Localized Effects of cAMP Mediated by Distinct Routes of Protein Kinase A

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 137-167

  Taskén, Kjetil ^a   Aandahl, Einar Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE CYCLASE; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE ANCHORING PROTEIN; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; ION CHANNEL; PHOSPHODIESTERASE;

ADIPOCYTE; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; CELL NUCLEUS; CENTROSOME; CHROMATIN CONDENSATION; CYTOSKELETON; EXOCYTOSIS; GENE CONTROL; IMMUNOREGULATION; METABOLIC REGULATION; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STEROIDOGENESIS;

ANIMALS; CARRIER PROTEINS; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0347359224     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2003     Document Type: Review

References (371)

1. Aandahl EM, Aukrust P, Muller F, Hansson V, Tasken K, and Froland SS. Additive effects of IL-2 and protein kinase A type I antagonist on function of T cells from HIV-infected patients on HAART. AIDS 13: F. 109-F. 114, 1999.
2. Aandahl EM, Aukrust P, Skalhegg BS, Muller F, Froland SS, Hansson V, and Tasken K. Protein kinase A type I antagonist restores immune responses of T cells from HIV-infected patients. FASEB J 12: 855-862, 1998.
3. Adachi Y, Luke M, and Laemmli UK. Chromosome assembly in vitro: topoisomerase II is required for condensation. Cell 64: 137-148, 1991.
4. Adams BA and Beam KG. Muscular dysgenesis in mice: a model system for studying excitation-contraction coupling. FASEB J 4: 2809-2816, 1990.
5. Agnew BJ, Duman JG, Watson CL, Coling DE, and Forte JG. Cytological transformations associated with parietal cell stimulation: critical steps in the activation cascade. J Cell Sci 112: 2639-2646, 1999.
6. Algrain M, Turunen O, Vaheri A, Louvard D, and Arpin M. Ezrin contains cytoskeleton and membrane binding domains accounting for its proposed role as a membrane-cytoskeletal linker. J Cell Biol 120: 129-139, 1993.
7. Alto NM, Soderling J, and Scott JD. Rab32 is an A-kinase anchoring protein and participates in mitochondrial dynamics. J Cell Biol 158: 659-668, 2002.
8. Alto NM, Soderling SH, Hoshi N, Langeberg LK, Fayos MR, Jennings PA, and Scott JD. Bioinformatic design of AKAP "insilico": a potent and selective peptide antagonist of type II protein kinase A anchoring. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 4445-4450, 2003.
9. Amano M, Mukai H, Ono Y, Chihara K, Matsui T, Hamajima Y, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, and Kaibuchi K. Identification of a putative target for Rho as the serine-threonine kinase protein kinase N. Science 271: 648-650, 1996.
10. Ammala C, Eliasson L, Bokvist K, Berggren PO, Honkanen RE, Sjoholm A, and Rorsman P. Activation of protein kinases and inhibition of protein phosphatases play a central role in the regulation of exocytosis in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 4343-4347, 1994.
11. Angelo R and Rubin CS. Molecular characterization of an anchor protein (AKAPCE) that binds the RI subunit (RCE) of type I protein kinase A from Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 273: 14633-14643, 1998.
12. Angelo RG and Rubin CS. Characterization of structural features that mediate the tethering of Caenorhabditis elegans protein kinase A to a novel A kinase anchor protein. Insights into the anchoring of PKAI isoforms. J Biol Chem 275: 4351-4362, 2000.
13. Anholt RR, Pedersen PL, De Souza EB, and Snyder SH. The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor. Localization to the mitochondrial outer membrane. J Biol Chem 261: 576-583, 1986.
14. Arreola J, Calvo J, Garcia MC, and Sanchez JA. Modulation of calcium channels of twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the frog by adrenaline and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J Physiol 393: 307-330, 1987.
15. Aukrust P, Aandahl EM, Skalhegg BS, Nordoy I, Hansson V, Tasken K, Froland SS, and Muller F. Increased activation of protein kinase A type I contributes to the T cell deficiency in common variable immunodeficiency. J Immunol 162: 1178-1185, 1999.
16. 2+-triggered membrane association with selectivity for interaction with phosphatidic acid. J Biol Chem 277: 28298-28309, 2002.
17. i. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 940-945, 2003.
18. 2/M and enters vesicles at anaphase. EMBO J 8: 3985-3995, 1989.
19. Bailly E, Pines J, Hunter T, and Bornens M. Cytoplasmic accumulation of cyclin B1 in human cells: association with a detergent-resistant compartment and with the centrosome. J Cell Sci 101: 529-545, 1992.
20. Banke TG, Bowie D, Lee H, Huganir RL, Schousboe A, and Traynelis SF. Control of GluR1 AMPA receptor function by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Neurosci 20: 89-102, 2000.
21. Banky P, Huang LJ, and Taylor SS. Dimerization/docking domain of the type Ialpha regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Requirements for dimerization and docking are distinct but overlapping. J Biol Chem 273: 35048-35055, 1998.
22. Banky P, Newlon MG, Roy M, Garrod S, Taylor SS, and Jennings PA. Isoform-specific differences between the type Ialpha and IIalpha cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring domains revealed by solution NMR. J Biol Chem 275: 35146-35152, 2000.
23. Beard MB, Huston E, Campbell L, Gall I, McPhee I, Yarwood S, Scotland G, and Houslay MD. In addition to the SH3 binding region, multiple regions within the N-terminal noncatalytic portion of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4A5, contribute to its intracellular targeting. Cell Signal 14: 453-465, 2002.
24. Beard MB, O'Connell JC, Bolger GB, and Houslay MD. The unique N-terminal domain of the cAMP phosphodiesterase PDE4D4 allows for interaction with specific SH3 domains. FEBS Lett 460: 173-177, 1999.
25. Benovic JL, Pike LJ, Cerione RA, Staniszewski C, Yoshimasa T, Codina J, Caron MG, and Lefkowitz RJ. Phosphorylation of the mammalian beta-adrenergic receptor by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Regulation of the rate of receptor phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by agonist occupancy and effects on coupling of the receptor to the stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. J Biol Chem 260: 7094-7101, 1985.
26. Bergman M, Mustelin T, Oetken C, Partanen J, Flint NA, Amrein KE, Autero M, Burn P, and Alitalo K. The human p50csk tyrosine kinase phosphorylates p561ck at Tyr-505 and down regulates its catalytic activity. EMBO J 11: 2919-2924, 1992.
27. Bers DM. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Nature 415: 198-205, 2002.
28. Bers DM and Ziolo MT. When is cAMP not cAMP? Effects of compartmentalization. Circ Res 89: 373-375, 2001.
29. Beullens M, Van Eynde A, Bollen M, and Stalmans W. Inactivation of nuclear inhibitory polypeptides of protein phosphatase-1 (NIPP-1) by protein kinase A. JBiol Chem 268: 13172-13177, 1993.
30. Billadeau DD and Leibson PJ. ITAMS versus ITIMs: striking a balance during cell regulation J Clin Invest 109: 161-168, 2002.
31. Bishop AL and Hall A. Rho GTPases and their effector proteins Biochem J 348: 241-255, 2000.
32. Blank T, Nijholt I, Teichert U, Kugler H, Behrsing H, Fienberg A, Greengard P, and Spiess J. The phosphoprotein DARPP32 mediates cAMP-dependent potentiation of striatal N-methyl-D-aspartate responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 14859-14864, 1997.
33. Bornens M. Centrosome composition and microtubule anchoring mechanisms. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14: 25-34, 2002.
34. Bos JL. All in the family? New insights and questions regarding interconnectivity of Ras, Rap1 and Ra1. EMBO J 17: 6776-6782, 1998.
35. Boujrad N, Gaillard JL, Garnier M, and Papadopoulos V. Acute action of choriogonadotropin on Leydig turner cells: induction of a higher affinity benzodiazepine-binding site related to steroid biosynthesis. Endocrinology 135: 1576-1583, 1994.
36. Boujrad N, Vidic B, and Papadopoulos V. Acute action of choriogonadotropin on Leydig tumor cells: changes in the topography of the mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor. Endocrinalogy 137: 5727-5730, 1996.
37. Bourne HR, Sanders DA, and McCormick F. The GTPase Superfamily: a conserved switch for diverse cell functions. Nature 348: 125-132, 1990.
38. Bourne HR, Sanders DA, and McCormick F. The GTPase Superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism. Nature 349: 117-127, 1991.
39. Boussiotis VA, Freeman GJ, Berezovskaya A, Barber DL, and Nadler LM. Maintenance of human T cell anergy: blocking of IL-2 gene transcription by activated Rap1. Science 278: 124-128, 1997.
40. Brdicka T, Pavlistova D, Leo A, Bruyns E, Korinek V, Angelisova P, Scherer J, Shevchenko A, Hilgert I, Cerny J, Drbal K, Kuramitsu Y, Kornacker B, Horejsi V, and Schraven B. Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (PAG), a novel ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein, binds the protein tyrosine kinase csk and is involved in regulation of T cell activation. J Exp Med 191: 1591-1604, 2000.
41. Bregman DB, Bhattacharyya N, and Rubin CS. High affinity binding protein for the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II. B. Cloning, characterization, and expression of cDNAs for rat brain P150. J Biol Chem 264: 4648-4656, 1989.
42. Broillet MC and Firestein S. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Molecular mechanisms of activation. Ann NY Acad Sci 868: 730-740, 1999.
43. Brokaw CJ. Regulation of sperm flagellar motility by calcium and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. J Cell Biochem 35: 175-184, 1987.
