Effects of Small-Scale Prehistoric Runoff Agriculture on Soil Fertility: The Developing Picture from Upland Terraces in the American Southwest

Geoarchaeology - An International Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 291-313

  Sullivan III, Alan P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDISOL; CALCIUM CARBONATE; ECOZONE; MOLLISOL; PREHISTORIC; RUNOFF; SOIL FERTILITY; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; TERRACE; UPLAND REGION;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0347367393     PISSN: 08836353     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6548(200004)15:4<291::AID-GEA1>3.0.CO;2-K     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Adams, W.Y., Lindsay, A.J., Jr., & Turner, C.G., II (1961). Survey and excavations in Lower Glen Canyon, 1952-1958, Bulletin 36, Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona.
2. Arrhenius, O. (1963). Investigation of soil from old Indian sites. Ethnos, 2-4, 122-136.
3. Berlin, G.L., Salas, D.E., & Geib, P.R. (1990). A prehistoric Sinagua agricultural site in the ashfall zone of Sunset Crater, Arizona. Journal of Field Archaeology, 17, 1-16.
4. Bohrer, V.L. (1981). Methods of recognizing cultural activity from pollen in archaeological sites. The Kiva, 46, 135-142.
5. Bozarth, S. (1992). Fossil pollen and phytolith analysis. In S.M. Whittlesey (Ed.), Archaeological investigations at Lee Canyon: Kayenta Anasazi farmsteads in the Upper Basin, Coconino County, Arizona (pp. 135-144), Technical Series No. 38, Tucson, Arizona: Statistical Research, Inc.
6. Bradfield, M. (1971). The changing pattern of Hopi agriculture. Occasional Paper No. 30, London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
7. Brewer, D.G., Jorgensen, R.K., Muck, L.P., Robbie, W.A., & Travis, J.L. (1991). Terrestrial ecosystem survey of the Kaibab National Forest. Albuquerque, New Mexico: USDA Forest Service.
8. Brown, D.E., & Lowe, C.H. (1994). Biotic communities of the Southwest, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
9. Butzer, K. (1982). Archaeology as human ecology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10. Christenson, A.L. (1992). Ceramics. In S.M. Whittlesey (Ed.), Archaeological investigations at Lee Canyon: Kayenta Anasazi farmsteads in the Upper Basin, Coconino County, Arizona (pp. 75-89), Technical Series No. 38, Tucson, Arizona: Statistical Research, Inc.
11. Clary, W.P. (1987). Herbage production and livestock grazing of pinyon-juniper woodlands. In R.L. Everett (Comp.), Proceedings - Pinyon-Juniper Conference (pp. 440-447), General Technical Report INT-215, Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station.
12. Courty, M.A., Goldberg, P., & Macphail, R. (1989). Soils and micromorphology in archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13. Cummings, L.S. (1994). Pollen and phytolith analysis of sediments from agricultural terraces, site MU 125A, Kaibab National Forest, Arizona, Technical Report 94-06, Denver, Colorado: Paleoresearch Laboratories.
14. Cummings, L.S., and Puseman, K. (1997). Pollen and macrofloral analyses at sites MU 125 and MU 125A, Arizona, Technical Report 97-45, Denver, Colorado: Paleoresearch Laboratories.
15. DeBano, L.F., Perry, H.M., & Overby, S.T. (1987). Effects of fuelwood harvesting and slash burning on biomass and nutrient relationships in a pinyon-juniper stand. In R.L. Everett (Comp.), Proceedings -Pinyon-Juniper Conference (pp. 382-386), General Technical Report INT-215, Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station.
16. Donkin, R.A. (1979). Agricultural terracing in the aboriginal New World, Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 56, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
17. Doolittle, W.E. (1985). The use of check dams for protecting downstream agricultural lands in the prehistoric Southwest: a contextual analysis. Journal of Anthropological Research, 41, 279-305.
18. Doolittle, W.E., & Frederick, C.D. (1991). Phytoliths as indicators of prehistoric maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, Poaceae) cultivation. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 177, 175-184.
19. Doolittle, W.E., Neely, J.A., & Pool, M.D. (1993). A method for distinguishing between prehistoric and recent water and soil control features. Kiva: The Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History, 59, 7-25.
20. Eidt, R.C. (1985). Theoretical and practical considerations in the analysis of anthrosols. In G. Rapp, Jr. & J.A. Gifford (Eds.), Archaeological geology (pp. 155-190), New Haven: Yale University Press.
21. Erdman, J.A. (1970). Pinyon-juniper succession after natural fires on residual soils of Mesa Verde, Colorado, Science Bulletin, Biological Series XI (3), Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University.
