Efficacious of psychological treatments for drug-addiction: Nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and heroin;Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para la drogadicción: Nicotina, alcohol, cocaína y heroína

Psicothema

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 365-380

  Secades Villa, Roberto ^a   Fernández Hermida, José Ramón ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OVIEDO   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347420165     PISSN: 02149915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Abbott, P.J., Weller, S.R., Delaney, H.D. y Moore, B.A. (1998). Community reinforcement approach in the treatment of opiate addicts. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 24, 17-30.
2. Amass, L., Bickel, W.K., Crean, J.P., Higgins, S.T. y Badger, G.J. (1996). Preferences for clinic privileges, retails items and social activities in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 13, 43-49.
3. American Psychiatric Association (1994/1995). DSM-IV. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Barcelona: Masson.
4. American Psychiatric Association (1995). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with substance use disorders. Alcohol, cocaine, opioids. American Psychiatric Press.
5. American Psychiatric Association (1996). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with nicotine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1-31.
6. Annis, H.M. y Peachey, J.E. (1992). The use of calcium carbimide in relapse prevention counseling: Results of a randomized control trial. British Journal of Addcition, 87, 63-72.
7. Anton, R.F., Moak, D.H., Waid, L.R., Lalham, P.K., Malcolm, R.J. y Dias, J.K. (1999). Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of outpatient alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1.758-1.764.
8. Azrin, N.H. (1976). Improvements in the community reinforcement approach to alcoholism. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 339-348.
9. Azrin, N.H., Sisson, W., Meyers, R. y Godley, M. (1982). Alcoholism treatment by Disulfiram and community reinforcement therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 13, 105-112.
10. Baillie, A., Mattick, R., Hall, y Webster, P. (1994). Meta-analytic review of the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions. Drug and Alcohol Review, 13, 157-170.
11. Baker, T.B., Fox, B.J. y Hasselblad, V. (2000). Treating tobacco use and dependence. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD.:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service.
12. Becoña, E. y Vázquez, F.L. (1998). Tratamiento del tabaquismo. Madrid: Dykinson.
13. Bickel, W.K., Amass, L., Higgins, ST., Badger, GJ. y Esch, R.A. (1997). Effects of adding behavioral treatment to opioid detoxification with buprenorphine. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 803-810.
14. Bowers, T.G. y Al-Redha, M.R. (1990). A comparison of outcome with group/marital and standard/individual therapies with alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 51, 301-309.
15. Budney, A.J. y Higgins, S.T. (1998). A Community Reinforcement Approach: Treating Cocaine Addiction. Rockville, MD.: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
16. Carroll, K.M. (1996). Relapse prevention as a psychosocial treatment: a review of controlled clinical trials. Experimental and Clinical Psychophannacology, 4, 46-54.
17. Carroll, K.M. (1998). A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach: Treating Cocaine Addiction. Rockville, MD.: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
18. Carroll, K.M., Nich, C, Ball, S.A., McCance, E. y Rounsavile, BJ. (1998). Treatment of cocaine and alcohol dependence with psychotherapy and disulfiram. Addiction, 93, 713-727.
19. Carroll, K.M., Rounsaville, BJ. y Gawin, EH. (1991). A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers: Relapse prevention and interpersonal psychotherapy. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 17, 229-247.
20. Carroll, K.M., Rounsaville, BJ., Gordon, L.T., Nich, C, Jatlow, P.M., Bisighini, R.M. y Gawin, F.H. (1994). Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for cocaine abusers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 177-187.
21. Colleti, G., Supnick, J.A. y Rizzo, A.A. (1982). Long-term follow-up (3-4) years of treatment for smoking reduction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 7, 429-433.
22. Cooney, N.L., Kadden, R.M., Litt, M.D. y Gerter, H. (1991). Matching alcoholics to coping skills or interactional therapies: Two-years follow-up results. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 598-601.