44. Burns-Hamuro LL, Ma Y, Kammerer S, Reineke U, Self C, Cook C, Olson G, Cantor CR, Braun A, and Taylor SS. Designing isoform-specific peptide disruptors of protein kinase A localization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 4072-4077, 2003.
45. Burton KA, Treash-Osio B, Muller CH, Dunphy EL, and McKnight GS. Deletion of type IIalpha regulatory subunit delocalizes protein kinase A in mouse sperm without affecting motility or fertilization. J Biol Chem 274: 24131-24136, 1999.
46. Carlson CR, Witczak O, Vossebein L, Labbe JC, Skalhegg BS, Keryer G, Herberg FW, Collas P, and Tasken K. Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA works as a molecular switch that promotes dissociation of RIIalpha from centrosomes at mitosis. J Cell Sci 114: 3243-3254, 2001.
47. Carr DW, Demanno DA, Atwood A, Hunzicker-Dunn M, and Scott JD. Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of A-kinase anchoring proteins in granulosa cells J. Biol Chem 268: 20729-20732, 1993.
48. Carr DW, Fujita A, Stentz CL, Liberty GA, Olson GE, and Narumiya S. Identification of sperm-specific proteins that interact with A-kinase anchoring proteins in a manner similar to the type II regulatory subunit of PKA. J Biol Chem 276: 17332-17338, 2001.
49. Carr DW, Hausken ZE, Fraser ID, Stofko-Hahn RE, and Scott JD. Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain. J Biol Chem 267: 13376-13382, 1992.
50. Carr DW, Stofko-Hahn RE, Fraser ID, Bishop SM, Acott TS, Brennan RG, and Scott JD. Interaction of the regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with RII-anchoring proteins occurs through an amphipathic helix binding motif. J Biol Chem 266: 14188-14192, 1991.
51. Carr DW, Stofko-Hahn RE, Fraser ID, Cone RD, and Scott JD. Localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the postsynaptic densities by A-kinase anchoring proteins. Characterization of AKAP 79. J Biol Chem 267: 16816-16823, 1992.
52. Carrera A, Gerton GL, and Moss SB. The major fibrous sheath polypeptide of mouse sperm: structural and functional similarities to the A-kinase anchoring proteins. Dev Biol 165: 272-284, 1994.
53. Catterall WA. Excitation-contraction coupling in vertebrate skeletal muscle: a tale of two calcium channels. Cell 64: 871-874, 1991.
54. Cederberg A, Gronning LM, Ahren B, Tasken K, Carlsson P, and Enerback S. Foxc2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and diet-induced insulin resistance. Cell 106: 563-573, 2001.
55. Cerne R, Rusin KI, and Randic M. Enhancement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate response in spinal dorsal horn neurons by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Neurosci Lett 161: 124-128, 1993.
56. Chaudhry A, Zhang C, and Granneman JG. Characterization of RII(beta) and D-AKAP1 in differentiated adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 282: C205-C212, 2002.
57. Chen Q, Lin RY, and Rubin CS. Organelle-specific targeting of protein kinase AII (PKAII). Molecular and in situ characterization of murine A kinase anchor proteins that recruit regulatory subunits of PKAII to the cytoplasmic surface of mitochondria. J Biol Chem 272: 15247-15257, 1997.
58. Chow LM, Fournel M, Davidson D, and Veillette A. Negative regulation of T-cell receptor signalling by tyrosine protein kinase p50csk. Nature 365: 156-160, 1993.
59. Coghlan VM, Langeberg LK, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ, and Scott JD. Cloning and characterization of AKAP 95, a nuclear protein that associates with the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 269: 7658-7665, 1994.
60. Coghlan VM, Perrino BA, Howard M, Langeberg LK, Hicks JB, Gallatin WM, and Scott JD. Association of protein kinase A and protein phosphatase 2B with a common anchoring protein. Science 267: 108-111, 1995.
61. Collas P, Le Guellec K, and Tasken K. The A kinase-anchoring protein AKAP95 is a multivalent protein with a key role in chromatin condensation at mitosis. J Cell Biol 147: 1167-1180, 1999.
62. Colledge M, Dean RA, Scott GK, Langeberg LK, Huganir RL, and Scott JD. Targeting of PKA to glutamate receptors through a MAGUK-AKAP complex. Neuron 27: 107-119, 2000.
63. Colledge M and Scott JD. Akaps: from structure to function. Trends Cell Biol 9: 216-221, 1999.
64. Collins S and Surwit RS. The beta-adrenergic receptors and the control of adipose tissue metabolism and thermogenesis. Recent Prog Horm Res 56: 309-328, 2001.
65. Compton DA. Focusing on spindle poles J Cell Sci 111: 1477-1481, 1998.
66. Cong M, Perry SJ, Lin FT, Fraser ID, Hu LA, Chen W, Pitcher JA, Scott JD, and Lefkowitz RJ. Regulation of membrane targeting of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by protein kinase A and its anchoring protein AKAP79. J Biol Chem 276: 15192-15199, 2001.
67. Conti M. Phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide signaling in endocrine cells. Mol Endocrinol 14: 1317-1327, 2000.
68. Cook SJ, Rubinfeld B, Albert I, and McCormick F. RapV12 antagonizes Ras-dependent activation of ERK1 and ERK2 by LPA and EGF in Rat-1 fibroblasts. EMBO J 12: 3475-3485, 1993.
69. Corbin JD, Francis SH, and Webb DJ. Phosphodiesterase type 5 as a pharmacologic target in erectile dysfunction. Urology 60: 4-11, 2002.
70. Cross D, Dominguez J, Maccioni RB, and Avila J. Map-1 and Map-2 binding sites at the C-terminus of beta-tubulin. Studies with synthetic tubulin peptides. Biochemistry 30: 4362-4366, 1991.
71. Cubizolles F, Legagneux V, Le Guellec R, Chartrain I, Uzbekov R, Ford C, and Le Guellec K. pEg7, a new Xenopus protein required for mitotic chromosome condensation in egg extracts. J Cell Biol 143: 1437-1446, 1998.
72. Cummings DE, Brandon EP, Planas JV, Motamed K, Idzerda RL, and McKnight GS. Genetically lean mice result from targeted disruption of the RII beta subunit of protein kinase A. Nature 382: 622-626, 1996.
73. Daaka Y, Luttrell LM, and Lefkowitz RJ. Switching of the coupling of the beta2-adrenergic receptor to different G proteins by protein kinase A. Nature 390: 88-91, 1997.
74. Daniel PB, Walker WH, and Habener JF. Cyclic AMP signaling and gene regulation. Annu Rev Nutr 18: 353-383, 1998.
75. Davare MA, Dong F, Rubin CS, and Hell JW. The A-kinase anchor protein MAP2B and cAMP-dependent protein kinase are associated with class C L-type calcium channels in neurons. J Biol Chem 274: 30280-30287, 1999.
76. Davidson D, Bakinowski M, Thomas ML, Horejsi V, and Veillette A. Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of T-cell activation by PAG/Cbp, a lipid raft-associated transmembrane adaptor. Mol Cell Biol 23: 2017-2028, 2003.
77. Degerman E, Belfrage P, and Manganiello VC. Structure, localization, and regulation of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3). J Biol Chem 272: 6823-6826, 1997.
78. De Rooij J, Rehmann H, Van Triest M, Cool RH, Wittinghofer A, and Bos JL. Mechanism of regulation of the Epac family of cAMP-dependent RapGEFs J Biol Chem 275: 20829-20836, 2000.
79. De Rooij J, Zwartkruis FJ, Verheijen MH, Cool RH, Nijman SM, Wittinghofer A, and Bos JL. Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP. Nature 396: 474-477, 1998.
80. Desseyn JL, Burton KA, and McKnight GS. Expression of a nonmyristylated variant of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A during male germ-cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 6433-6438, 2000.
81. Dictenberg JB, Zimmerman W, Sparks CA, Young A, Vidair C, Zheng Y, Carrington W, Fay FS, and Doxsey SJ. Pericentrin and gamma-tubulin form a protein complex and are organized into a novel lattice at the centrosome. J Cell Biol 141: 163-174, 1998.
82. Diviani D, Langeberg LK, Doxsey SJ, and Scott JD. Pericentrin anchors protein kinase A at the centrosome through a newly identified RII-binding domain. Curr Biol 10: 417-420, 2000.
83. Diviani D and Scott JD. Akap signaling complexes at the cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 114: 1431-1437, 2001.
84. Diviani D, Soderling J, and Scott JD. Akap-Lbc anchors protein kinase A and nucleates Galpha 12-selective Rho-mediated stress fiber formation. J Biol Chem 276: 44247-44257, 2001.
85. Dodge K and Scott JD. Akap79 and the evolution of the AKAP model. FEBS Lett 476: 58-61, 2000.
86. Dodge KL, Khouangsathiene S, Kapiloff MS, Mouton R, Hill EV, Houslay MD, Langeberg LK, and Scott JD. mAKAP assembles a protein kinase A/PDE4 phosphodiesterase cAMP signaling module. EMBO J 20: 1921-1930, 2001.
87. Dong F, Feldmesser M, Casadevall A, and Rubin CS. Molecular characterization of a cDNA that encodes six isoforms of a novel murine A kinase anchor protein. J Biol Chem 273: 6533-6541, 1998.
88. D'oro U and Ashwell JD. Cutting edge: the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase is an inhibitor of Lck activity in thymocytes. J Immunol 162: 1879-1883, 1999.
89. Dostmann WR and Taylor SS. Identifying the molecular switches that determine whether (Rp)-cAMPS functions as an antagonist or an agonist in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase I. Biochemistry 30: 8710-8716, 1991.
