Gendered structural barriers to job attainment for skilled Chinese emigrants in Canada

International Journal of Population Geography

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 443-456

  Salaff, Janet ^a   Greve, Arent ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (Norway)

Author keywords

Canada; China; Human capital theory; Institutional theory; Professional migrants

Indexed keywords

ASIAN IMMIGRANT; EMPLOYMENT; HUMAN CAPITAL; MIGRANTS EXPERIENCE; SKILLED LABOR;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0347595130     PISSN: 10773495     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ijpg.310     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Andors P. 1983. The Unfinished Liberation of Chinese Women. Bloomington, Indiana University Press.
2. Badets J, Howatson-Leo L. 1999. Recent immigrants in the workforce. Canadian Social Trends Spring: 16-22.
3. Basran GS, Zong L. 1999. Devaluation of foreign credentials as perceived by visible minority immigrants in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies 30: 6-23.
4. Becker GS. 1975. Human Capital (2nd edn). University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
5. Beller AH. 1985. Changes in the sex composition of U.S. occupations, 1960-1981. The Journal of Human Resources 20(2): 235-250.
6. Bian Y. 1994. Work and Inequality in Urban China. State University of New York Press: Albany.
7. Boyd M. 1990. Sex differences in occupational skill: Canada, 1961-1986. La Revue Canadienne de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie/The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 27: 285-315.
8. Boyd M, Thomas D. 2001. Match or mismatch? The employment of immigrant engineers in Canada's labor force. Population Research and Policy Review 20: 107-133.
9. Chard J, Badets J, Howatson-Leo L. 2000. Immigrant Women. Women in Canada, 2000, A Gender-Based Statistical Report. Statistics Canada: Ottawa; 189-218.
10. Collins R. 1979. The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification. Academic Press: New York.
11. Creswell JW. 2002. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd edn). Sage: Beverly Hills.
12. Croll E, Kane P, Davin D. 1985. China's One Child Family Policy. Macmillan: London.
13. Davis D. 2000. Social class transformation in urban China. Modern China 26: 251-275.
14. Ely RJ, Thomas DA. 2001. Cultural diversity at work: the effects of diversity perspective on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly 46: 229-273.
15. Fernandez M. 1998. Asian Indian Americans in the Bay area and the glass ceiling. Sociological Perspectives 41: 119-149.
16. Granovetter M. 1985. Economic action and social structure: a theory of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 91: 481-510.
17. Greve A. 1992. Turnover and Career Mobility. Alma Mater Forlag a.s.: Bergen.
18. Hanson SL, Schaub M, Baker, DP. 1996. Gender stratification in the science pipeline: a comparative analysis of seven countries. Gender & Society 10: 271-290.
19. Hughes KD. 2001. Restructuring work, restructuring gender: the movement of women into non-traditional occupations in Canada. In Restructuring Work and The Life Course, Marshall VW, Heinz WR, Kruger H, Verma A (eds). University of Toronto Press: Ontario; 84-106.
20. Johnson TJ. 1972. Professions and Power. Macmillan: London.
21. Kalleberg AL, Rognes J. 2000. Employment relations in Norway: some dimensions and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior 21: 315-335.
22. Kats R. 1982. The immigrant woman. Double cost or relative improvement. International Migration 21: 345-357.
23. Kofman E. 2000. The invisibility of skilled female migrants and gender relations in studies of skilled migration in Europe. International Journal of Population Geography 6: 45-59.
24. Li PS. 2000. Earning disparities between immigrants and native-born Canadians. La Revue Canadienne de Sociologie et d' Anthropologie/The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 37: 289-311.
25. Liang Z. 2001. Demography of illicit emigration from China: a sending country's perspective. Sociological Forum 16: 677-701.
26. Loscocco KA, Wang X. 1992. Gender segregation in China. Sociology and Social Research 76: 118-126.
27. March JG, Olsen JP. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. Free Press: New York.
28. McDade I. 1988. Barriers to the Recognition of the Credentials of Immigration in Canada. Institute for Research on Public Policy: Ottawa.
29. Osterman P. 1984. Introduction: the nature and importance of internal labor markets. In Internal Labor Markets, Osterman P (ed.). MIT Press: Cambridge, MA; 1-22.
30. Pearson M. 1997. China's New Business Elite. University of California Press: Berkeley.
31. Pedraza S. 1991. Women and migration: the social consequences of gender. Annual Review of Sociology 17: 303-325.
32. Sandhu S. 2002. The 'skills match' hypothesis: Asian Indian immigrants in the Silicon Valley. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Chicago.
33. Schoeni RF. 1998. Labor market outcomes of immigrant women in the United States: 1970 to 1990. International Migration Review 32: 57-77.
34. Scott WR, 2001. Institutions and Organizations (2nd edn). Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.
35. Shapira Z. 1995. Risk Taking: A Managerial Perspective. Russell Sage Foundation: New York.
36. Shea C. 1994. Changes in women's occupations. In Canadian Social Trends: A Canadian Studies Reader, vol. 2. McKie C (ed.). Thompson Educational Press: Toronto; 151-154.
37. Smith HK. 1999. Ladders, Ceilings, and Trap Doors: The Promotion of Women and Men. Dissertation, University of Delaware, Sociology. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 60(2), Aug, 563-A.
38. Stacey J. 1983. Patriarchy and Socialist Revolution in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
39. Statistics Canada. 1999. Facts and Figures: Immigration Overview 1999. http://www.cic.gc.ca. Communications Branch, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Strategic, Policy, Planning and Research: Ottawa.
40. Tang J. 1993. The career attainment of Caucasian and Asian engineers. The Sociological Quarterly 34: 467-496.
41. Walder AG. 1986. Communist Neo-traditionalism: Work and Authority in Chinese Industry. University of California Press: Berkeley.
42. Walder AG. 1989. Social change in post-revolution China. Annual Review of Sociology 15: 405-424.
43. White HC. 1970. Chains of Opportunity: System Models of Mobility in Organizations. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
44. Williams AP, Domnick K, Vayda E. 1998. Women in medicine: toward a conceptual understanding of the potential for change. In Health and Canadian Society: Sociological Perspectives (3rd edn), Coburn D, D'Arcy C, Torrance GM (eds). University of Toronto Press: Toronto; 347-358.
45. Williamson O, Wachter M, Harris J. 1975. Understanding the employment relation: the analysis of idiosyncratic exchange. Bell Journal of Economics 6: 250-280.
46. Wright RE, McDade K. 1992. Barriers to the Recognition of the Credentials of Immigrants in Canada: An Analysis Using Census Data. Ontario: Secretary of State of Canada and Health and Welfare, Canada: Ottawa.
47. Wright R, Ellis MAF. 2000. The ethnic and gender division of labor compared among immigrants to Los Angeles. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24: 583-600.
48. Zweig D, Chen CG. 1995. China's Brain Drain to the US: Views of Overseas Chinese Students and Scholars in the 1990s. Chinese Research Monograph 47. University of California: Berkeley.