Upholding the public trust in state constitutions

Duke Law Journal

Volumn 46, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1169-

  Kirsch, Matthew Thor ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347173779     PISSN: 00127086     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1372918     Document Type: Article

References (6)

1. Pennsylvania's constitution requires that any amendment be approved by a majority of both houses of the state legislature and then approved by a majority of voters in a referendum. See Franklin L. Kury, The Environmental Amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution: Twenty Years Later and Largely Untested, 1 VILL. ENVTL. L.J. 123, 123 n.1 (1990).
2. PA. CONST. art. I, § 27. Because the Pennsylvania Constitution requires that two consecutive legislatures approve an amendment before it is submitted to the citizens, this was the first time the legislature approved the amendment. It was approved for the second time in the 1971-72 session. See Kury, supra note 1, at 123.
3. See Kury, supra note 1, at 123-24. Just over one million voters favored the amendment; about a quarter-million opposed it. See id.
4. See Roland M. Frye, Jr., Environmental Provisions in State Constitutions, 5 ENVTL. L. REP. 50028-29 (1975); Stewart G. Pollock, State Constitutions, Land Use, and Public Resources: The Gift Outright, 1984 ANN. SURV. AM. L. 13, 28-29; Robert A. McLaren, Comment, Environmental Protection Based on State Constitutional Law: A Call for Reinterpretation, 12 U. HAW. L. REV. 123, 126-27 (1990). For constitutional provisions that refer explicitly to the environment or natural resources, see ALA. CONST. art. VIII; CAL. CONST. art. X, § 2; FLA. CONST. art. II, § 7; HAW. CONST. art. XI; ILL. CONST. art. XI; LA. CONST. art. IX; MASS. CONST. § 179; MICH. CONST, art. IV, § 52; MONT. CONST. art. IX, § 1; N.M. CONST. art. XX, § 21;
5. See Roland M. Frye, Jr., Environmental Provisions in State Constitutions, 5 ENVTL. L. REP. 50028-29 (1975); Stewart G. Pollock, State Constitutions, Land Use, and Public Resources: The Gift Outright, 1984 ANN. SURV. AM. L. 13, 28-29; Robert A. McLaren, Comment, Environmental Protection Based on State Constitutional Law: A Call for Reinterpretation, 12 U. HAW. L. REV. 123, 126-27 (1990). For constitutional provisions that refer explicitly to the environment or natural resources, see ALA. CONST. art. VIII; CAL. CONST. art. X, § 2; FLA. CONST. art. II, § 7; HAW. CONST. art. XI; ILL. CONST. art. XI; LA. CONST. art. IX; MASS. CONST. § 179; MICH. CONST, art. IV, § 52; MONT. CONST. art. IX, § 1; N.M. CONST. art. XX, § 21;
6. See Roland M. Frye, Jr., Environmental Provisions in State Constitutions, 5 ENVTL. L. REP. 50028-29 (1975); Stewart G. Pollock, State Constitutions, Land Use, and Public Resources: The Gift Outright, 1984 ANN. SURV. AM. L. 13, 28-29; Robert A. McLaren, Comment, Environmental Protection Based on State Constitutional Law: A Call for Reinterpretation, 12 U. HAW. L. REV. 123, 126-27 (1990). For constitutional provisions that refer explicitly to the environment or natural resources, see ALA. CONST. art. VIII; CAL. CONST. art. X, § 2; FLA. CONST. art. II, § 7; HAW. CONST. art. XI; ILL. CONST. art. XI; LA. CONST. art. IX; MASS. CONST. § 179; MICH. CONST, art. IV, § 52; MONT. CONST. art. IX, § 1; N.M. CONST. art. XX, § 21;