90. Doxsey SJ, Stein P, Evans L, Calarco PD, and Kirschner M. Pericentrin, a highly conserved centrosome protein involved in microtubule organization. Cell 76: 639-650, 1994.
91. Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, and Goldenring JR. Distribution of A-kinase anchoring proteins in parietal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1269: 215-220, 1995.
92. Dransfield DT, Bradford AJ, Smith J, Martin M, Roy C, Mangeat PH, and Goldenring JR. Ezrin is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein. EMBO J 16: 35-43, 1997.
93. Ebihara K, Fukunaga K, Matsumoto K, Shichiri M, and Miyamoto E. Cyclosporin A stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Endocrinology 137: 5255-5263, 1996.
94. Eden S, Rohatgi R, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, and Kirschner MW. Mechanism of regulation of WAVE1-induced actin nucleation by Rac1 and Nck. Nature 418: 790-793, 2002.
95. Eide T, Carlson C, Tasken KA, Hirano T, Tasken K, and Collas P. Distinct but overlapping domains of AKAP95 are implicated in chromosome condensation and condensin targeting. EMBO Reports 3: 426-432, 2002.
96. Eide T, Coghlan V, Orstavik S, Holsve C, Solberg R, Skalhegg BS, Lamb NJ, Langeberg L, Fernandez A, Scott JD, Jahnsen T, and Tasken K. Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization and cell cycle-dependent subcellular distribution of the A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP95. Exp Cell Res 238: 305-316, 1998.
97. Ellis DJ, Jenkins H, Whitfield WG, and Hutchison CJ. Gstlamin fusion proteins act as dominant negative mutants in Xenopus egg extract and reveal the function of the lamina in DNA replication J Cell Sci 110: 2507-2518, 1997.
98. Enserink JM, Christensen AE, De Rooij J, Van Triest M, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Doskeland SO, Blank JL, and Bos JL. A novel Epac-specific cAMP analogue demonstrates independent regulation of Rapl and ERK. Nat Cell Biol 4: 901-906, 2002.
99. Erlichman J, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Zucker S, Mei X, and Orr GA. Developmental expression of the protein kinase C substrate/binding protein (clone 72/SSeCKS) in rat testis identification as a scaffolding protein containing an A-kinase-anchoring domain which is expressed during late-stage spermatogenesis. Eur J Biochem 263: 797-805, 1999.
100. Fantozzi DA, Harootunian AT, Wen W, Taylor SS, Feramisco JR, Tsien RY, and Meinkoth JL. Thermostable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase enhances the rate of export of the kinase catalytic subunit from the nucleus J. Biol Chem 269: 2676-2686, 1994.
101. Fantozzi DA, Taylor SS, Howard PW, Maurer RA, Feramisco JR, and Meinkoth JL. Effect of the thermostable protein kinase inhibitor on intracellular localization of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase J Biol Chem 267: 16824-16828, 1992.
102. Feldman AM and McNamara DM. Reevaluating the role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Clin Cardiol 25: 256-262, 2002.
103. Feliciello A, Cardone L, Garbi C, Ginsberg MD, Varrone S, Rubin CS, Avvedimento EV, and Gottesman ME. Yotiao protein, a ligand for the NMDA receptor, binds and targets cAMP-dependent protein kinase II(1). FEBS Lett 464: 174-178, 1999.
104. Feliciello A, Giuliano P, Porcellini A, Garbi C, Obici S, Mele E, Angotti E, Grieco D, Amabile G, Cassano S, Li Y, Musti AM, Rubin CS, Gottesman ME, and Avvedimento EV. The v-Ki-Ras oncogene alters cAMP nuclear signaling by regulating the location and the expression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase IIbeta. J Biol Chem 271: 25350-25359, 1996.
105. Feliciello A, Li Y, Avvedimento EV, Gottesman ME, and Rubin CS. A-kinase anchor protein 75 increases the rate and magnitude of cAMP signaling to the nucleus. Curr Biol 7: 1011-1014, 1997.
106. Fernandez A, Cavadore JC, Demaille J, and Lamb N. Implications for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the maintenance of the interphase state. Prog Cell Cycle Res 1: 241-253, 1995.
107. Fesenko EE, Kolesnikov SS, and Lyubarsky AL. Induction by cyclic GMP of cationic conductance in plasma membrane of retinal rod outer segment. Nature 313: 310-313, 1985.
108. Flynn GE, Johnson JP Jr, and Zagotta WN. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: shedding light on the opening of a channel pore. Nat Rev Neurosci 2: 643-651, 2001.
109. Forte TM, Machen TE, and Forte JG. Ultrastructural changes in oxyntic cells associated with secretory function: a membrane-recycling hypothesis. Gastroenterology 73: 941-955, 1977.
110. Francis SH, Turko IV, and Corbin JD. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: relating structure and function. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 65: 1-52, 2001.
111. Frank K and Kranias EG. Phospholamban and cardiac contractility. Ann Med 32: 572-578, 2000.
112. Frankfort BJ and Gelman IH. Identification of novel cellular genes transcriptionally suppressed by v-src. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 206: 916-926, 1995.
113. Fraser ID, Cong M, Kim J, Rollins EN, Daaka Y, Lefkowitz RJ, and Scott JD. Assembly of an A kinase-anchoring protein-beta(2)-adrenergic receptor complex facilitates receptor phosphorylation and signaling. Curr Biol 10: 409-412, 2000.
114. Fraser ID, Tavalin SJ, Lester LB, Langeberg LK, Westphal AM, Dean RA, Marrion NV, and Scott JD. A novel lipid-anchored A-kinase anchoring protein facilitates cAMP-responsive membrane events. EMBO J 17: 2261-2272, 1998.
115. Fakuyama T, Sueoka E, Sugio Y, Otsuka T, Niho Y, Akagi K, and Kozu T. Mtg8 proto-oncoprotein interacts with the regulatory subunit of type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in lymphocytes. Oncogene 20: 6225-6232, 2001.
116. Fulcher KD, Mori C, Welch JE, O'Brien DA, Klapper DG, and Eddy EM. Characterization of Fscl cDNA for a mouse sperm fibrous sheath component. Biol Reprod 52: 41-49, 1995.
117. Gadsby DC and Nairn AC. Control of CFTR channel gating by phosphorylation and nucleotide hydrolysis. Physiol Rev 79: S77-S107, 1999.
118. Gaillard AR, Diener DR, Rosenbaum JL, and Sale WS. Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). J Cell Biol 153: 443-448, 2001.
119. Gelman IH, Lee K, Tombler E, Gordon R, and Lin X. Control of cytoskeletal architecture by the src-suppressed C kinase substrate, SSeCKS. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 41: 1-17, 1998.
120. Gillingham AK and Munro S. The PACT domain, a conserved centrosomal targeting motif in the coiled-coil proteins AKAP450 and pericentrin. EMBO Reports 1: 524-529, 2000.
121. 2+ current in single frog ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 530: 79-91, 2001.
122. Gomez LL, Alam S, Smith KE, Horne E, and Dell'acqua ML. Regulation of A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150-cAMP-dependent protein kinase postsynaptic targeting by NMDA receptor activation of calcineurin and remodeling of dendritic actin. J Neurosci 22: 7027-7044, 2002.
123. Gordon SE and Zagotta WN. Localization of regions affecting an allosteric transition in cyclic nucleotide-activated channels. Neuron 14: 857-864, 1995.
124. Gordon T, Grove B, Loftus JC, O'Toole T, McMillan R, Lindstrom J, and Ginsberg MH. Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera. J Clin Invest 90: 992-999, 1992.
125. Gradin HM, Larsson N, Marklund U, and Gullberg M. Regulation of microtubule dynamics by extracellular signals: cAMP-dependent protein kinase switches off the activity of oncoprotein 18 in intact cells J. Cell Biol 140: 131-141, 1998.
126. Gray PC, Johnson BD, Westenbroek RE, Hays LG, Yates JR III, Scheuer T, Catterall WA, and Murphy BJ. Primary structure and function of an A kinase anchoring protein associated with calcium channels. Neuron 20: 1017-1026, 1998.
127. Gray PC, Tibbs VC, Catterall WA, and Murphy BJ. Identification of a 15-kDa cAMP-dependent protein kinase-anchoring protein associated with skeletal muscle L-type calcium channels. J Biol Chem 272: 6297-6302, 1997.
128. Greengard P, Jen J, Nairn AC, and Stevens CF. Enhancement of the glutamate response by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in hippocampal neurons. Science 253: 1135-1138, 1991.
129. Gronning LM, Cederberg A, Miura N, Enerback S, and Tasken K. Insulin and TNF alpha induce expression of the forkhead transcription factor gene Foxc2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via PI3K and ERK 1/2-dependent pathways. Mol Endocrinol 16: 873-883, 2002.
130. Grouse JR III, Allan MC, and Elam MB. Clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease and the role of cilostazol in treatment of intermittent claudication. J Clin Pharmacol 42: 1291-1298, 2002.
131. Hall A. Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. Science 279: 509-514, 1998.
132. Hamuro Y, Burns L, Canaves J, Hoffman R, Taylor S, and Woods V. Domain organization of D-AKAP2 revealed by enhanced deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (DXMS). J Mol Biol 321: 703-714, 2002.
133. Han JD, Baker NE, and Rubin CS. Molecular characterization of a novel A kinase anchor protein from Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem 272: 26611-26619, 1997.
134. Hanoune J and Defer N. Regulation and role of adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 41: 145-174, 2001.