22. Euler, R.C. (1987). A Kayenta Anasazi agricultural community north of the Rio Colorado, unpublished manuscript.
23. Euler, R.C. (1992). Grand Canyon Indians. In R.C. Euler & F. Tikalsky (Eds.), The Grand Canyon: Intimate views (pp. 43-59), Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
24. Fish, S.K., Fish, P.R., & Downum, C.E. (1984). Hohokam terraces and agricultural production in the Tucson Basin. In S.K. Fish & P.R. Fish (Eds.), Prehistoric agricultural strategies in the Southwest (pp. 55-71), Anthropological Research Papers No. 33, Tempe: Arizona State University.
25. Foss, J.E., Lewis, R.J., Timpson, M.E., & Lee, S.Y. (1999). Soils of Thuburbo Maius. American Journal of Archaeology, 99, 573-576.
26. Hack, J.T. (1942). The changing physical environment of the Hopi Indians of Arizona, Papers of the Peabody Museum 35, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology.
27. Hall, E.T., Jr. (1942). Archaeological survey of Walhalla Glades, Bulletin 20, Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona.
28. Hendricks, D.M. (1985). Arizona soils, Tucson: University of Arizona College of Agriculture.
29. Holliday, V.T., Ferring, C.R., & Goldberg, P. (1993). The scale of soil investigations in archaeology. In J.K. Stein & A.R. Linse (Eds.), Effects of scale on archaeological and geoscientific perspectives (pp. 29-37), Special Paper 283, Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America.
30. Homburg, J.A. (1992). Soil fertility study. In S.M. Whittlesey (Ed.), Archaeological investigations at Lee Canyon: Kayenta Anasazi farmsteads in the Upper Basin, Coconino County, Arizona (pp. 145-161), Technical Series No. 38, Tucson, Arizona: Statistical Research, Inc.
31. Homburg, J.A., & Sandor, J.A. (1998). An agronomic study of two Classic Period agricultural fields in the Horseshoe Basin. In S.M. Whittlesey, R. Ciolek-Torrello, & J.H. Altschul (Eds.), Vanishing river: Landscapes and lives of the Lower Verde Valley (pp. 127-147), Tucson, Arizona: SRI Press, Inc.
32. Hopkins, R.L. (1990). Kaibab formation. In S.S. Beus & M. Morales (Eds.), Grand Canyon geology (pp. 225-245), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
33. Jacobsen, T., & Adams, R.M. (1958). Salt and silt in ancient Mesopotamian agriculture. Science, 128, 1251-1258.
34. Jennings, J.D. (1966). Glen Canyon: A summary, Anthropological Papers No. 81, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
35. Klopatek, J.H. (1987). Nutrient patterns and succession in pinyon-juniper ecosystems of northern Arizona. In R.L. Everett (Comp.), Proceedings-Pinyon-Juniper Conference (pp. 391-396), General Technical Report INT 215, Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station.
36. Limbrey, S. (1975). Soil science and archaeology, London: Academic Press.
37. Lindsay, A.J., Jr. (1961). The Beaver Creek agricultural community on the San Juan River, Utah. American Antiquity, 27, 174-187.
38. Martin, P.S., & Byers, W. (1965). Pollen and archaeology at Wetherill Mesa. In D. Osborne (Assem.), Contributions of the Wetherill Mesa Archaeological Project (pp. 122-135), Memoir No. 19, Society for American Archaeology. Salt Lake City.
39. Metzger, D.G. (1961). Geology in relation to availability of water along the South Rim, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, Water Supply Paper 1475-C, Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.
40. Mobley-Tanaka, J.L., & Eddy, F.W. (1995). Check dams at Chimney Rock Mesa: agricultural strategies in a marginal environment. Kiva: The Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History, 60, 429-442.
41. Muenchrath, D.A., & Salvador, R.J. (1995). Maize productivity and agroecology: effects of environment and agricultural practices on the biology of maize. In H.W. Toll (Ed.), Soil, water, biology, and belief in prehistoric and traditional Southwestern agriculture (pp. 303-333), Albuquerque: New Mexico Archaeological Council.
42. Plog, F.T., & Garrett, C.K. (1972). Explaining variability in prehistoric Southwestern water control systems. In M.P. Leone (Ed.), Contemporary archaeology: A guide to theory and contributions (pp. 280-288), Carbondale: Southern University Illinois Press.
43. Prevost, D.J., Ahrens, R.J., & Kriz, D.M. (1984). Traditional Hopi agricultural methods. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 39, 170-171.
44. Quine, T.A. (1995). Soil analysis and archaeological site formation studies. In A.J. Barham & R.I. Macphail (Eds.), Archaeological sediments and soils: Analysis, interpretation and management (pp. 77-98), London: Institute of Archaeology, University College.
45. Rand, P.J. (1965). Factors related to the distribution of ponderosa and pinyon pines at Grand Canyon, Arizona, doctoral dissertation, Duke University, Durham (unpublished).
