.
13. FLOOD, R.D. 1980. Deep-sea sedimentary morphology: modelling and interpretation of echo-sounding profiles. Marine Geology, 38, 77-92.
14. FLOOD, R.D. 1989. Submersible studies of current -modified bottom topography in Lake Superior. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 15, 3-14.
15. FLOOD, R.D. & JOHNSON, T.C. 1984. Side-scan targets in Lake Superior - evidence for bedforms and sediment transport. Sedimentology, 31, 311-333.
16. HALFMAN, J.D. & JOHNSON, T.C. 1984. The sediment texture of contourites in Lake Superior. In: STOWDORRIK, A.V & PIPER, D.J.W. (eds) Fine-grained Sediments; deep-water Processes and Facies. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 15, 293-307.
17. HENRIET, J.P., DE BATIST, M. & VERSCHUREN, M. 1991. Early fracturing of Paleogene clays, southernmost North Sea. In: SPENCER, A.M. (ed.) Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons, European Association of Petroleum Geologists Special Publication, 217-227.
18. JOHNSON, T.C. 1980. Late-glacial and postglacial sedimentation in Lake Superior based on seismic-reflection profiles. Quaternary Research, 13, 380-391.
19. JOHNSON, T.C., HALFMAN, J.D., BUSCH, W.H. & FLOOD, R.D. 1984. Effects of bottom currents and fish on sedimentation in a deep-water, lacustrine environment. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95, 1425-1436.
20. LOWELL, T.V., LARSON, G.J., HUGHES, J.D. & DENTON, G.H. 1999. Age verification of the Lake Gribben forest bed and the Younger Dryas advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36, 383-393.
21. MOORE JR., T.C., REA, D.K., MAYER, L.A., LEWIS, C.F.M. & DOBSON, D.M. 1994. Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Huron - Georgian Bay and postglacial lake level history. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 1606-1617.
22. MOTHERSILL, J.S. 1988. Paleomagnetic dating of late glacial and post-glacial sediments in Lake Superior. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 1791-1799.
23. PARROTT, R.D., SHAW, J. & HUGHES-CLARKE, J. 1997. Use of multibeam bathymetry in a regional geophysical survey in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. In: 66th Annual International Meeting of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists. Dallas, TX, 833-834.
24. STOCKWELL JR., J.W. 1997. Free software in education; a case study of CWP/SU; Seismic Un*x. The Leuding Edge, 16, 1045-1049.
25. VELDE, B. 1999. Structure of surface cracks in soil and muds. Geoderma, 93 (1-2), 101-124.
26. ZUMBERGE, J.H. AND GAST, P. 1961. Geological investigations in Lake Superior. GeoTimes, 6, 10-13.