135. Hanzel D, Reggio H, Bretscher A, Forte JG, and Mangeat P. The secretion-stimulated 80K phosphoprotein of parietal cells is ezrin, and has properties of a membrane cytoskeletal linker in the induced apical microvilli. EMBO J 10: 2363-2373, 1991.
136. Harootunian AT, Adams SR, Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Taylor SS, and Tsien RY. Movement of the free catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase into and out of the nucleus can be explained by diffusion. Mol Biol Cell 4: 993-1002, 1993.
137. Hauet T, Liu J, Li H, Gazouli M, Culty M, and Papadopoulos V. PBR, StAR, and PKA: partners in cholesterol transport in steroidogenic cells. Endocr Res 28: 395-401, 2002.
138. Hausdorff WP, Caron MG, and Lefkowitz RJ. Turning off the signal: desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptor function. FASEB J 4: 2881-2889, 1990.
139. Hausken ZE, Coghlan VM, Hastings CA, Reimann EM, and Scott JD. Type II regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase interaction with A-kinase anchor proteins requires isoleucines 3 and 5. J Biol Chem 269: 24245-24251, 1994.
140. Hausken ZE, Dell'acqua ML, Coghlan VM, and Scott JD. Mutational analysis of the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-binding site on RII classification of side chain determinants for anchoring and isoform selective association with AKAPs. J Biol Chem 271: 29016-29022, 1996.
141. Herberg FW, Maleszka A, Eide T, Vossebein L, and Tasken K. Analysis of A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) interaction with protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits: PKA isoform specificity in AKAP binding. J Mol Biol 298: 329-339, 2000.
142. Herrgard S, Jambeck P, Taylor SS, and Subramaniam S. Domain architecture of a Caenorhabditis elegans AKAP suggests a novel AKAP function. FEBS Lett 486: 107-111, 2000.
143. Higgs HN and Pollard TD. Regulation of actin filament network formation through ARP2/3 complex: activation by a diverse array of proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 70: 649-676, 2001.
144. Hirano T, Kobayashi R, and Hirano M. Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E, and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein. Cell 89: 511-521, 1997.
145. Hirano T and Mitchison TJ. A heterodimeric coiled-coil protein required for mitotic chromosome condensation in vitro. Cell 79: 449-458, 1994.
146. Hirokawa N. Microtubule organization and dynamics dependent on microtubule-associated proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 6: 74-81, 1994.
147. Houslay MD and Adams DR. PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: modular enzymes that orchestrate signalling cross-talk, desensitization and compartmentalization. Biochem J 370: 1-18, 2003.
148. Huang C, Hepler JR, Chen LT, Gilman AG, Anderson RG, and Mumby SM. Organization of G proteins and adenylyl cyclase at the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 8: 2365-2378, 1997.
149. Huang LJ, Durick K, Weiner JA, Chun J, and Taylor SS. D-Akap2, a novel protein kinase A anchoring protein with a putative RGS domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 11184-11189, 1997.
150. Huang LJ, Durick K, Weiner JA, Chun J, and Taylor SS. Identification of a novel protein kinase A anchoring protein that binds both type I and type II regulatory subunits. J Biol Chem 272: 8057-8064, 1997.
151. Huang LJ, Wang L, Ma Y, Durick K, Perkins G, Deerinck TJ, Ellisman MH, and Taylor SS. NH2-terminal targeting motifs direct dual specificity A-kinase-anchoring protein 1 (D-AKAP1) to either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 145: 951-959, 1999.
152. 2+ channel and modulates its function. J Biol Chem 277: 4079-4087, 2002.
153. Hunzicker-Dunn M, Scott JD, and Carr DW. Regulation of expression of A-kinase anchoring proteins in rat granulosa cells. Biol Reprod 58: 1496-1502, 1998.
154. Illenberger S, Drewes G, Trinczek B, Biernat J, Meyer HE, Olmsted JB, Mandelkow EM, and Mandelkow E. Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and MAP4 by the protein kinase p110mark. Phosphorylation sites and regulation of microtubule dynamics. J Biol Chem 271: 10834-10843, 1996.
155. Jagatheesan G, Thanumalayan S, Muralikrishna B, Rangaraj N, Karande AA, and Parnaik VK. Colocalization of intranuclear lamin foci with RNA splicing factors. J Cell Sci 112: 4651-4661, 1999.
156. Jin SL, Bushnik T, Lan L, and Conti M. Subcellular localization of rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Differential targeting and activation of the splicing variants derived from the PDE4D gene. J Biol Chem 273: 19672-19678, 1998.
157. Jin SL, Richard FJ, Kuo WP, D'Ercole AJ, and Conti M. Impaired growth and fertility of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 11998-12003, 1999.
158. 2+ channel by anchored cAMP-dependent protein kinase J. Neurosci 17: 1243-1255, 1997.
159. 2+ channels in skeletal muscle cells requires anchored cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 11492-11496, 1994.
160. Johnson JP Jr and Zagotta WN. Rotational movement during cyclic nucleotide-gated channel opening. Nature 412: 917-921, 2001.
161. Johnson LR, Foster JA, Haig-Ladewig L, Vanscoy H, Rubin Cs, Moss Sb, and Gerton GI. Assembly of AKAP82, a protein kinase A anchor protein, into the fibrous sheath of mouse sperm. Dev Biol 192: 340-350, 1997.
162. Jones PM and Persaud SJ. Protein kinases, protein phosphorylation, and the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Endocr Rev 19: 429-461, 1998.
163. Juilfs DM, Fulle HJ, Zhao AZ, Houslay MD, Garbers DL, and Beavo JA. A subset of olfactory neurons that selectively express cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) and guanylyl cyclase-D define a unique olfactory signal transduction pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 3388-3395, 1997.
164. Kammer GM. The adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway and regulation of the immune response. Immunol Today 9: 222-229, 1988.
165. Kammerer S, Hamuro Ll, Ma Y, Hamon Sc, Canaves Jm, Shi Mm, Nelson Mr, Cantor Cr, Taylor Ss, and Braun A. Amino acid variant in the kinase binding domain of D-AKAP2: a disease susceptibility polymorphism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 4066-4071, 2003.
166. Kapiloff MS, Jackson N, and Airhart N. mAKAP and the ryanodine receptor are part of a multi-component signaling complex on the cardiomyocyte nuclear envelope J Cell Sci 114: 3167-3176, 2001.
167. Kapiloff MS, Schillace RV, Westphal AM, and Scott JD. mAKAP: an A kinase anchoring protein targeted to the nuclear membrane of differentiated myocytes. J Cell Sci 112: 2725-2736, 1999.
168. Karki S and Holzbaur EL. Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in cell division and intracellular transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11: 45-53, 1999.
169. Kashishian A, Howard M, Loh C, Gallatin WM, Hoekstra MF, and Lai Y. Akap79 inhibits calcineurin through a site distinct from the immunophilin-binding region J. Biol Chem 273: 27412-27419, 1998.
170. Katsura T, Gustafson CE, Ausiello DA, and Brown D. Protein kinase A phosphorylation is involved in regulated exocytosis of aquaporin-2 in transfected LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 272: F817-F822, 1997.
171. Kawabuchi M, Satomi Y, Takao T, Shimonishi Y, Nada S, Nagai K, Tarakhovsky A, and Okada M. Transmembrane phosphoprotein Cbp regulates the activities of Src-family tyrosine kinases. Nature 404: 999-1003, 2000.
172. Kawasaki H, Springett GM, Mochizuki N, Toki S, Nakaya M, Matsuda M, Housman DE, and Graybiel AM. A family of cAMP-binding proteins that directly activate Rap1. Science 282: 2275-2279, 1998.
173. Keryer G, Witczak O, Delouvee A, Kemmner WA, Rouillard D, Tasken K, and Bornens M. Dissociating the centrosomal matrix protein AKAP450 from centrioles impairs centriole duplication and cell cycle progression. Mol Biol Cell. In press.
174. Keryer G, Yassenko M, Labbe JC, Castro A, Lohmann SM, Evain-Brion D, and Tasken K. Mitosis-specific phosphorylation and subcellular redistribution of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 273: 34594-34602, 1998.
175. Khuchua Z, Wozniak Df, Bardgett Me, Mcdonald M, Boero J, Hartman Re, Sims S, and Strauss AW. Deletion of the N-terminus of murine MAP2 by gene targeting disrupts hippocampal ca1 neuron architecture and alters contextual memory. Neuroscience 119: 101-111, 2003.
176. Kitayama H, Sugimoto Y, Matsuzaki T, Ikawa Y, and Noda MA. Ras-related gene with transformation suppressor activity. Cell 56: 77-84, 1989.
177. Klauck TM, Faux MC, Labudda K, Langeberg LK, Jaken S, and Scott JD. Coordination of three signaling enzymes by AKAP79, a mammalian scaffold protein. Science 271: 1589-1592, 1996.
178. Klingbeil P, Frazzetto G, and Bouwmeester T. Xgravin-like (Xgl), a novel putative a-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) expressed during embryonic development in Xenopus. Mech Dev 100: 323-326, 2001.
179. Klussmann E, Edemir B, Pepperle B, Tamma G, Henn V, Klauschenz E, Hundsrucker C, Maric K, and Rosenthal W. Ht31: the first protein kinase A anchoring protein to integrate protein kinase A and Rho signaling. FEBS Lett 507: 264-268, 2001.
180. Klussmann E, Maric K, and Rosenthal W. The mechanisms of aquaporin control in the renal collecting duct. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 141: 33-95, 2000.
181. Klussmann E, Maric K, Wiesner B, Beyermann M, and Rosenthal W. Protein kinase A anchoring proteins are required for vasopressin-mediated translocation of aquaporin-2 into cell membranes of renal principal cells. J Biol Chem 274: 4934-4938, 1999.