23. Chaney, E.F., O'Leary, M.R. y Maria«, G.A. (1978). Skill training with alcoholics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1092-1104.
24. Chang, G., Carroll, K.M., Behr, H.M. y Kosten, T.R. (1992). Improving treatment outcome in pregnant opiate-dependent women. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9, 327-330.
25. Childress, A.R., Hole, A.V., Ehrman, R., Robbins, S.J., McLellan, A.T. y O'Brien, C.P. (1993). Reactividad ante estímulos en la dependencia de la cocaína y de los opiáceos: visión general de las estrategias para afrontar los deseos irresistibles de droga y la excitación condicionada. En M. Casas y M. Gossop (Coor.), Recaída y prevención de recaidas. Barcelona: Ediciones en Neurociencias.
26. Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T. y O'Brien, C.P. (1986). Conditioned responses in methadone population: A comparison of laboratory, clinic and natural setting. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 3, 173-179.
27. Chutuape, M.A., Silverman, K. y Stitzer, M.L. (1999). Use of methadone take-home contingencies with persistent opiate and cocaine abusers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16, 23-30.
28. Dawe, S., Powell, J., Richards, D., Gossop, M., Marks, I., Strang, J. y Gray, J.A. (1993). Does post-withdrawal cue exposure improve outcome in opiate addiction? A controlled trial. Addiction, 88, 1233-1245.
29. Eriksen, L., Björnstad, S. y Götestam, K.G. (1986). Social skills training in groups for alcoholics: One-year treatment outcome for groups and individuals. Addictive Behaviors, 11, 309-330.
30. Fernández Hermida, J.R. y Pérez Álvarez, M. (2001). Separando el grano de la paja en los tratamientos psicológicos, Psicothema, 13, 337-344.
31. Fernández Hermida, J.R. y Secades Villa, R. (1999). La evaluación de programas de tratamiento para drogodependientes en España. Psicothema, 11, 279-291.
32. Fernández Hermida, J.R. y Secades Villa, R. (2000). La evaluación de los programas de tratamiento en drogodependencias. Implicaciones profesionales para los psicólogos. Papeles del Psicólogo, 77, 46-57.
33. Ferrell, W.L. y Galassi, J.P. (1981). Assertion training and human relations training in the treatment of chronic alcoholics. International Journal of the Addictions, 16, 959-968.
34. Foxx, R.M., Brown, R.A. y Katz, I. (1981). Nicotine fading and self-monitoring for cigarette abstinence or controlled smoking: A two and one-half year follow-up. Behavior Therapist, 4, 21-23.
35. Gruber, K., Chutuape, M.A. y Stitzer, M.L. (2000). Reinforcement-based intensive outpatient treatment for inner city opiate abusers: a short-tern evaluation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 57, 211-223.
36. Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Gillmore, M.R. y Wells, E.A. (1989). Skills training for drug abusers: generalization, maintenance, and effects on drug use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 559-63.
37. Heather, N. (1995). Brief intervention strategies. En R.K. Hester y W.R. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of alcoholism treatment approaches. Effective alternatives. Needham Heights, MS.: Allyn & Bacon.
38. Higgins, S.T., Budney, A.J., Bickel, W.K., Hughes, J.R., Foerg, F. y Badger, G.J. (1993). Achieving cocaine abstinence with a behavioral approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 763-769.
39. Higgins, S.T., Budney, A.J., Bickel, W.K., Foerg, F., Donham, R. y Badger, G.J. (1994). Incentives improve outcome in outpatient behavioral treatment of cocaine dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 568-576.
40. Higgins, S.T., Budney, A.J., Bickel, W.K., Badger, G.J., Foerg, F.E. y Ogden, A.D. (1995). Outpatient behavioral treatment for cocaine dependence: one-year outcome. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 3, 205-212.
41. Higgins, S.T., Delaney, D.D., Budney, A.J., Bickel, W.K., Hughes, J.R., Foerg, F. y Fenwick, J.W. (1991). A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1.218-1.224.
