Exposure Variability: Concepts and Applications in Occupational Epidemiology

American Journal of Industrial Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 113-122

  Loomis, Dana ^a   Kromhout, Hans ^b  

^a IL   (United States)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Between individual variability; Epidemiology; Exposure; Methods; Within individual variability

Indexed keywords

HEALTH HAZARD; MEASUREMENT; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PLANNING; REVIEW;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0347320859     PISSN: 02713586     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajim.10324     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Armstrong BG. 1996. Optimizing power in allocating resources to exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study. Am J Epidemiol 144:192-197.
2. Ashford JR. 1958. The design of a long-term sampling programme to measure the hazard associated with an industrial environment. J R Stat Soc Series A 121:333-347.
3. Banks RS, Thomas W, Mandel JS, Kaune WT, Wacholder S, Tarone RE, Linet MS. 2002. Temporal trends and misclassification in residential 60 Hz magnetic field measurements. Bioelectromagnetics 23:196-205.
4. Boleij JSM, Buringh E, Heederik D, Kromhout H. 1995. Occupational hygiene of chemical and biological agents. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 285 p.
5. Brenner H, Loomis D. 1994. Varied forms of bias due to nondifferential error in measuring exposure. Epidemiology 5:510-517.
6. Burstyn I, Kromhout H. 2000. Are the members of a paving crew uniformly exposed to bitumen fume, organic vapour, and benzo(a)pyrene. Risk Anal 20:653-663.
7. Burstyn I, Kromhout H, Kauppinen T, Heikkilä P, Boffetta P. 2000. Statistical modelling of the determinants of historical exposure to bitumen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among paving workers. Ann Occup Hyg 44:43-56.
8. Burton P, Gurrin L, Sly P. 1998. Extending the simple linear regression model to account for correlated responses: An introduction to generalized estimating equations and multi-level mixed modelling. Stat Med 17:1261-1291.
9. Checkoway H, Pearce NE, Crawford-Brown DJ. 1986. Research methods in occupational epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press. 344 p.
10. Cochran WG. 1968. Errors of measurement in statistics. Technometrics 10:637-666.
11. Copeland KT, Checkoway H, McMichael AJ, Holbrook RH. 1977. Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk. Am J Epidemiol 105:488-495.
12. Dement JM, Harris RL, Symons MJ, Shy CM. 1983. Exposure and mortality among chrysotile workers. Part I: Exposure estimates. Am J Ind Med 4:399-419.
13. Flegal KM, Keyl PM, Nieto FJ. 1991. Differential misclassification arising from nondifferential errors in exposure measurement. Am J Epidemiol 34:1233-1244.
14. Flynn MR, George DK. 1996. A field evaluation of a mathematical model to predict worker exposure to solvent vapors. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 11:1212-1216.
15. Greenland S. 1980. The effect of misclassification in the presence of covariates. Am J Epidemiol 112:564-569.
16. Heederik D, Attfield M. 2000. Characterization of dust exposure for the study of chronic occupational lung disease: A comparison of different exposure assessment strategies. Am J Epidemiol 151:982-990.
17. Heederik D, Kromhout H, Burema J. 1991. Letter to the Editor: Assessment of long-term exposures to toxic substances in air. Ann Occup Hyg 35:671-673.
18. Kromhout H, Heederik D. 1995. Occupational epidemiology in the rubber industry. Implications of exposure variability. Am J Ind Med 27:171-185.
19. Kromhout H, Heederik D, Dalderup LM, Kromhout D. 1992. Performance of two general job-exposure matrices in a study of lung cancer morbidity in the Zutphen cohort. Am J Epidemiol 136:698-711.
20. Kromhout H, Tielemans E, Preller L, Heederik D. 1996. Estimates of individual dose from current exposure measurements. Occup Hyg 3:23-39.
21. Kromhout H, Loomis DP, Kleckner RC, Savitz DA. 1997. Sensitivity of the relation between cumulative magnetic field exposure and brain cancer mortality to choice of monitoring data grouping scheme. Epidemiology 8:442-445.
22. Kupper LL. 1984. Effects of the use of unreliable surrogate variables on the validity of epidemiologic research studies. Am J Epidemiol 120:643-648.
23. Last JM. 2001. A dictionary of epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 141 p.