182. Klussmann E and Rosenthal W. Role and identification of protein kinase A anchoring proteins in vasopressin-mediated aquaporin-2 translocation. Kidney Int 60: 446-449, 2001.
183. Kopperud R, Christensen AE, Kjarland E, Viste K, Kleivdal H, and Doskeland SO. Formation of inactive cAMP-saturated holoenzyme of cAMP-dependent protein kinase under physiological conditions. J Biol Chem 277: 13443-13448, 2002.
184. Kovo M, Schillace RV, Galiani D, Josefsberg LB, Carr DW, and Dekel N. Expression and modification of PKA and AKAPs during meiosis in rat oocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 192: 105-113, 2002.
185. Kozma R, Ahmed S, Best A, and Lim L. The Ras-related protein Cdc42Hs and bradykinin promote formation of peripheral actin microspikes and filopodia in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 15: 1942-1952, 1995.
186. Krebs EG and Beavo JA. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem 48: 923-959, 1979.
187. Krueger KE and Papadopoulos V. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors mediate translocation of cholesterol from outer to inner mitochondrial membranes in adrenocortical cells. J Biol Chem 265: 15015-15022, 1990.
188. Kultgen PL, Byrd SK, Ostrowski LE, and Milgram SL. Characterization of an a-kinase anchoring protein in human ciliary axonemes. Mol Biol Cell 13: 4156-4166, 2002.
189. Kussel-Andermann P, El Amraoui A, Safieddine S, Hardelin JP, Nouaille S, Camonis J, and Petit C. Unconventional myosin VIIA is a novel A-kinase-anchoring protein. J Biol Chem 275: 29654-29659, 2000.
190. Kutsuwada T, Kashiwabuchi N, Mori H, Sakimura K, Kushiya E, Araki K, Meguro H, Masaki H, Kumanishi T, and Arakawa M. Molecular diversity of the NMDA receptor channel. Nature 358: 36-41, 1992.
191. Lande MB, Jo I, Zeidel ML, Somers M, and Harris HW Jr. Phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 does not alter the membrane water permeability of rat papillary water channel-containing vesicles. J Biol Chem 271: 5552-5557, 1996.
192. Landsverk HB, Carlson CR, Steen RL, Vossebein L, Herberg FW, Tasken K, and Collas P. Regulation of anchoring of the RIIalpha regulatory subunit of PKA to AKAP95 by threonine phosphorylation of RIIalpha: implications for chromosome dynamics at mitosis. J Cell Sci 114: 3255-3264, 2001.
193. Latour S and Veillette A. Proximal protein tyrosine kinases in immunoreceptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 13: 299-306, 2001.
194. Leo A and Schraven B. Adapters in lymphocyte signalling. Curr Opin Immunol 13: 307-316, 2001.
195. Leon DA, Herberg FW, Banky P, and Taylor SS. A stable alpha-helical domain at the N terminus of the RIalpha subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a novel dimerization/docking motif. J Biol Chem 272: 28431-28437, 1997.
196. Lester LB, Coghlan VM, Nauert B, and Scott JD. Cloning and characterization of a novel A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP 220, association with testicular peroxisomes. J Biol Chem 271: 9460-9465, 1996.
197. Lester LB, Faux MC, Nauert JB, and Scott JD. Targeted protein kinase A and PP-2B regulate insulin secretion through reversible phosphorylation. Endocrinology 142: 1218-1227, 2001.
198. Lester LB, Langeberg LK, and Scott JD. Anchoring of protein kinase A facilitates hormone-mediated insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 14942-14947, 1997.
199. Levy FO, Rasmussen AM, Tasken K, Skalhegg BS, Huitfeldt HS, Funderud S, Smeland EB, and Hansson V. Cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (cAK) in human B cells: co-localization of type I cAK (RI alpha 2 C2) with the antigen receptor during anti-immunoglobulin-induced B cell activation. Eur J Immunol 26: 1290-1296, 1996.
200. Li H, Adamik R, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Moss J, and Vaughan M. Protein kinase A anchoring (AKAP) domains in brefeldin A.-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 (BIG2). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 1627-1632, 2003.
201. Li H, Degenhardt B, Tobin D, Yao ZX, Tasken K, and Papadopoulos V. Identification, localization and function in steroidogenesis of PAP7: a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and PKA (RIalpha)-associated protein. Mol Endocrinol 15: 2211-2228, 2001.
202. Li Z, Rossi EA, Hoheisel JD, Kalderon D, and Rubin CS. Generation of a novel A kinase anchor protein and a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like analog from a single gene. J Biol Chem 274: 27191-27200, 1999.
203. Lin F, Wang H, and Malbon CC. Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization. J Biol Chem 275: 19025-19034, 2000.
204. Lin JW, Wyszynski M, Madhavan R, Sealock R, Kim JU, and Sheng M. Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1. J Neurosci 18: 2017-2027, 1998.
205. Lin RY, Moss SB, and Rubin CS. Characterization of SAKAP84, a novel developmentally regulated A kinase anchor protein of male germ cells. J Biol Chem 270: 27804-27817, 1995.
206. Lin X, Tombler E, Nelson PJ, Ross M, and Gelman IH. A novel src- and ras-suppressed protein kinase C substrate associated with cytoskeletal architecture. J Biol Chem 271: 28430-28438, 1996.
207. Liu DT, Tibbs GR, Paoletti P, and Siegelbaum SA. Constraining ligand-binding site stoichiometry suggests that a cyclic nucleotidegated channel is composed of two functional dimers. Neuron 21: 235-248, 1998.
208. Lohmann SM, Decamilli P, Einig I, and Walter U. High-affinity binding of the regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to microtubule-associated and other cellular proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81: 6723-6727, 1984.
209. Lowell BB. Fat metabolism. Slimming with leaner enzyme. Nature 382: 585-586, 1996.
210. Luttrell LM, Ferguson SS, Daaka Y, Miller WE, Maudsley S, Della Rocca GJ, Lin F, Kawakatsu H, Owada K, Luttrell DK, Caron MG, and Lefkowitz RJ. Beta-arrestin-dependent formation of beta2 adrenergic receptor-Src protein kinase complexes Science 283: 655-661, 1999.
211. 2-terminal UCR regions. J Biol Chem 275: 16609-16617, 2000.
212. Mackenzie SJ, Baillie GS, McPhee I, Mackenzie C, Seamons R, McSorley T, Millen J, Beard MB, Van Heeke G, and Houslay MD. Long PDE4 cAMP specific phosphodiesterases are activated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of a single serine residue in Upstream Conserved Region 1 (UCR1). Br J Pharmacol 136: 421-433, 2002.
213. Mandal A, Naaby-Hansen S, Wolkowicz MJ, Klotz K, Shetty J, Retief JD, Coonrod SA, Kinter M, Sherman N, Cesar F, Flickinger CJ, and Herr JC. Fsp95, a testis-specific 95-kilodalton fibrous sheath antigen that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in capacitated human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 61: 1184-1197, 1999.
214. Manji HK, Quiroz JA, Sporn J, Payne JL, Denicoff K, Gray NA, Zarate CA, and Charney DS. Enhancing neuronal plasticity and cellular resilience to develop novel, improved therapeutics for difficult-to-treat depression. Biol Psych 53: 707-742, 2003.
215. Marchand JB, Kaiser DA, Pollard TD, and Higgs HN. Interaction of WASP/Scar proteins with actin and vertebrate Arp2/3 complex. Nat Cell Biol 3: 76-82, 2001.
216. Marks AR. Ryanodine receptors/calcium release channels in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33: 615-624, 2001
217. Marx SO, Reiken S, Hisamatsu Y, Jayaraman T, Burkhoff D, Rosemblit N, and Marks AR. PKA phosphorylation dissociates FKBP126 from the calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor): defective regulation in failing hearts. Cell 101: 365-376, 2000.
218. Matsuzawa K, Kosako H, Inagaki N, Shibata H, Mukai H, Ono Y, Amano M, Kaibuchi K, Matsuura Y, Azuma I, and Inagaki M. Domain-specific phosphorylation of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein by PKN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234: 621-625, 1997.
219. Mayr B and Montminy M. Transcriptional regulation by the phosphorylation-dependent factor CREB. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2: 599-6O9, 2001.
220. McCartney S, Little BM, Langeberg LK, and Scott JD. Cloning and characterization of A-kinase anchor protein 100 (AKAP100) A protein that targets A-kinase to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 270: 9327-9333, 1995.
221. Meguro H, Mori H, Araki K, Kushiya E, Kutsuwada T, Yamazaki M, Kumanishi T, Arakawa M, Sakimura K, and Mishina M. Functional characterization of a heteromeric NMDA receptor channel expressed from cloned cDNAs. Nature 357: 70-74, 1992.
222. Mehats C, Andersen CB, Filopanti M, Jin SL, and Conti M. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and their role in endocrine cell signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13: 29-35, 2002.
223. Mei X, Singh IS, Erlichman J, and Orr GA. Cloning and characterization of a testis-specific, developmentally regulated A-kinase-anchoring protein (TAKAP-80) present on the fibrous sheath of rat sperm. Eur J Biochem 246: 425-432, 1997.
224. Meinkoth JL, Ji Y, Taylor SS, and Feramisco JR. Dynamics of the distribution of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 9595-9599, 1990.
225. Merdes A and Cleveland DW. Pathways of spindle pole formation: different mechanisms: conserved components J Cell Biol 138: 953-956, 1997.
226. Michel JJ and Scott JD. Akap mediated signal transduction. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42: 235-257, 2002.