42. Higgins, S.T.y Silverman, K. (Eds.)(1999). Motivating behavior change among illicit-drug abnsers: Research on contingency management interventions. San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.
43. Higgins, S.T., Stitzer, M.L., Bigelow, G.E. y Liebson, I.A. (1986). Contingent methadone delivery: effects on illicit-opiate use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 17, 311-322.
44. Higgins, S.T., Wong, C.J., Badger, G.J., Haug Ogden, D.E. y Dantona, R.L. (2000). Contingent reinforcement increases abstinence during outpatient treatment and 1 year of follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 64-72.
45. Holder, H.D., Cisler, R.A., Longabaugh, R., Stout, R.L., Treno, A.J. y Zweben, A. (2000). Alcoholism treatment and medical care costs from Project MATCH. Addiction, 95, 999-1013.
46. Holder, H.D., Longabaugh, R., Miller, W.R. y Rubonis, A.V. (1991). The cost effectiveness of treatment for alcoholism: a first approximation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, 517-540.
47. Hollonds, G.B., Oei, T.P. y Turecek, L.R. (1980). An evaluation of behaviour therapy programme as an intervention treatment for the fear of withdrawal with heroin-dependent persons. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 5, 153-160.
48. Hughes, J.R. (1995). Combining behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: an update. En L.S. Onken, J.D. Blaine y J.J. Boren (Eds.), Integrating behavioral therapies with medications in the treatment of drug dependence. NIDA Research Monograph 150. Rockville, MD.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service.
49. Hunt, G.M. y Azrin, N.H. (1973). A community-reinforcement approach to alcoholism. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 91-104.
50. Hunt, W.A., Barnett, L.W. y Branch, L.G. (1971). Relapse rates in addiction programs. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 455-456.
51. Iguchi, M.Y., Stitzer, M.L., Bigelow, G.E. y Liebson, I.A. (1988). Contingency management in methadone maintenance: Effects of reinforcing and aversive consequences on illicit polydrug use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 22, 1-7.
52. Irvin, I.E., Bowers, C.A., Dunn, M.E. y Wang, M.C. (1999). Efficacy of Relapse Prevention: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 563-570.
53. Jones, H.E., Haug, N.A., Stitzer, M.L. y Svikis, D.S. (2000). Improving treatment outcomes for pregnant drug-dependent women using low-magnitude voucher incentives. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 263-267.
54. Jones, S.L., Kanfer, R. y Lanyon, R.I. (1982). Skill training with alcoholics: A clinical extension. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 285-290.
55. Kasvikis, Y., Bradley, B., Powell, J., Marks, I. y Gray, J.A. (1991). Postwithdrawal exposure treatment to prevent relapse in opiate addicts: A pilot study. International Journal of the Addictions, 26, 1.187-1.195.
56. Kidorf, M. y Stitzer, M. (1996). Contingent use of take-homes and split-dosing to reduce illicit drug use of methadone patients. Behavior Therapy, 27, 41-51.
57. Kirby, K.C., Amass, L. y McLellan, A.T. (1999). Disseminating contingency-management research to drug abuse treatment practitioners. En S.T. Higgins y K. Silverman (Eds.), Motivating behavior change among illicit-drug abusers: Research on contingency management interventions. San Diego, CA.: Academic Press.
58. Kirby, K.C., Marlowe, D.B., Festinger, D.S, Lamb, R.J. y Platt, J.J. (1998). Schedule of voucher delivery influences initiation of cocaine abstinence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 761-767.
59. Kotte, T.E., Battista, R.N., DeFriese, G.H. y Brekke, M.L. (1988). Attributes of successful smoking cessation interventions in medical practice: a meta-analysis of 39 controlled trials. Journal of American Medical Association, 259, 2882-2889.
60. Lando, H.A. y McGovern, P.O. (1982). Three-year data on a behavioral treatment for smoking: a follow-up note. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 177-181.
