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Reductions of the methyl ester (see ref 10) and ethyl ester (see ref 16) derivatives have been described previously.
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The alcohols can be obtained also from ring opening of the corresponding epoxides; see ref 11 and references therein.
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The tert-butyl glyoxylate was synthesized via an oxidative cleavage ofdi-tert-butyl tartrate, which was obtained by esterification of L-tartaric acid with a tert-butyl dicyclohexyl isourea derivative according to ref 45. See also the Experimental Section.
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12244270993
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Since successful enzymatic reductions of N-protected γ-amino-β-keto esters using microorganisms have been reported (see refs 4 and 5), we tried both baker's yeast and Pichia anomala (also known as Hansenula anomala) in reductions of 1. However, both reactions failed, as no alcohol product could be detected by NMR spectroscopy, probably as a result of the nonfavored distance between the two keto ester carbonyl groups in 1. Therefore, this route to alcohols 2 and 3 was not further explored.
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4 according to ref 48.
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3 in THF at -5 °C on a substrate in which the N-carbamate protecting group had been replaced by the more sterically demanding N-trityl group to obtain Felkin-Anh control (the syn-isomer). However, in contrast to Hoffman et al., we wanted to use the same starting material for selective synthesis of both alcohol derivatives without changing protecting groups. Therefore we focused our efforts on finding reducing agents that favored the Felkin-Anh-controlled mechanism.
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44
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58149364525
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