227. Miki H, Suetsugu S, and Takenawa T. Wave, a novel WASP family protein involved in actin reorganization induced by Rac. EMBO J 17: 6932-6941, 1998.
228. Miki K and Eddy EM. Identification of tethering domains for protein kinase A type Ialpha regulatory subunits on sperm fibrous sheath protein FSC1. J Biol Chem 273: 34384-34390, 1998.
229. Miki K, Willis WD, Brown PR, Goulding EH, Fulcher KD, and Eddy EM. Targeted disruption of the Akap4 gene causes defects in sperm flagellum and motility. Dev Biol 248: 331-342, 2002.
230. Monaco L, Lamas M, Tamai K, Lalli E, Zazopoulos E, Penna L, Nantel F, Foulkes NS, Mazzucchelli C, and Sassone-Corsi P. Coupling transcription to signaling pathways: cAMP and nuclear factor cAMP-responsive element modulator. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 31: 63-74, 1997.
231. Montminy M. Transcriptional regulation by cyclic AMP. Annu Rev Biochem 66: 807-822, 1997.
232. Monyer H, Sprengel R, Schoepfer R, Herb A, Higuchi M, Lomeli H, Burnashev N, Sakmann B, and Seeburg PH. Heteromeric NMDA receptors: molecular and functional distinction of subtypes. Science 256: 1217-1221, 1992.
233. Moss SB and Gerton GL. A-kinase anchor proteins in endocrine systems and reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 12: 434-440, 2001.
234. Movsesian MA. cAMP-mediated signal transduction and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in heart failure. Ann NY Acad Sci 853: 231-239, 1998.
235. Mukai H, Kitagawa M, Shibata H, Takanaga H, Mori K, Shimakawa M, Miyahara M, Hirao K, and Ono Y. Activation of PKN, a novel 120-kDa protein kinase with leucine zipper-like sequences, by unsaturated fatty acids and by limited proteolysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 204: 348-356, 1994.
236. Mukai H, Toshimori M, Shibata H, Kitagawa M, Shimakawa M, Miyahara M, Sunakawa H, and Ono Y. PKN associates and phosphorylates the head-rod domain of neurofilament protein. J Biol Chem 271: 9816-9822, 1996.
237. Mustelin T, Coggeshall KM, and Altman A. Rapid activation of the T-cell tyrosine protein kinase pp561ck by the CD45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 6302-6306, 1989.
238. Mustelin T, Pessa-Morikawa T, Autero M, Gassmann M, Andersson LC, Gahmberg CG, and Burn P. Regulation of the p59fyn protein tyrosine kinase by the CD45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase. Eur J Immunol 22: 1173-1178, 1992.
239. Mustelin T, and Tasken K. Positive and negative regulation of T cell activation through kinases and phosphatases. Biochem J 371: 15-27, 2003.
240. Nakamura T and Gold GH. A cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance in olfactory receptor cilia. Nature 325: 442-444, 1987.
241. Nauert JB, Klauck TM, Langeberg LK, and Scott JD. Gravin, an autoantigen recognized by serum from myasthenia gravis patients, is a kinase scaffold protein. Curr Biol 7: 52-62, 1997.
242. Nelson PJ and Gelman IH. Cell-cycle regulated expression and serine phosphorylation of the myristylated protein kinase C substrate, SSeCKS: correlation with culture confluency, cell cycle phase and serum response. Mol Cell Biochem 175: 233-241, 1997.
243. Newlon MG, Roy M, Hausken ZE, Scott JD, and Jennings PA. The A-kinase anchoring domain of type IIalpha cAMP-dependent protein kinase is highly helical. J Biol Chem 272: 23637-23644, 1997.
244. Newlon MG, Roy M, Morikis D, Carr DW, Westphal R, Scott JD, and Jennings PA. A novel mechanism of PKA anchoring revealed by solution structures of anchoring complexes. EMBO J 20: 1651-1662, 2001.
245. Newlon MG, Roy M, Morikis D, Hausken ZE, Coghlan V, Scott JD, and Jennings PA. The molecular basis for protein kinase A anchoring revealed by solution NMR. Nat Struct Biol 6: 222-227, 1999.
246. Nobes Cd and Hall A. Rho, rac and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell 81: 53-62, 1995.
247. Okada M, Nada S, Yamanashi Y, Yamamoto T, and Nakagawa H. Csk: a protein-tyrosine kinase involved in regulation of src family kinases. J Biol Chem 266: 24249-24252, 1991.
248. Papadopoulos V. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine/diazepam binding inhibitor receptor: biological role in steroidogenic cell function. Endocr Rev 14: 222-240, 1993.
249. Papadopoulos V, Amri H, Li H, Boujrad N, Vidic B, and Garnier M. Targeted disruption of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor gene inhibits steroidogenesis in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line. J Biol Chem 272: 32129-32135, 1997.
250. Papadopoulos V, Mukhin AG, Costa E, and Krueger KE. The peripheral-type benzodiazepme receptor is functionally linked to Leydig cell steroidogenesis. J Biol Chem 265: 3772-3779, 1990.
251. Patel TB, Du Z, Pierre S, Cartin L, and Scholich K. Molecular biological approaches to unravel adenylyl cyclase signaling and function. Gene 269: 13-25, 2001.
252. Perry SJ, Baillie GS, Kohout TA, McPhee I, Magiera MM, Ang KL, Miller WE, McLean AJ, Conti M, Houslay MD, and Lefkowitz RJ. Targeting of cyclic AMP degradation to beta 2-adrenergic receptors by beta-arrestins. Science 298: 834-836, 2002.
253. Peter M, Nakagawa J, Doree M, Labbe JC, and Nigg EA. In vitro disassembly of the nuclear lamina and M phase-specific phosphorylation of lamins by cdc2 kinase. Cell 61: 591-602, 1990.
254. Pizon V, Chardin P, Lerosey I, Olofsson B, and Tavitian A. Human Cdnas Rap1 and Rap2 homologous to the Drosophila gene Dras3 encode proteins closely related to Ras in the effector region. Oncogene 3: 201-204, 1988.
255. Planas JV, Cummings DE, Idzerda RL, and McKnight GS. Mutation of the RIIbeta subunit of protein kinase A differentially affects lipolysis but not gene induction in white adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 274: 36281-36287, 1999.
256. Pogwizd SM, Schlotthauer K, Li L, Yuan W, and Bers DM. Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure: roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual beta-adrenergic responsiveness. Circ Res 88: 1159-1167, 2001.
257. Pozzan T, Rizzuto R, Volpe P, and Meldolesi J. Molecular and cellular physiology of intracellular calcium stores. Physiol Rev 74: 595-636, 1994.
258. Purohit A, Tynan SH, Vallee R, and Doxsey SJ. Direct interaction of pericentrin with cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain contributes to mitotic spindle organization J. Cell Biol 147: 481-492, 1999.
259. Quill TA, Ren D, Clapham DE, and Garbers DL. A voltage-gated ion channel expressed specifically in spermatozoa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 12527-12531, 2001.
260. Quinton PM. Physiological basis of cystic fibrosis: a historical perspective. Physiol Rev 79 Suppl: S3-S22, 1999.
261. Rahmouni S, Aandahl EM, Trebak M, Boniver J, Tasken K, and Moutschen M. Increased cAMP levels and protein kinase (PKA) type I activation in CD4+ T cells and B cells contribute to retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency of mice (MAIDS): a useful in vivo model for drug testing. FASEB J 15: 1466-1468, 2001.
262. Raman IM, Tong G, and Jahr CE. Beta-adrenergic regulation of synaptic NMDA receptors by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Neuron 16: 415-421, 1996.
263. Razani B, Rubin CS, and Lisanti MP. Regulation of cAMP-mediated signal transduction via interaction of caveolins with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. J Biol Chem 274: 26353-26360, 1999.
264. Reczek D, Berryman M, and Bretscher A. Identification of EBP50: a PDZ containing phosphoprotein that associates with members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family. J Cell Biol 139: 169-179, 1997.
265. Rehmann H, Prakash B, Wolf E, Rueppel A, De Rooij J, Bos JL, and Wittinghofer A. Structure and regulation of the cAMP-binding domains of Epac2. Nat Struct Biol 10: 26-32, 2003.
266. Reinton N, Collas P, Haugen TB, Skalhegg BS, Hansson V, Jahnsen T, and Tasken K. Localization of a novel human A-kinase-anchoring protein, hAKAP220, during spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 223: 194-204, 2000.
267. Reinton N, Orstavik S, Haugen TB, Jahnsen T, Tasken K, and Skalhegg BS. A novel isoform of human cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, c alpha-s, localizes to sperm midpiece. Biol Reprod 63: 607-611, 2000.
268. Ren D, Navarro B, Perez G, Jackson AC, Hsu S, Shi Q, Tilly JL, and Clapham DE. A sperm ion channel required for sperm motility and male fertility. Nature 413: 603-609, 2001.
269. Riabowol KT, Fink JS, Gilman MZ, Walsh DA, Goodman RH, and Feramisco JR. The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces expression of genes containing cAMP-responsive enhancer elements. Nature 336: 83-86, 1988.
270. Ridley AJ and Hall A. The small GTP binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors. Cell 70: 389-399, 1992.
271. Ridley AJ, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D, and Hall A. The small GTP binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell 70: 401-410, 1992.
272. Rios E and Stern MD. Calcium in close quarters: microdomain feedback in excitation-contraction coupling and other cell biological phenomena. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 26: 47-82, 1997.