61. López Ríos, F. y Gil Roales-Nieto, J. (1996). Conductas adictivas: modelos explicativos. En J. Gil Roales-Nieto (Ed.), Psicología de las Adicciones. Granada: Ediciones Némesis.
62. Magura, S., Casriel, C, Goldsmith, D.S., Strug, D.L. y Lipton, D.S. (1988). Contingency contracting with poli-drug abusing methadone patients. Addictive Behaviors, 13, 113-118.
63. Maisto, S.A., McKay, J.R. y O'Farrell, T.J. (1995). Relapse precipitants and behavioral marital therapy. Addictive Behaviors, 20, 383-393.
64. Mallams, J.H., Godley, M.D., Hall, G.M. y Meyers, R.J. (1982). A social-systems approach to resocializing alcoholics in the community. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43, 1115-1123.
65. Marlatt, G.A. y Gordon, J.R. (Eds.) (1985). Relapse prevention. Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors. New York: The Guilfod Press.
66. Mattick, R.P. y Jarvis, T. (Eds.) (1993). An outline for the management of alcohol problems: Quality assurance in the treatment of drug dependence project. Monograph series no 20. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
67. Maude-Griffin, P.M., Hohenstein, J.M., Humfleet, G.L., Reilly, P.M., Tusel, D.J. y Hall, S.M. (1998). Superior efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for urban crack cocaine abusers: main and matching effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 832-837.
68. McAuliffe, W.E., Ch'ien, J.M.N., Launer, E., Friedman, R. y Feldman, B. (1985). The Harvard group aftercare program: Preliminary evaluation results and implementation isues. En R.S. Ashery (Ed.), Progress in the development of cost-effective treatment for drug abusers (NIDA Research Monograph Series, no 58). Rockville, MD.: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
69. McCrady, B.S., Longabaugh, R., Fink, E., Stout, R., Beattie, M. y Ruggieri-Authelet, A. (1986). Cost effectiveness of alcoholism treatment in partial hospital versus inpatient settings after brief inpatient traatment: 12-month outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 708-713.
70. McCrady, B.S., Noel, N.E., Abrams, D.B., Stout, R.L., Nelson, H.F. y Hay W.M. (1986). Comparative effectiveness of three types of spouse involvement in outpatient behavioral alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47, 459-467.
71. McCrady, B.S., Stout, R., Noel, N.E., Abrams, D.B. y Nelson, H.F. (1991). Effectiveness of three types of spouse-involved behavioral alcoholism treatment. British Journal of Addictions, 86, 1415-1424.
72. Meyers, R.J. y Miller, W.R. (Eds.) (2000). A Community Reinforcement Approach to Addiction Treatment. Cambridge, UK.: Cambridge University Press.
73. Miller, W.R., Brown, J.M., Simpson, T.L., Handmaker, N.S., Bien, T.H., Luckie, L.F., Montgomery, H.A., Hester, R.K. y Tonigan, J.S. (1995). What works? A methodological analysis of the alcohol treatment outcome literature. En R.K. Hester y W.R. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of alcoholism treatment approaches. Effective alternatives. Needham Heights, MS.: Allyn & Bacon.
74. Miller, W.R., Meyers, RJ. y Hiller-Sturmhöfel, S. (1999). The Community-Reinforcement Aproach. Alcohol Research and Health, 23, 116-119.
75. Miller, W.R., Meyers, R.J. y Tonigan. J.S. (1999). Engaging the unmotivated in treatment for alcohol problems: a comparison of three strategies for intervention through family members. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 688-697.
76. Monti, P.M., Abrams, D.B., Binkoff, J.A., Zwick, W.R., Liepman, M.R., Nirenberg, T.D. y Rohsenow, DJ. (1990). Communication skills training with family and cognitive behavioral mood management training for alcoholics. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 51, 263-270.
