Waist-hip ratio is the dominant risk factor predicting cardiovascular death in Australia

Medical Journal of Australia

Volumn 179, Issue 11-12, 2003, Pages 580-585

  Welborn, Timothy A ^a   Dhaliwal, Satvinder S ^b   Bennett, Stanley A ^c  

^a SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND WELFARE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ANAMNESIS; ANGINA PECTORIS; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART DEATH; HEART DISEASE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OBESITY; PARALLEL DESIGN; PREDICTION; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0347407900     PISSN: 0025729X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05704.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva: WHO, 1998.
2. Stevens J, Cai J, Pamuk ER, et al. The effect of age on the association between body mass index and mortality. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1-7.
3. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 677-685.
4. Lee I-M, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, et al. Body weight and mortality: A 27 year follow-up of middle-aged men. JAMA 1993; 270: 2823-2828.
5. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 152: 501-513.
6. Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, et al. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 961-969.
7. Reaven GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev 1995; 75: 473-486.
8. Cameron AJ, Welborn TA, Zimmet PZ, et al. Over-weight and obesity in Australia: The 1999-2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Med J Aust 2003; 178: 427-432.
9. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ 1984; 288: 1401-1404.
10. Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: A 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ 1984; 289: 1257-1261.
11. Risk Factor Prevalence Study Management Committee. Risk Factor Prevalence Study Survey - No. 3, 1989. Canberra: National Heart Foundation of Australia and Australian Institute of Health, 1990.
12. Boyle CA, Dobson AJ, Egger G, Bennett SA. Waist-to-hip ratios in Australia: A different picture of obesity. Aust J Nutr Diet 1993; 50: 57-64.
13. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 9th Revision (ICD-9). Geneva: WHO, 1977.
14. World Health Oragnization. International Classification of Diseases. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO, 1998.
15. James WPT. The epidemiology of obesity. In: Chadwick DJ, Cardew G, editors. The Origins and Consequences of Obesity. Chichester: Wiley, 1996: 1-16. (Ciba Foundation Symposium 201).
16. Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Nakamura T. Molecular mechanism of metabolic syndrome X: Contribution of adipocytokines adipocyte-derived bioactive substances. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 892: 146-154.
17. Clarke R, Shipley M, Lewington S, et al. Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long term follow-up of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150: 341-353.
18. Woodward M, Oliphant J, Lowe G, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Contribution of contemporaneous risk factors to social inequality in coronary heart disease and death. Scottish Heart Cohort Studies Collaboration. Prev Med 2003; 36: 561-568.
19. Morris JN. Occupation and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1959; 104: 903-907.
20. Vague J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: A factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric-calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1956; 4: 20-34.
21. Bengtsson G, Bjorkelund C, Lapidus L, Lissner L. Associations of serum lipid concentrations and obesity with mortality in women: 20 year follow up of participants in prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ 1993; 307: 1385-1388.
22. Larsson B, Bengtsson C, Bjorntorp P, et al. Is abdominal body fat distribution a major explanation for the sex difference in the incidence of myocardial infarction? The study of men born in 1913 and the study of women, Göteborg, Sweden. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 266-273.
23. Prineas RJ, Folsom AR, Kaye SA. Central adiposity and increased risk of coronary artery disease mortality in older women. Ann Epidemiol 1993; 3: 35-41.
24. Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Bloom E, et al. Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet 1987; 1: 821-824.
25. Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Croft JB, et al. Relation of body fat distribution to ischaemic heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 53-63.
26. Pouliot M-C, Desprès JP, Lemieux S, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple arthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 460-468.
27. Samaras K, Campbell LV. The non-genetic determinants of central obesity. Int J Obesity 1997; 21: 839-845.
28. Zhu SK, Wang ZM, Heshka S, et al. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 743-749.
29. Siani AS, Cappucio FP, Barba G, et al. The relationship of waist circumference to blood pressure: The Olivetti Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 780-786.
30. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.