273. Rios RM, Celati C, Lohmann SM, Bornens M, and Keryer G. Identification of a high affinity binding protein for the regulatory subunit RII beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Golgi enriched membranes of human lymphoblasts. EMBO J 11: 1723-1731, 1992.
274. Roche KW, O'Brien RJ, Mammen AL, Bernhardt J, and Huganir RL. Characterization of multiple phosphorylation sites on the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit. Neuron 16: 1179-1188, 1996.
275. Rosenmund C, Carr DW, Bergeson SE, Nilaver G, Scott JD, and Westbrook GL. Anchoring of protein kinase A is required for modulation of AMPA/kainate receptors on hippocampal neurons. Nature 368: 853-856, 1994.
276. Rossi EA, Li Z, Feng H, and Rubin CS. Characterization of the targeting, binding, and phosphorylation site domains of an A kinase anchor protein and a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like analog that are encoded by a single gene. J Biol Chem 274: 27201-27210, 1999.
277. Ruiz ML and Karpen JW. Single cyclic nucleotide-gated channels locked in different ligand-bound states. Nature 389: 389-392, 1997.
278. Saitoh N, Goldberg IG, Wood ER, and Earnshaw WC. ScII: an abundant chromosome scaffold protein is a member of a family of putative ATPases with an unusual predicted tertiary structure. J Cell Biol 127: 303-318, 1994.
279. San Agustin JT, Leszyk JD, Nuwaysir LM, and Witman GB. The catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of ovine sperm flagella has a unique amino-terminal sequence. J Biol Chem 273: 24874-24883, 1998.
280. San Agustin JT and Witman GB. Differential expression of the C(s) and Calpha1 isoforms of the catalytic subunit of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase testicular cells. Biol Reprod 65: 151-164, 2001.
281. Sanchez C, Diaz-Nido J, and Avila J. Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and its relevance for the regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton function. Prog Neurobiol 61: 133-168, 2000.
282. Sarkar D, Erlichman J, and Rubin CS. Identification of a calmodulin-binding protein that co-purifies with the regulatory subunit of brain protein kinase II. J Biol Chem 259: 9840-9846, 1984.
283. Schillace RV, Andrews SF, Liberty GA, Davey MP, and Carr DW. Identification and characterization of myeloid translocation gene 16b as a novel a kinase anchoring protein in T lymphocytes. J Immunol 168: 1590-1599, 2002.
284. Schillace RV and Scott JD. Association of the type 1 protein phosphatase PP1 with the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220. Curr Biol 9: 321-324, 1999.
285. Schillace RV, Voltz JW, Sim AT, Shenolikar S, and Scott JD. Multiple interactions within the AKAP220 signaling complex contribute to protein phosphatase 1 regulation. J Biol Chem 276: 12128-12134, 2001.
286. 2+ channels of skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 260: 13041-13046, 1985.
287. Schmidt PH, Dransfield DT, Claudio JO, Hawley RG, Trotter KW, Milgram SL, and Goldenring JR. Akap350, a multiply spliced protein kinase A-anchoring protein associated with centrosomes. J Biol Chem 274: 3055-3066, 1999.
288. Schneider A, Biernat J, Von Bergen M, Mandelkow E, and Mandelkow EM. Phosphorylation that detaches tau protein from microtubules (Ser262, Ser214) also protects it against aggregation into Alzheimer paired helical filaments. Biochemistry 38: 3549-3558, 1999.
289. Schwencke C, Yamamoto M, Okumura S, Toya Y, Kim SJ, and Ishikawa Y. Compartmentation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate signaling in caveolae. Mol Endocrinol 13: 1061-1070, 1999.
290. Schwinger RHG and Frank KF. Calcium and the failing heart: phospholamban, good guy or bad guy? Sci STKE 2003: pe15, 2003.
291. 2+ channels due to phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Nature 364: 240-243, 1993.
292. Serrano L, Avila J, and Maccioni RB. Controlled proteolysis of tubulin by subtilisin: localization of the site for MAP2 interaction. Biochemistry 23: 4675-4681, 1984.
293. Sewer MB and Waterman MR. Insights into the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic enzymes and StAR. Rev Endocr Metab Disorders 2: 269-274, 2001.
294. Shih M, Lin F, Scott JD, Wang HY, and Malbon CC. Dynamic complexes of beta2-adrenergic receptors with protein kinases and phosphatases and the role of gravin. J Biol Chem 274: 1588-1595, 1999.
295. Shih M and Malbon CC. Oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to mRNA encoding protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase reveal distinctive cell-type-specific roles in agonist-induced desensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 12193-12197, 1994.
296. Shih M and Malbon CC. Protein kinase C deficiency blocks recovery from agonist-induced desensitization. J Biol Chem 271: 21478-21483, 1996.
297. Sillibourne JE, Milne DM, Takahashi M, Ono Y, and Meek DW. Centrosomal anchoring of the protein kinase CK1delta mediated by attachment to the large, coiled-coil scaffolding protein CG-NAP/AKAP450. J Mol Biol 322: 785-797, 2002.
298. Skalhegg BS, Huang Y, Su T, Idzerda RL, McKnight GS, and Burton KA. Mutation of the Calpha subunit of PKA leads to growth retardation and sperm dysfunction. Mol Endocrinol 16: 630-639, 2002.
299. Skalhegg BS, Landmark BF, Doskeland SO, Hansson V, Lea T, and Jahnsen T. Cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase type I mediates the inhibitory effects of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate on cell replication in human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 267: 15707-15714, 1992.
300. Skalhegg BS and Tasken K. Specificity in the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Differential expression, regulation, and subcellular localization of subunits of PKA. Front Biosci 5: D678-D693, 2000.
301. Skalhegg BS, Tasken K, Hansson V, Huitfeldt HS, Jahnsen T, and Lea T. Location of cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I with the TCR-CD3 complex. Science 263: 84-87, 1994.
302. Smith CM, Radzio-Andzelm E, Madhusudan Akamine P, and Taylor SS. The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: prototype for an extended network of communication. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 71: 313-341, 1999.
303. Smith FD and Scott JD. Signaling complexes: junctions on the intracellular information super highway. Curr Biol 12: R42-R40, 2002.
304. Snyder GL, Fienberg AA, Huganir RL, and Greengard PA. Dopamine/D1 receptor/protein kinase A/dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (Mr 32 kDa)/protein phosphatase-1 pathway regulates dephosphorylation of the NMDA receptor. J Neurosci 18: 10297-10303, 1998.
305. Soderling SH and Beavo JA. Regulation of cAMP and cGMP signaling: new phosphodiesterases and new functions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 12: 174-179, 2000.
306. Soderling SH, Binns KL, Wayman GA, Davee SM, Ong SH, Pawson T, and Scott JD. The WRP component of the WAVE-1 complex attenuates Rac-mediated signalling. Nat Cell Biol 4: 970-975, 2002.
307. Soderling SH, Langeberg LK, Soderling JA, Davee SM, Simerly R, Raber J, and Scott JD. Loss of WAVE-1 causes sensorimotor retardation and reduced learning and memory in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 1723-1728, 2003.
308. Solberg R, Tasken K, Wen W, Coghlan VM, Meinkoth JL, Scott JD, Jahnsen T, and Taylor SS. Human regulatory subunit RI beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinases: expression, holoenzyme formation and microinjection into living cells. Exp Cell Res 214: 595-605, 1994.
309. Spann TP, Moir RD, Goldman AE, Stick R, and Goldman RD. Disruption of nuclear lamin organization alters the distribution of replication factors and inhibits DNA synthesis. J Cell Biol 136: 1201-1212, 1997.
310. Spina D. Theophylline and PDE4 inhibitors in asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med 9: 57-64, 2003.
311. Steen RL and Collas P. Mistargeting of B type lamins at the end of mitosis: implications on cell survival and regulation of lamins A/C expression. J Cell Biol 153: 621-626, 2001.
312. Steen RL, Cubizolles F, Le Guellec K, and Collas P. A kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP)95 recruits human chromosome-associated protein (hCAP)-D2/Eg7 for chromosome condensation in mitotic extract. J Cell Biol 149: 531-536, 2000.
313. Steen RL, Martins SB, Tasken K, and Collas P. Recruitment of protein phosphatase 1 to the nuclear envelope by A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP149 is a prerequisite for nuclear lamina assembly. J Cell Biol 150: 1251-1262, 2000.
314. Steinberg SF and Brunton LL. Compartmentation of G protein-coupled signaling pathways in cardiac myocytes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 41: 751-773, 2001.
315. Stocco DM. StAR protein and the regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Annu Rev Physiol 63: 193-213, 2001.
316. Strada SJ, Martin MW, and Thompson WJ. General properties of multiple molecular forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the nervous system. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res 16: 13-29, 1984.
317. Suetsugu S, Miki H, and Takenawa T. Identification of two human WAVE/ SCAR homologues as general actin regulatory molecules which associate with the Arp2/3 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 260: 296-302, 1999.
318. Sun F, Hug MJ, Bradbury NA, and Frizzell RA. Protein kinase A associates with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator via an interaction with ezrin. J Biol Chem 275: 14360-14366, 2000.
319. Sun F, Hug MJ, Lewarchik CM, Yun CH, Bradbury NA, and Frizzell RA. E3karp mediates the association of ezrin and protein kinase A with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in airway cells. J Biol Chem 275: 29539-29546, 2000.
320. Sunahara RK, Dessauer CW, and Gilman AG. Complexity and diversity of mammalian adenylyl cyclases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36: 461-480, 1996.
321. Takahashi M, Mukai H, Oishi K, Isagawa T, and Ono Y. Association of immature hypophosphorylated protein kinase Cepsilon with an anchoring protein CG-NAP. J Biol Chem 275: 34592-34596, 2000.