77. Monti, P.M., Rohsenow, D.R., Colby, S.M. y Abrams, D.B. (1995). Coping and social skills training. En R.K. Hester y W.R. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of alcoholism treatment approaches. Effective alternatives. Needham Heights, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
78. Monti, P.M., Rohsenow, D.J., Rubonis, A.V., Niaura, R.S., Sirota, A.D., Colby, S.M., Goddard, P. y Abrams, D.B. (1993). Cue exposure with coping skills treatment for male alcoholics: a preliminary investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 1.011-1.019.
79. Murray, R.G. y Hobbs, S.A. (1981). Effects of self-reinforcement and self-punishment in smoking reduction: implications for broad-spectrum behavioral approaches. Addictive Behaviors, 6, 63-7.
80. Nathan, P.E. (1997). Substance use disorders in the DSM-IV. En O.A. Marlatt y G.R. VandenBos (Eds.), Addictive behaviors. Readings on etiology, prevention, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
81. National Institute on Drug Abuse (1999a). Principles of drug addiction treatment. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
82. National Institute on Drug Abuse (1999b). Measuring and Improving Cost, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit for Substance Abuse Treatment Programs. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
83. Nelson, R.O. (1987). DSM-III and behavioral assessment. En C.G. Last y M. Hersen (Eds.), Issues of Diagnostic Research. New York: Plenum Press.
84. Oei, T.P.S. y Jackson, P.R. (1980). Long-term effects of group and individual social skills training with alcoholics. Addictive Behaviors, 5, 129-136.
85. Oei, T.P.S. y Jackson, P.R. (1982). Social skills and cognitive behavioral approaches to the treatment of problem drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 43, 532-547.
86. O'Farrel, T.J. (1995). Marital and family therapy. En R.K. Hester y W.R. Miller (Eds.), Hanbook of alcoholism treatment approaches. Effective alternatives. Needham Heights, MS.: Allyn & Bacon.
87. O'Farrell, T.J., Cutter, H.S. y Floyd, RJ. (1985). Evaluating behavioral marital therapy for male alcoholics: effects on marital adjustement and communication from before to after treatment. Behavior Therapy, 16, 147-167.
88. O'Farrell, T.J., Choquette, K.A. y Cutter, H.S. (1998). Couples relapse prevention: sessions after behavioral marital therapy for male alcoholics: outcomes during the three years after starting treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 357-370.
89. O'Farrell, T.J., Choquette, K.A. y Cutter, U.S., Floyd, F.J., Bayog, R., Brown, E.D., Lowe, J., Chan, A. y Deneault, P. (1996). Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of behavioral marital therapy as an addition to outpatient alcoholism treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 8, 145-166.
90. O'Farrell, T.J., Choquette, K.A., Cutter, H.S., Brown, E.D. y McCourt, W.F. (1993). Behavioral marital therapy with and without additional couples relapse prevention sessions for alcoholics and their wives. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 54, 652-666.
91. O'Malley, S.S., Jaffe, A.J., Chang, G., Schottenfeld, R.S., Meyer, R.E. y Rounsaville. B. (1992). Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence: A controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 881-887.
92. Organización Mundial de la Salud (1992). CIE-10. Trastornos mentales y del comportamiento. Descripciones clfnicas y pautas para el diagnóslico. Ginebra.
93. Pomerleau, O.F. y Pomerleau, C.S. (1987). A biobehavioral view of substance abuse and addiction. Journal ofDrug Issues, 17, 111-131.
94. Powell, J., Gray, J. y Bradley, B. (1993). Subjective craving for opiates: evaluation of a cue exposure protocol for use with detoxified opiate addicts. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32, 39-53.
95. Preston, K.L., Silverman, K., Umbricht, A., DeJesus, A., Montoya, I.D. y Schuster, C.R. (1999). Improvement in naltrexone treatment compliance with contingency management. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 54, 127-135.
96. Roth, A. y Fonagy, P. (1996). What works for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research. NY/London: The Guilford Press.