24. Linet MS, Hatch EE, Kleinerman RA, Robison LL, Kaune WT, Friedman DR, Severson RK, Haines CM, Hartsock CT, Niwa S, Wacholder S, Tarone RE. 1997. Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. N Engl J Med 337:1-7.
25. Liu K, Stamler JA, Dyer A, McKeever J, McKeever P. 1978. Statistical methods to assess and minimize the role of intra individual variability in obscuring the relationship between dietary lipids and serum cholesterol. J Chron Dis 31:399-418.
26. London SJ, Thomas DC, Bowman JD, Sobel E, Cheng TC, Peters JM. 1991. Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. Am J Epidemiol 134:923-937.
27. Loomis D, Lagorio S, Salvan A, Comba P. 1999. Update of evidence on the association of childhood leukemia and 50/60 Hz magnetic field exposure. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 9:99-105.
28. McKeown-Eyssen GE, Thomas DC. 1985. Sample size determination in case-control studies: The influence of the distribution of exposure. J Chron Dis 122:55-61.
29. National Research Council. 1997. Possible health effects of exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields. Washington: National Academy Press.
30. Nylander-French LA, Kupper LL, Rappaport SM. 1999. An investigation of factors contributing to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide exposures in the reinforced-plastics industry. Ann Occup Hyg 43:99-105.
31. Oldham PD, Roach SA. 1952. A sampling procedure for measuring industrial dust exposure. Br J Ind Med 9:112-119.
32. Phillips AN, Smith GD. 1993. The design of prospective epidemiological studies: More subjects or better measurements? J Clin Epidemiol 46:1203-1211.
33. Post WK, Heederik D, Kromhout H, Kromhout D. 1994. Occupational exposures estimated by a population specific job exposure matrix and 25 year incidence rate of chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD): The Zutphen Study. Eur Respir J 7:1048-1055.
34. Preller L, Kromhout H, Heederik D, Tielen MJ. 1995. Modelling chronic exposure in occupational exposure-response analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 21:504-512.
35. Rappaport SM. 1991. Assessment of long-term exposures to toxic substances in air. Ann Occup Hyg 35:61-121.
36. Rappaport SM, Symanski E, Yager JW, Kupper LL. 1995. The relationship between environmental monitoring and biological markers in exposure assessment. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 3):49-54.
37. Sanderson WT, Ward EM, Steenland K, Petersen MR. 2001. Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers. Am J Ind Med 39:133-144.
38. Savitz DA, Wachtel H, Barnes FA, John EM, Tvrdik J. 1988. Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields. Am J Epidemiol 128:21-38.
39. Seixas NS, Sheppard L. 1996. Maximizing accuracy and precision using individual and grouped exposure assessments. Scand J Work Environ Health 22:94-101.
40. Tielemans E, Kupper LL, Kromhout H, Heederik D, Houba R. 1998. Individual-based and group-based occupational exposure assessment: Some equations to evaluate different strategies. Ann Occup Hyg 42:115-119.
41. Van der Woord MP, Kromhout H, Barregard L, Jonsson P. 2000. Within day variability of magnetic fields among electric utility workers: Consequences for measurement strategies. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 61:31-38.
42. van Tongeren MJA, Kromhout H, Gardiner K, Calvert IA, Harrington JM. 1999. Assessment of the sensitivity of the relation between current exposure to carbon black and lung function parameters when using different grouping schemes. Am J Ind Med 36:548-556.
43. Vermeulen R, Talaska G, Schumann B, Bos RP, Rothman N, Kromhout H. 2002. Urothelial cell DNA adducts in rubber workers. Environ Mol Mutagen 39:306-313.
44. Wacholder S. 1995. When measurement errors correlate with truth: Surprising effects of nondifferential misclassification. Epidemiology 6:157-161.
45. Wameling A, Schaper M, Kunert J, Blaszkewicz M, van Thriel C, Zupanic M, Seeber A. 2000. Individual toluene exposure in rotary printing: Increasing accuracy of estimation by linear models based on protocols of daily activity and other measures. Biometrics 56:1218-1221.
46. White E, Kushi LH, Pepe MS. 1994. The effect of exposure variance and exposure measurement error on study sample size: Implications for the design of epidemiologic studies. J Clin Epidemiol 47:873-880.
47. Willett W. 1990. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.