322. Takahashi M, Mukai H, Toshimori M, Miyamoto M, and Ono Y. Proteolytic activation of PKN by caspase-3 or related protease during apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 11566-11571, 1998.
323. Takahashi M, Shibata H, Shimakawa M, Miyamoto M, Mukai H, and Ono Y. Characterization of a novel giant scaffolding protein, CG-NAP, that anchors multiple signaling enzymes to centrosome and the Golgi apparatus. J Biol Chem 274: 17267-17274, 1999.
324. Takenawa T and Miki H. Wasp and Wave family proteins: key molecules for rapid rearrangement of cortical actin filaments and cell movement. J Cell Sci 114: 1801-1809, 2001.
325. Takeuchi S, Takayama Y, Ogawa A, Tamura K, and Okada M. Transmembrane phosphoprotein Cbp positively regulates the activity of the carboxyl-terminal Src kinase, Csk. J Biol Chem 275: 29183-29186, 2000.
326. Tansey JT, Huml AM, Vogt R, Davis KE, Jones JM, Fraser KA, Brasaemle DL,
327. Tash JS and Means AR. Regulation of protein phosphorylation and motility of sperm by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium. Biol Reprod 26: 745-763, 1982.
328. Tasken K, Skalhegg BS, Tasken KA, Solberg R, Knutsen HK, Levy FO, Sandberg M, Orstavik S, Larsen T, Johansen AN, Vang T, Schrader HP, Reinton NT, Torgersen KM, Hansson V, and Jahnsen T. Structure, function and regulation of human cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 31: 191-204, 1997.
329. Tasken KA, Collas P, Kemmner WA, Witczak O, Conti M, and Tasken K. Phosphodiesterase 4D and protein kinase A type II constitute a signaling unit in the centrosomal area. J Biol Chem 270: 21999-22002, 2001.
330. Taylor SS, Buechler JA, and Yonemoto W. cAMP-dependent protein kinase: framework for a diverse family of regulatory enzymes. Anna Rev Biochem 59: 971-1005, 1990.
331. Taylor SS, Radzio-Andzelm E, Madhusudan Cheng X, Ten Eyck L, and Narayana N. Catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: structure and dynamics of the active site cleft. Pharmacol Ther 82: 133-141, 1999.
332. Theurkauf WE and Vallee RB. Molecular characterization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase bound to microtubule-associated protein 2. J Biol Chem 257: 3284-3290, 1982.
333. 2+ signaling in secretory epithelial cells. Cell Calcium 20: 203-214, 1996.
334. Torgersen KM, Vaage JT, Levy FO, Hansson V, Rolstad B, and Tasken K. Selective activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I inhibits rat natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 272: 5495-5500, 1997.
335. Torgersen KM, Vang T, Abrahamsen H, Yaqub S, Horejsi V, Schraven B, Rolstad B, Mustelin T, and Tasken K. Release from tonic inhibition of T cell activation through transient displacement of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) from lipid rafts. J Biol Chem 276: 29313-29318, 2001.
336. Torgersen KM, Vang T, Abrahamsen H, Yaqub S, and Tasken K. Molecular mechanisms for protein kinase A-mediated modulation of immune function. Cell Signal 14: 1-9, 2002.
337. Trendelenburg G, Hummel M, Riecken EO, and Hanski C. Molecular characterization of AXAP149, a novel A kinase anchor protein with a KH domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 225: 313-319, 1996.
338. Trotter KW, Fraser ID, Scott GK, Stutts MJ, Scott JD, and Milgram SL. Alternative splicing regulates the subcellular localization of A-kinase anchoring protein 18 isoforms. J Cell Biol 147: 1481-1492, 1999.
339. Vang T, Abrahamsen H, and Tasken K. Protein kinase A intersects Src signaling in membrane microdomains J Biol Chem 278: 17170-17177, 2003.
340. Vang T, Torgersen KM, Sundvold V, Saxena M, Levy FO, Skalhegg BS, Hansson V, Mustelin T, and Tasken K. Activation of the COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits signaling through the T cell receptor. J Exp Med 193: 497-507, 2001.
341. Veillette A, Latour S, and Davidson D. Negative regulation of immunoreceptor signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 20: 669-707, 2002.
342. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di FV, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, and Nodell M. The sequence of the human genome. Science 291: 1304-1351, 2001.
343. Verde I, Pahlke G, Salanova M, Zhang G, Wang S, Coletti D, Onuffer J, Jin SL, and Conti M. Myomegalin is a novel protein of the Golgi/centrosome that interacts with a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. J. Biol Chem 276: 11189-11198, 2001.
344. Vijayaraghavan S, Goueli SA, Davey WP, and Carr DW. Protein kinase A-anchoring inhibitor peptides arrest mammalian sperm motility J. Biol Chem 272: 4747-4752, 1997.
345. Vijayaraghavan S, Liberty GA, Mohan J, Winfrey VP, Olson GE, and Carr DW. Isolation and molecular characterization of AKAP110, a novel, sperm-specific protein kinase A-anchoring protein. Mol Endocrinol 13: 705-717, 1999.
346. Wang LY, Orser BA, Brautigan DL, and MacDonald JF. Regulation of NMDA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons by protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Nature 369: 230-232, 1994.
347. Wang LY, Salter MW, and MacDonald JF. Regulation of kainate receptors by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphatases. Science 253: 1132-1135, 1991.
348. Wang X, Herberg FW, Laue MM, Wullner C, Hu B, Petrasch-Parwez E, and Kilimann MW. Neurobeachin: a protein kinase A-anchoring, beige/Chediak-higashi protein homolog implicated in neuronal membrane traffic. J Neurosci 20: 8551-8565, 2000.
349. Watanabe G, Saito Y, Madaule P, Ishizaki T, Fujisawa K, Morii N, Mukai H, Ono Y, Kakizuka A, and Narumiya S. Protein kinase N (PKN) and PKN related protein rhophilin as targets of small GTPase Rho. Science 271: 645-648, 1996.
350. Wei JY, Roy DS, Leconte L, and Barnstable CJ. Molecular and pharmacological analysis of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel function in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 56: 37-64, 1998.
351. Weinman EJ, Steplock D, Donowitz M, and Shenolikar S. Nherf associations with sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) and ezrin are essential for cAMP-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of NHE3. Biochemistry 39: 6123-6129, 2000.
352. + exchanger. J Clin Invest 95: 2143-2149, 1995.
353. Wen W, Harootunian AT, Adams SR, Feramisco J, Tsien RY, Meinkoth JL, and Taylor SS. Heat-stable inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase carry a nuclear export signal. J Biol Chem 269: 32214-32220, 1994.
354. Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Tsien RY, and Taylor SS. Identification of a signal for rapid export of proteins from the nucleus. Cell 82: 463-473, 1995.
355. Wen W, Taylor SS, and Meinkoth JL. The expression and intracellular distribution of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor is cell cycle regulated. J Biol Chem 270: 2041-2046, 1995.
356. Westphal RS, Soderling SH, Alto NM, Langeberg LK, and Scott JD. Scar/WAVE-1, a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, assembles an actin-associated multi-kinase scaffold. EMBO J 19: 4589-4600, 2000.
357. Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, Alto NM, Fraser ID, Langeberg LK, Sheng M, and Scott JD. Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex. Science 285: 93-96, 1999.
358. Winder DG and Sweatt JD. Roles of serine/threonine phosphatases in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2: 461-474, 2001.
359. Witczak O, Skalhegg BS, Keryer G, Bornens M, Tasken K, Jahnsen T, and Orstavik S. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an A-kinase anchoring protein located in the centrosome, AKAP450. EMBO J 18: 1858-1868, 1999.
360. Xavier R, Brennan T, Li Q, McCormack C, and Seed B. Membrane compartmentation is required for efficient T cell activation. Immunity 8: 723-732, 1998.
361. Yang J, Drazba JA, Ferguson DG, and Bond M. A kinase anchoring protein 100 (AKAP100) is localized in multiple subcellular compartments in the adult rat heart. J Cell Biol 142: 511-522, 1998.
362. Yao X, Karam SM, Ramilo M, Rong Q, Thibodeau A, and Forte JG. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by cAMP in a novel alpha-toxin-permeabilized gland model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 271: C61-C73, 1996.
363. Yarwood SJ, Steele MR, Scotland G, Houslay MD, and Bolger GB. The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 isoform. J Biol Chem 274: 14909-14917, 1999.
364. Yau KW. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels: an expanding new family of ion channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3481-3483, 1994.
365. Yau KW and Nakatani K. Light-suppressible cyclic GMP sensitive conductance in the plasma membrane of a truncated rod outer segment. Nature 317: 252-255, 1985.
366. 2+ signals. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14: 160-166, 2002.
367. Zaccolo M and Pozzan T. Discrete microdomains with high concentration of cAMP in stimulated rat neonatal cardiac myocytes, Science 295: 1711-1715, 2002.
368. Zagotta WN and Siegelbaum SA. Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Annu Rev Neurosci 19: 235-263, 1996.
369. Zimmer HG. Catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy: significance of proto-oncogene expression. J Mol Med 75: 849-859, 1997.
370. Zimmerman W, Sparks CA, and Doxsey SJ. Amorphous no longer: the centrosome comes into focus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11: 122-128, 1999,
371. Zimmermann B, Chiorini JA, Ma YL, Kotin RM, and Herberg FW. PrKX is a novel catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulated by the regulatory subunit type I. J Biol Chem 274: 5370-5378, 1999.