97. Sánchez Meca, J., Olivares Rodríguez, J. y Rosa Alcázar, A.I. (1998). El problema de la adicción al tabaco: metaanálisis de las intervenciones conductuales en España. Psicothema, 10, 535-549.
98. Schwartz, J.L. (1987). Review and evaluation of smoking cessation methods: The United States and Canada, 1978-1985. Washington, DC.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service.
99. Shaner, A., Roberts, L.J., Eckman, TA., Tucker, D.E., Tsuang, J.W., Wilkins, J.N. y Mintz, J. (1997). Monetary reinforcement of abstinence from cocaine among mentally ill patients with cocaine dependence. Psychiatric Services, 48, 807-810.
100. Silverman, K., Chutuape, M.A., Bigelow, G.E. y Stitzer, M.L. (1999). Voucher-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients: effects of reinforcement magnitude. Psychopharmacology, 146, 128-138.
101. Silverman, K., Higgins, S.T., Brooner, R.K., Montoya, I.D., Cone, E.J., Schuster, C.R. y Preston, K.L. (1996). Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 409-415.
102. Silverman, K., Wong, C.J., Higgins, S.T., Brooner, R.K., Montoya, I.D., Contoreggi, C., Umbricht-Schneiter, A., Schuster, C.R. y Preston, K.L. (1996). Increasing opiate abstinence through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 41, 157-65.
103. Silverman, K., Wong, C.J., Umbricht-Schneiter, A., Montoya, I.D., Schuster, C.R. y Preston, K.L. (1998). Broad beneficial effects of cocaine abstinence reinforcement among methadone patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 811-824.
104. Sisson, R.W. y Azrin, N.H. (1986). Family-member involvement to initiate and promote treatment of problem drinkers. Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 17, 15-21.
105. Smith, J.E., Meyers, R.J. y Delaney, H.D. (1998). The community reinforcement approach with homeless alcohol-dependent individuals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 541-548.
106. Sobell, M.B., Sobell, L.C. y Gavin, D.R. (1995). Portraying alcohol treatment outcomes: Different yardsticks of success. Behavior Therapy, 26, 643-669.
107. Stitzer, M.L., Bickel, W.K., Bigelow, G.E. y Liebson, I.A. (1986). Effects of methadone dose contingencies on urianalysis test results of polydrug-abusing methadone-maintenance patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 18, 341-348.
108. Stitzer, M.L., Bigelow, G.E., Liebson, I.A. y Hawthorne, J.W. (1982). Contingent reinforcement of benzodiazepine-free urines: Evaluation of a drug abuse treatment intervention. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15, 493-503.
109. Stitzer, M.L., Iguchi, M.Y. y Felch, L.J. (1992). Contingent take-home incentive: effects on drug use of methadone-maintenance patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 927-934.
110. U.S.D.H.H.S. (1996). Clinical Practice Guideline no. 18. Smoking Cessation. Washington, DC.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
111. Viswesvaran, C. y Schmidt, F.L. (1992). A meta-analytic comparison of the effectiveness of smoking cessation methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 554-61.
112. Wells, E.A., Peterson, P.L., Gainey, R.R., Hawkins, J.D. y Catalano, R.F. (1994). Outpatient treatment of cocaine abuse: a controlled comparison of relapse prevention and twelve-step approaches. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 20, 1-17.
113. Wetter, D.W., Fiore, M.C., Gritz, E.R., Lando, H.A., Stitzer, M.L., Hasselblad, V. y Baker, T.B. (1998). The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline. Findings and implications for psychologist. American Psychologist, 53, 657-669.
114. Woody, G.E., Luborsky, L., McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P., Beck, A.T., Blaine, J., Herman, I. y Hole, A. (1983). Psychotherapy for opiate addicts. Does it Help? Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 639-645.
115. Woody, G.E., McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L. y O'Brien, C.P. (1987). Twelve-month follow-up of psychotherapy for opiate dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 590-596.