The awakened instinct: Vegetarianism and the women's suffrage movement in Britain

Women's History Review

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 271-287

  Leneman, Leah ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0347387179     PISSN: 09612025     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09612029700200144     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Votes for Women 1 Oct 1908. Maud was a niece of the famous violinist, Joachim
2. An exception is Julia Twigg (1982) The Vegetarian Movement in England 1847-1981 (unpublished PhD thesis: London), pp. 172-5
3. The Vote, Vol.1, p. 285; Vol.3, p. 180; Vol.7, p. 105. I am grateful to Elizabeth Crawford and Claire Eustance for these references
4. From The Star, quoted in The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review (hereafter VM&HR), Vol.14, p. 98 (May 1917)
5. The Humane Review, Vol.8, p. 163 (1907-8). The thrust of the article was the dehumanising effect of the prison regime. 1 am grateful to Chris Olivant of the Vegetarian Society for bringing this journal to my attention. Margaret was the author of a pamphlet entitled Mary Wollstonecraft and the Woman's Movement Today, published in about 1910
6. VM&HR, Vol.4, (1907) p. 88
7. B.M. Willmott Dobbie (1979) A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset (Batheaston), pp. 41, 46-7, 56
8. AJ.R. ed (1913) The Suffrage Annual and Women's Who's Who (London: Stanley Paul & Co), p. 343
9. Phoebe Hesketh (1966) My Aunt Edith (London: Peter Davis), pp. 82-5. I am grateful to Krista Cowman for this reference
10. VM&HR, Vol.6 (1909), p. 118
11. Leah Leneman (1995) A Guid Cause: the women's suffrage movement in Scotland (Edinburgh: Mercat Press), pp. 259 & 262
12. The Suffrage Annual, p. 210; VM&HR, Vol.14 (1917), pp. 54-5. Mrs Cohen also lived to be over 100
13. Constance Lytton (1914) Prisons and Prisoners: some personal experiences (London: William Heinemann), pp. 2, 74, 100, 243, 276-7
14. Marij van Helmond (1992), Votes for Women - the events on Merseyside 1870-1928 (National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside), p. 64. I am grateful ti Marij van Helmond for advising me, in a letter of 17 January 1997, that Alice Ker was a vegetarian
15. VM&HR, Vol.29 (1932), p. 258
16. Astonishingly, her biographer Gifford Lewis (1988) Eva Gore Booth and Esther Roper: a biography (London: Pandora), although well aware of Charlotte Despard's vegetarianism, seemed unaware that her own subject was also a vegetarian
17. Sheila Peacock (1983) Votes for Women: the women's fight in Portsmouth (City of Portsmouth), p. 8
18. June Hannan (1989) Isabella Ford (Oxford; Basil Blackwell), p. 13. Her whole family were anti-vivisectionists, and Isabella was also chair of the Leeds branch of the RSPCA Letter from June Hannam 25 November 1996
19. Lytton, Prisons and Prisoners, p. 2. Her sister wrote that In consequence of her increasing rheumatic tendency she adopted a vegetarian diet, which she had always preferred, and which Aunt T. had for long recommended. It apparently to a great degree cured her rheumatism, but her heart remained permanently affected
20. Letters to Constance Lytton, p. 113
21. VM&HR, Vol.12, (1915), p. 13
22. Joel H. Kaplan and Sheila Stowell (1994) Theatre and Fashion - Oscar Wilde to the Suffragettes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 180
23. Votes for Women, Vol.2, (1909), pp. 352, 377, 425. There was no response from the organisers of the stall
24. See Mary Ann Elston (1987) Women and Anti-vivisection in Victorian England, 1870-1900 in Nicholas A Rupke ed., Vivisection in Historical Perspective (London: Croom Helm), pp. 259-94
25. Hilda Kean (1995) The 'Smooth Cool Men of Science': the feminist and socialist response to vivisection, History Workshop Journal, Vol.40, pp. 16-38
26. Coral Lansbury (1985) The Old Brown Dog - women, workers and vivisection in Edwardian England (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press). Lansbury states that medical students linked anti-vivisectionists with suffragettes, but that theme is not further explored in her book
27. Quoted in Lansbury, The Old Brown Dog, p. 128
28. Diana Burfield (1983) Theosophy and Feminism: some explorations in nineteenth-century biography' in Pat Holden ed., Women's Religious Experience: cross cultural perspectives (London & Canberra: Croom Helm), pp. 35-6
29. In 1915 she and her husband, James, went to India, where she was active in theosophical circles. See Catherine Candy, 'Relating feminisms, nationalism and imperialisms: Ireland, India and Margaret Cousins's sexual politics' in Women's History Review, Vol.3 No.4 (1994), Special Issue Feminism, Imperialism and Race: a dialogue between Indian and Britain, edited by Barbara N. Ramusack & Antoinette Burton
30. VM&HR, Vol.10 (1913), p. 308
31. I am grateful to Katharine Cockin for bringing this play to my attention. For the company see Katharine Cockin (1994) The Pioneer Players (1911-25): a cultural history (unpublished PhD thesis: Leicester)
32. Florence Edgar Hobson (1912) A Modern Crusader (London), pp. 8-9
33. Twigg, 'The Vegetarian Movement in England', p. 332
34. VM&HR, Vol.9 (1912), p. 345. The extract from the paper is signed 'W.D.' Could this have been Marion Wallace Dunlop? One can only speculate
35. VM&HR, Vol.11 (1914), pp. 157-8. The reporter from the Daily Mail, who went to hear her speak under the auspices of the Glasgow Vegetarian Society, expected to see 'someone square jawed, high browed, slightly angular, and severely and intellectually frugal looking' but 'here instead was a pretty, little, plump woman, with kind brown eyes, eyes that twinkle... She was not even dowdy and undecorative. Her blue dress was... pretty as anyone could wish'. The reporter was 'almost converted to vegetarianism' by her use of 'straight, hard logic' Ibid., p. 163
36. Charlotte Despard (1913) Theosophy and the Women's Movement (London: Theosophical Publishing Society) p. 44
37. Lewis, Eva Gore Booth and Esther Roper, p. 169
38. Gertrude Colmore, who wrote a 'Life' of Emily Wilding Davison, was also an animal rights activist, a Theosophist, and a pacifist. L. Stanley with A. Morley, The life and death of Emily Wilding Davison (London: The Women's Press, 1988), pp. 98 and 107. The authors comment (p. 126) that a 'concern for animal rights was also shared by Emily Davison' but do not explore this further. Vegetarianism is not mentioned
39. Colin Spencer (1994) The Heretic's Feast - a history of vegetarianism (London: Fourth Estate), pp. 284-5 & 294. Spencer argues that vegetarians were 'firmly outsiders and would remain so', a debateable statement
40. VM&HR, Vol.7 (1910), p. 167