46. Sandor, J.A. (1992). Long-term effects of prehistoric agriculture on soils: examples from New Mexico and Peru. In V.T. Holliday (Ed.), Soils in archaeology: Landscape evolution and human occupation (pp. 217-245), Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
47. Sandor, J.A. (1995). Searching soil for clues about Southwest prehistoric agriculture. In H.W. Toll (Ed.), Soil, water, biology, and belief in prehistoric and traditional Southwestern agriculture (pp. 119-138), Albuquerque: New Mexico Archaeological Council.
48. Sandor, J.A., & Gersper, P.L. (1988). Evaluation of soil fertility in some prehistoric agricultural terraces in New Mexico. Agronomy Journal, 50, 846-850.
49. Sandor, J.A., Gersper, P.L., & Hawley, J.W. (1986). Soils at prehistoric agricultural terracing sites in New Mexico: I, II, III. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50, 166-180.
50. Sandor, J.A., Gersper, P.L., & Hawley, J.W. (1990). Prehistoric agricultural terraces and soils in the Mimbres area, New Mexico. World Archaeology, 22, 70-86.
51. Schaber, G.G., & Gumerman, G.J. (1969). Infrared scanning images: an archaeological application. Science, 164, 712-713.
52. Schwartz, D.W. (1990). On the edge of splendor: Exploring Grand Canyon's human past, Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
53. Schwartz, D.W., Kepp, J., & Chapman, R.C. (1981). Archaeology of the Grand Canyon: Walhalla Plateau, Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
54. Soil Survey Staff (1998). Keys to soil taxonomy (8th ed.), Washington, DC: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
55. Stein, J.K. (1984). Organic matter and carbonates in archaeological sites. Journal of Field Archaeology, 11, 239-246.
56. Stewart, G.R. (1940). Conservation in pueblo agriculture. The Scientific Monthly, LI, 1-32.
57. Stewart, G.R., & Donnelly, M. (1943). Soil and water economy in the Pueblo Southwest. The Scientific Monthly, LVI, 31-44, 134-144.
58. Strahler, A.N. (1944). A guide to the East Kaibab monocline in the Grand Canyon region. Plateau, 17, 1-13.
59. Sullivan, A.P., III (1996). Risk, anthropogenic environments, and Western Anasazi subsistence. In J.A. Tainter and B.B. Tainter (Eds.), Evolving complexity and environmental risk in the prehistoric Southwest (pp. 145-167). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
60. Sullivan, A.P., III (1997). Theoretical implications of regional variation in prehistoric puebloan subsistence and settlement patterns in the Grand Canyon area. 62nd Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, Nashville, Tennessee.
61. Sullivan, A.P., III, Becher, M.E., & Downum, C.E. (1995). Tusayan White Ware chronology: New dendrochronological and archaeological evidence. Kiva: The Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History, 61, 175-188.
62. Sullivan, A.P., III, Tolonen, A.S., & Quinn, K. (1994). Preliminary report of archaeological investigations conducted at site MU 125A, Tusayan Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, Coconino County, Arizona. Williams, Arizona: Kaibab National Forest.
63. Troeh, F.R., & Thompson, L.M. (1993). Soils and soil fertility, New York: Oxford University Press.
64. Waters, M.R. (1992). Principles of geoarchaeology: A North American perspective. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
65. West, N.E. (1983). Great-Basin - Colorado Plateau sagebrush semi-Desert. In N.E. West (Ed.), Temperate deserts and semi-deserts (pp. 331-349), Amsterdam: Elsevier.
66. West, N.E. (1984). Successional patterns and productivity potentials of pinyon-juniper ecosystems. In National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences (Comps.), Developing strategies for range-land management (pp. 1301-1332). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
67. Whitelaw, T.M. (1991). The ethnoarchaeology of recent rural settlement and land use in northwest Keos. In J.F. Cherry, J.L. Davis, & E. Mantzourani (Eds.), Landscape archaeology as long-term history (pp. 403-454), Monumenta Archaeologica Vol. 16, Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California.
68. Whittlesey, S.M., & Homburg, J.A. (1992). Excavation results. In S.M. Whittlesey (Ed.), Archaeological investigations at Lee Canyon: Kayenta Anasazi farmsteads in the Upper Basin, Coconino County, Arizona (pp. 47-73), Technical Series No. 38, Tucson, Arizona: Statistical Research, Inc.
69. Woodbury, R.B. (1961). Prehistoric agriculture at Point of Pines, Arizona, Memoir No. 17, Society for American Archaeology. Salt Lake City.
70. Wright, H.A., Neuenschwander, L.F., & Britton, C.M. (1979). The role and use of fire in sagebrush-grass and pinyon-juniper plant communities, General Technical Report INT-58, Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.